3. Rule 1. Know MSDS of the chemical you use
Read MSDS before use.
Rule 2 Don’t buy or store chemicals you don’t
need.
Rule 3. Store chemicals in their original
containers with proper labels.
Rule 4. Always wear appropriate safety gear
and work in a safe environment.
Rule 5. Always dispose of chemicals safely.
Basic Rules of Chemical Safety GPPC
4. 1. Flocculent
2. Alum(Aluminium Sulphate)
3. Poly electrolyte
4. Sodium Hypo Chloride
5. FeCL3
6. NaOH
7. HCL
8. Lime
9. H2SO4
10. Hydrazine
11. Ammonia
12. Phosphate
13. Natural Gas
14. Hydrogen
15. Carbon dioxide
16. SF6
List of Chemicals used at GPPC GPPC
7. Corrosive Materials
• Chemical substances that, by direct
chemical action, are injurious to living
tissues or corrosive to metal surfaces
• The degree of hazard associated with
a corrosive material is greatly
dependent upon its physical state
(solid, liquid, gas)
• Minor corrosive injury = irritation
GPPC
8. Corrosive Liquids
• Most common cause of corrosive injury
• Corrosive liquids will destroy any living
tissue but the most frequently injured
organs are the skin and eyes.
• Corrosive vapors can also escape from
some solutions (check out the interior
of any acid cabinet). Fuming acids
are particularly hazardous
GPPC
9. Corrosive Liquids: Bases
• Concentrated alkalies are more damaging
to tissues than most strong inorganic acids
• Alkaline solutions gelatinize and saponify
tissues, producing deeply penetrating,
painful burns
• Even weak alkaline solutions can dissolve
skin fats and weaken the epidermis, making
the skin more permeable to other agents
• Initial contact may not be painful – poor
warning property!
GPPC
10. Corrosive Liquids: Acids
• Chemical action of acids is different
from that of bases. Acids burn largely
due to thermal action with moisture in
tissues. When acids come into contact
with skin, the acid reacts to form a
(very slightly) protective barrier,
whereas bases dissolve proteins.
GPPC
11. Corrosive Liquids: organic solvents
• A corrosive liquid need not have a
very high or low pH to be capable of
causing corrosive injury. Many organic
solvents can cause severe irritation of
skin and mucus membranes by
defatting tissues, which paves the way
for secondary infections.
GPPC
12. Corrosive Liquids: hydrochloric acid
• HCI and gaseous hydrogen chloride merit
special discussion. These are easily the most
hazardous corrosive materials encountered
in the laboratory / plant.
• HCI is extremely dangerous not only
because it is an acid but because mist
cause severe burn to all body parts.
• Vapors are harmful to eye, skin and
respiration system, avoid contact of HCI
fumes.
GPPC
13. Corrosive Gases
• Most seriously hazardous of all corrosive
materials!
• Readily absorbed into the body by
dissolution in tissue moisture (e.g. in skin
and/or respiratory tract and/or eyes).
• Severity of the corrosive effect and the
region of respiratory tract affected by
exposure is greatly dependent upon the
aqueous solubility of the chemical (see
table on next slide).
• Always use/store corrosive gases in a
chemical fume hood – never ever on the
bench!
GPPC
16. • Store/use upright and secured
• Cylinder must be hydrostatically tested
every 10 years (by the manufacturer)
• Transport cylinders in cylinder carts with
protective cap and restraining chain in
place
• Do not use unknown cylinders!
• Test for leaks with soap solution
Compressed Gas Cylinders GPPC
17. • Do not force/modify any cylinder
valve
• Use O2 regulators for O2 only
• Do not empty any cylinder to
atmosphere
• Clearly label empty cylinders as such
• Store full cylinders separately from
empty
Compressed Gas Cylinders GPPC
19. Chemical Hazard Information
• Chemical labels: National Fire
Prevention Association (NFPA) Fire
Rating
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Hazard Information on the Internet
GPPC
21. • MSDS stands for material safety data
sheet
• It is a comprehensive data sheet
universally accepted spelling out all
details about the material.
What is MSDS? GPPC
22. MSDS –What it contains
Section 1 - Product and Company Identification
Section 2 - Composition/Information on Ingredients
Section 3 - Hazards Identification Including Emergency Overview
Section 4 - First Aid Measures
Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures
Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures
Section 7 - Handling and Storage
Section 8 - Exposure Controls & Personal Protection
Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties
Section 10 - Stability & Reactivity Data
Section 11 - Toxicological Information
Section 12 - Ecological Information
Section 13 - Disposal Considerations
Section 14 - MSDS Transport Information
Section 15 - Regulatory Information
Section 16 - Other Information
GPPC
23. Key Words
• Solubility: Solubility is the amount of a solute that will
dissolve in a specific solvent under given conditions. The
dissolved substance is called the solute and the
dissolving fluid (usually present in excess) is called the
solvent, which together form a solution.
• Specific gravity : It is a comparison of the density of the
commodity being measured at that temperature, with
the density of water at the same temperature.
