3. ROUF DANCE :
The Rouf is a folk dance form which is mainly practiced by the women folk of the Kashmir
valley. There are several folk dance forms which have particularly originated and flourished
in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. In this beautiful dance form, there are women who line
up in two rows facing each other and perform this beautiful dance during the spring time in
beautiful costumes.
The Rouf is a folk dance which originated in the Muslim community of the state of Kashmir
in India. The dance originated several years back in order to celebrate the good weather of
the spring season and also for the purpose of merriment in the various festivals like Id-ul-
Fitr. The dance is being performed by the women in beautiful costumes and in a
characteristic music. The dance is simple footwork which is also called Chakri in the local
language
The dance is usually performed in all auspicious occasions and festivals. Also this dance is
particularly practiced in the spring season when the weather is good and the nature is
blooming to glory. The dance form is practiced with the help of the mystical poetry which is
being sung and the dancers dance to the rhythm of this poetry. During the major festival of
the Muslims during the Ramzan month, the streets of Kashmir become pleasant with the
help of Rouf songs and dance which are being performed by the Kashmiri women. This
dance is also associated with the joy of harvesting. The harvesting season brings a smile
to the farmers’ face and they usually celebrate the occasion in a very grand way. There are
good food, songs and dances which are being observed in a special manner. Rouf dance
in one of the major folk dances which is being showcased by the women of Kashmir
belonging to the Muslim community. Kashmir is one of the major tourist destinations of the
world and millions of tourists visit the valley every year. This dance form has earned huge
appreciation nationally and internationally.
4.
5. MUSIC OF J&K
CHAKRI:
Chakri is the original and traditional folk music of Kashmir. It is one of the
most famous musical forms of the valley sung by a singer along with his
chorus with the musical instruments like Harmonium, Sarangi, Rabab, Nout
etc. It is a traditional form of singing and is also an interesting method of
narrating the legendary folklore stories. It usually culminates with “roaf” and
together they are called “Chakirtiroaf”, (Chakir is sung by specialist singers
who have a heavy hoarse voice).
It is one of the oldest and most popular forms of traditional music of
Jammu and Kashmir. Sarangi, Rubab and Harmonium are used for
playing Chakri. Several love stories and fables have chakri as the
background music score. The Henna nights of the mehandi during the
traditional wedding ceremonies are incomplete without Chakri
music
Famous Chakri Players
Gulam Hassan Sofi
Abdur Rasheed Hafiz
Gulam Nabi Sheikh
Gulam Mohammad Dar
Rouf or Wanwun
8. BHARATANATYAM:
Bharatanatyam is traditionally a team performance art that consists
of a solo dancer, accompanied by musicians and one or more
singers. The theory behind the musical notes, vocal performance and
the dance movement trace back to the ancient Natya Shastra, and
many Sanskrit and Tamil texts such as the Abhinaya Darpana
The solo artist (ekaharya) in Bharatanatyam is dressed in a
colorful sari, adorned with jewelry who presents a dance
synchronized with Indian classical music.[54] Their hand and facial
gestures are codified sign language that recite a legend, spiritual
ideas or a religious prayer derived from Hindu Vedic scriptures,
the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, the Puranas and historic drama
texts
The dancer deploys turns or specific body movements to mark
punctuations in the story or the entry of a different character in the
play or legend being acted out through dance (Abhinaya). The
footwork, body language, postures, musical notes, the tones of the
vocalist, aesthetics and costumes integrate to express and
communicate the underlying text.
9.
10. MUSIC OF TAMILNADU
PARAI:
The parai is a frame drum about 35 centimeters in diameter. It consists
of a shallow ring of wood, covered on one side with a stretched cow
hide that is glued to the wooden frame. The preferred wood is neem
wood although other types may be used. The shell is made up of three
separate pieces of wood each in the shape of an arc. These pieces are
held together by three metal plates. The parai is played with two sticks:
one long, thin flat bamboo stick (approx. 28 cm) called 'Sindu/ Sundu
Kuchi'and a short, thick stick called 'Adi Kucchi' that can be made from
any variety of wood (approx. 18 cm)
The parai is slung by a strap over one shoulder (weak/off hand side)
and is held vertically by pushing it towards the performer's body. This
simple harness allows the drummer to play while standing, walking, or
dancing.
In Tamil, the word parai means 'to speak' or 'to tell'. It was performed in
the courts of Sangam, Chola, and Pandiyan rulers. The drums were
used to announce important messages and orders of the great Tamil
Kings.