• Vapor Density :we can use a chemical's vapor density
to judge the expected action of the chemical vapors
or gases when we encounter them
• 1)Chemicals that have a vapor density greater than
one will be found in the bottom of storage containers
and will tend to migrate downhill and accumulate in
low lying areas.
GPPC
24. 2).Chemicals that have a vapor density which is the
same or less than the vapor density of air will
disperse readily into the surrounding environment.
3).Additionally, chemicals that have the same vapor
density as air (1.0) tend to disperse uniformly into
the surrounding air when contained and, when
released into the open air, chemicals that are
lighter than air will travel up and away from the
ground.
Flash point : The flash point of a flammable liquid is the
lowest temperature at which it can form an
ignitable mixture with air which gives momentary
flash if brought to ignition source.
Key Words GPPC
25. • Auto ignition Temperature :The lowest temperature at which a
chemical will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere, without
an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark
• Pyropheric Material: Pyrophoric material is the material which can
spontaneously ignite in air. E.g. alkyllithiums, alkylzincs,
alkylmagnesiums
• Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is defined by ACGIH as the
concentration to which workers can be exposed continuously for a
short period of time without suffering from irritation Chronic or
irreversible tissue damage
• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is the maximum amount or
concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to
under OSHA regulations.
• Odor Thresholds : It gives an indication of how much of a chemical
is present.
• L.D50 :The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing
radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population frequently used asa
general indicator of a substance's toxicity
• L.C50 :Lethal conc. fifty – A calculated concentration of substance in air
exposure of which is specified length of time is expected to cause the death
of 50% of an entire defined experimental animal population.
Key Words GPPC
26. UN classification
Class Examples
Class 1: Explosives TNT, dynamite, Nitroglycerine
Class 2: Gases Acetylene, Hydrogen
Class 3: Flammable liquids Kerosene, Diesel.
Class 4: Flammable solids Sodium, Calcium, Potassium
Class 5: Oxidizing Agents & Hydrogen Peroxide
Organic Peroxides
Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances Potassium cyanide
Class 7: Radioactive Substances Uranium, Plutonium
Class 8: Corrosive Substances Sulfuric acid , sodium hydroxide
Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Asbestos
Substances
GPPC
36. HAZCHEM Emergency Action Code for Fire or Spillage
•Hazchem code The HAZCHEM Code provides advisory information to the
emergency services personnel to enable them to take the appropriate action to
combat the incident.
GPPC
37. Notes for guidance
• V - Can be violently or even explosively reactive.
• BA - Use breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
• FULL - Use full body protective clothing with breathing
apparatus.
• DILUTE - Wash to drain with large quantities of water.
• CONTAIN - Prevent spillage from entering drains or
watercourses.
• WATER FOG - In the absence of fog equipment, a fine spray
may be used.
• DRY AGENT - Water must not be allowed to come in contact
with the substance at risk
HAZCHEM GPPC
38. Chlorine Safety
Chlorine gas is two and half times heavier than air and settles on ground
level.
Liquid chlorine is one and half times heavier than water.
Chlorine has a high co-efficient of thermal expansion resulting in rapid
increase in volume with raising temperature.
One volume of liquid chlorine can produce 460 volumes of gas.
Hydro test.
Leakage of gas.
Do not load /store chemicals together in the vehicle which reacts violently
with each other.
The filled and empty tonners/Cylinders should be stored in separate rows.
It does not diffuse quickly into the atmosphere and its toxic effect in the air
will be felt for longer period.
Do not pour water over leaking chlorine cylinder
Never heat chlorine cylinder otherwise Volumetric expansion of gas will
cause bursting of the cylinder.
GPPC
39. Suitable provision should be available with all
Chlorine consumers for emergency disposal of
Chlorine from leaking containers. Chlorine may
be absorbed in solutions of
a) Caustic Soda.
b) Soda Ash.
c) Milk of Lime.
Proportions of alkali and water recommended
for neutralization of 900kgs of chlorine are:
NEUTRALISATION OF CHLORINE
Wt. (kgs.) Vol.(lit) Wt. (kgs.) Vol.(lit) Wt. (kgs.) Vol.(lit)
1160 3680 2720 9050 1160 11350
Caustic Soda and Water Soda ash & water Milk of lime & water
GPPC
40. IN CASE OF MILD INHALATION
Milk, buttermilk, sodawater, cough mixtures and
Common throat lozenges like strepsils, Halls, Vicks may
be given for relief from throat irritation
IN CASE OF SEVERE INHALATION.
Patient should be immediately removed to an open
area.
If breathing has ceased, artificial respiration should
be started immediately.
TOXICITY:
Corrosive: reacts with body moisture to form
corrosive acid.
Respiratory irritant.
Inhalation of chlorine can cause respiratory injury
ranging from irritation to death.
FIRST AID GPPC
41. Protection from chlorine is required for
respiratory system,(Canister type&SCBA)
eyes,
rest of the body.
Full mask is suitable for protection of respiratory
system and eyes, whereas protective clothing is
useful for body protection.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS GPPC