In olden days, parai was used for multiple reasons, ranging from
warning people about the upcoming war, requesting the civilians to
leave the battlefield, announcing victory or defeat, stopping a breach of
water body, gathering farmers for farming activities, warning the wild
animals about people's presence, during festivals, wedding,
celebrations, worship of nature and so on.
14. தமிழ்
ஜம்மு காஷ
் மீர்:
ஜம்மு காஷ
் மீர், இந்தியாவின் வடக்கு பகுதியில் உள்ள
மாநிலங்களில் ஒன் றாகும். லடாக் தவிர்த்த இதன
்
பபரும்பகுதிகள் இமயமலலயின
் பிர் பாஞ்சல்
மலலத்பதாடரில் அலமந்துள்ளது. சம்மு காசுமீர் மாநிலம்
லடாக்லகயும் சம்முலவயும் காசுமீர் பகுதிலயயும் உள்ளடக்கிய
மாநிலமாக அக்டடாபர், 2019 ஆண
் டு முடிய விளங்கியது.
சம்மு காசுமீர் மாநிலம், வடக்கிலும்
கிழக்கிலும் சீனாலவ எல்லலயாகவும், பதற்கில் இமாச்சலப்
பிரடதசம் மற்றும் பஞ்சாப் ஆகிய மாநிலங்கலள எல்லலயாகவும்,
வடக்கிலும், டமற்கிலும் பாக்கிஸ
் தான
் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ள ஆசாத்
காஷ
் மீர் மற்றும் வடக்கு நிலங்கள் பகுதிலய எல்லலயாகவும்
பகாண
் டுள்ளது.
சம்மு மற்றும் காசுமீர் பகுதிலய
முதன
் முலறயாக பமாகலாய டபரரசர் அக்பர் 1586 ஆம் ஆண
் டில்,
தமது பலடத்தலலவர்களான பகவன
் தாஸ
் , முதலாம் இராமசந்திரா
ஆகிடயாலர பகாண
் டு பவன் றார். பமாகலாய பலட காசுமீர்
பகுதிலய ஆண
் டு வந்த துருக்கிய ஆட்சியாளரான யூசூப்
கான் பலடலய பவன் றது. இப்டபாருக்கு பின் , அக்பர் முதலாம்
LPஇராமசந்திராலவ ஆளுநராக நியமித்தார். முதலாம்
இராமசந்திரா, அப்பகுதியில் டகாயில்
பகாண
் ட இந்து டதவலதயான ஜம்வா மாதாவின்
பபயரில் ஜம்மு நகலர நிறுவினார்
15. தமிழ்நாடு:
தமிழ்நாடு, ஏறத்தாழ 6000 ஆண
் டுகளுக்கு டமல் பழலமயான
வரலாற்லறக் பகாண
் டுள்ளது. இங்டக வாழுகின் ற தமிழ் இன மக்களின்
டதாற்றம் பதாடர்பாகப் பல்டவறு கருத்துக்கள் நிலவுகின் றன. சிலர், ஒரு
காலத்தில் இந்தியா முழுதும் பரவி வாழ்ந்திருந்த தமிழர்கள், சிந்து பவளி
நாகரீகத்துக்கு உரியவர்களுள் ஒரு பிரிவினராக இருந்தனர் என்று
கருதுகிறார்கள். இவ்வினத்தவருலடய பதற்கு டநாக்கிய பபயர்வு, ஆரிய
ஆக்கிரமிப்புக் பகாள்லகயுடன
் பதாடர்புபடுத்தப்படுகின
் றது.
இக்பகாள்லகப்படி, வடக்கிலிருந்து வந்த ஆரிய ஆக்கிரமிப்பு,
தமிழர்கலள இன்லறய இந்திய மாநிலங்களான தமிழ்நாடு, ஆந்திரப்
பிரடதசம், கர்நாடகம், டகரளா ஆகியலவ
அடங்கிய பதன்னிந்தியாவுக்குள் ஒடுக்கியதாகக் கருதப்படுகின் றது.
வரலாற்று உண
் லமகள் எவ்வாறு இருப்பினும், தற்காலத் தமிழ்
மக்களுலடய அலடயாளம், டமற்கண
் ட பகாள்லககளின்
அடிப்பலடயிடலடய வளர்த்பதடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது எனலாம்.
இன்லறய தமிழ்நாட்லடயும் உள்ளடக்கிப் பரந்திருந்த பண
் லடய தமிழர்
நாடு, பல்டவறு நாடுகளாகப் பிரிந்திருந்தது. இவற்லறக் காலத்துக்குக்
காலம் பல அரச வம்சங்கள் ஆண
் டுவந்தன. இவற்றுள் முதன்லமயாகக்
குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவர்கள்,டவளிர்கள் பாண
் டியர், டசரர், டசாழர், பல்லவர்,
சாளுக்கியர், விஜய நகரத்தார், நாயக்கர் என் டபாராவர்.
டமடல குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட மதுலர, தற்கால மதுலரக்குத் பதற்டக
அலமந்திருந்து, பிற்காலத்தில் ஏற்பட்ட கடல்டகாளினால் முற்றாக
அழிந்து டபானதாகப் பழந்தமிழ் இலக்கியங்கள் வாயிலாக
அறியக்கிலடக்கின் றது. பாண
் டிய நாடு, கல்வியிலும், வணிகத்திலும்
சிறந்து விளங்கியது. தமிழகத்தின் மக்கள் அக்காலத்தின்
டபரரசுகளாகிய கிடரக்க, டராமப் டபரரசுகளுடன் வணிகத் பதாடர்பு
பகாண
் டிருந்தனர்.
அவ்வப்டபாது பல்லவர்களாலும், டசாழர்களாலும் அடக்கப்பட்டிருந்தாலும்
, தமிழ்நாட்டின் ஆற்றல் மிக்க அரச பரம்பலரகளில் ஒன
் றாகப் பாண
் டியர்
விளங்கினர்.
16. ESSAY WRITING:
Jammu and kashmir:
Jammu and Kashmir State constitutes the northern most extremity of India.
The state of Jammu and Kashmir is located between 32° 17’to 37° 06′ N latitude and 73° 26′
to 80° 30′ E longitude. Jammu and Kashmir is home to several valleys such as the Kashmir
Valley, Tawi Valley, Chenab Valley, Poonch Valley, Sind Valley and Lidder Valley. Jammu
and Kashmir is founded by Maharaja Ghulab Singh by integrating four regions viz. Jammu,
Ladakh, Kashmir and Gilgit. Jammu was one of the important principalities along with other
districts of Jammu region well before and during the earlier phase of Mughal rule. In
12th century A.D when Mohd. Gauri invaded India and over Punjab, Rajputs took refuge in
the mountainous tract of Jammu region and carved out separate estates which they rule as
independent sovereigns. After the disintegration of Mughal Kingdom, however, the rajas
recovered their strength and proclaimed their independence once again.
With the installation of Sikh rule in Punjab, however, Jammu and all other
adjoining areas were annexed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh with his territories. Mian Kishore
Singh who was the direct descendent of Raja Dhruv Dev, an earlier ruler of Jammu, held a
prominent and respectable position in the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh at Lahore. His son
Gulab Singh joined the army of Ranjit Singh while in teens and in course of time
distinguished himself as a gallant warrior and became an accredited lieutenant of Ranjit
Singh.
Jammu district is situated in the sub-mountainous region at the foot hills of the Himalayas. The
northern, north-eastern and north-western areas form a part of the Himalayan foot hills with
a number of low lying ridges, strike and transverse valleys. The hills, in general have their
southern slope comparatively gentler than the northern prominent hill scarps. The hills
gradually merge in the plains where topography is gently undulating and flat
17. TAMILNADU:
Tamil Nadu (Tamil: (listen)) is a state in southern India. Its capital
and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian
subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South
Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bounded by
the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri Mountains, the Meghamalai Hills,
and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and
the Palk Strait on the southeast, and by the Indian Ocean on the south. The state
shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka.
The region was ruled by several empires, including the three great empires –
Chera, Chola and Pandyan empires, which shape the region's cuisine, culture,
and architecture. After the fall of Kingdom of Mysore, the British Colonial rule during
the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai, then known as Madras, as a
metropolitan city. Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after
the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines. The state is home to a number of
historic buildings, multi-religious pilgrimage sites, hill stations and three World
Heritage sites.
Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth
largest by population. The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state
economy in India with ₹20.54 trillion (US$290 billion) in gross domestic product with
a per capita GDP of ₹243,189 (US$3,400). It ranks 11th among all Indian states
in human development index. Tamil Nadu is the most urbanised state in India, and
one of the most industrialised states; the manufacturing sector accounts for more
than one-third of the state's GDP. Its official language is Tamil which is one of the
longest-surviving classical languages in the world
18.
19. THE END
NAME: RAKESH S A
VIGNESHWARAN S
HARISH VEYLAN P
SACHEIN P
DARSHAN RAJIV T
CLASS : X – G
SCHOOL : VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS TNJ
