it's a topic of civil engineering. it describes about the telecommunication.

1. CIVILENGINEERING:INTRODUCTION,SOCIETALANDGLOBAL
IMPACT
NAME : RAJVIR KAUR
BRANCH : CIVIL D2 B1
URN : 2103990
CRN : 2114048
TOPIC : TELECOMMUNICATION NEED
SUBMITTED TO PROF. YUVRAJ SINGH

2. CONTENT
 TELECOMMUNICATION
 HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATION
 TELECOMMUNICATION TOWER
 TYPES OF TOWER
 CABLING AND ITS TYPES
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

3. TELECOMMUNICATION
 Telecommunication, also
known as telecom, is exchange of
Information over large distances
. It’s a broad term that includes
various sectors , but all includes
a transmitter and a receiver .
The internet is the large example
of telecoms , dwindling to
smaller wide area
networks(WANs) , telephone
, whatsApp messaging , emails ,
and broadcast networks ,

4. HISTORY IS
TELECOMM
UNICATIONS
 The word telecommunications comes from the
Greek prefix tele - , which means "distant" ,
combined with the Latin word Communicare,
which means "to share" .
 Important telecommunication technologies
include the telegraph, telephone, radio, Tv ,
videotelephony , satellites , closed computer
network and the public internet.
 The first telephone was invented by Alexander
Graham Bell in 1876 .

5. TELECOMM
UNICATIONS​
This early model required an interpreter , or telegrapher
, at both ends.
The first telephones were intercom systems ,
where to phones were connected directly.
In 1877 the invention of the switch
boards exchange telephone system enabled
any combination of two phone lines connect and talk
with each other . In 1891 the dial phones were
invented which by passed the need for an operator on
each call. This made it much quicker a easier to
make calls via telephones. In 1947 the transistor
was invented, which led to the development of
modern electronics such as computers and calculator.​​

6. TELECOMM
UNICATION
TOWER
6

7. WHATISTELECOMMUNICATIONTOWER
 Telecom towers are combination of steel
structures that are designed in order to
support antennas for telecommunication
and broadcasting , wireless ,
communication for the most part, such as
mobile networking , television antennas as
well as radio broadcasting is connected
through telecom towers.

8. TYPESOFTOWER
GUYED TOWER
LATTICE TOWER
MONOPOLE TOWER
CAMOUFLAGE TOWER
SELF-SUPPORTING TOWER
MOBILE CELL TOWER

9. CELL TOWER CAMOUFLAGE TOWER LATTICE TOWER
SELF SUPPORTING
TOWER
GUYED
TOWER
MOBILE TOWER

10. CABLING
ABOVE CABLING
GROUND CABLING

11.  An overhead cable is a cable for the
transmission of information, laid on utility poles.
These poles sometimes carry overhead power
lines for the supply of electric power. Power
supply companies may also use them for an
inhouse communication network. Sometimes
these cables are integrated in the ground or
power conductor. Otherwise an additional line is
strung on the masts. Cables are arranged on poles
with the most dangerous cables, that is, those
carrying power. Overhead cable systems also
include a number of different components for
managing signal cables. These include splicing
systems that allow multi-conductor cables for
distributing telephone signals.
ABOVE CABLING

12. ADVANTAGESOFABOVEGROUNDCABLING
1. Cost — Overhead’s
number one
advantage.
Significantly less cost,
especially initial cost.
2. Longer life — 30 to
50 years
3. Reliability —
Shorter outage
durations because of
faster fault finding
and faster repair.
4. Loading —
Overhead circuits can
more readily
withstand overloads.
5. Fault — The fault
or damage in
overhead lines can
easily locate.

13. DISADVANTAGESOFABOVEGROUNDCABLING
1. As it is exposed to the surrounding,
safety risk is high.
2. A continuous pathway for the line
creates obstructions.
3. Vulnerable to lightning strikes

14. UNDER GROUNDCABLING
 Undergrounding is the replacement of
overhead cables providing electric power or
telecommunications, with underground cables.
It demonstrates the higher technology in
developed countries for fire prevention and to
make the power lines less susceptible to outages
during high wind thunderstorms or heavy snow
or ice storms. An added benefit of
undergrounding is the aesthetic quality of the
landscape without the power lines.
Undergrounding can increase the initial costs of
electric power transmission and distribution but
may decrease operational costs over the lifetime
of the cables.

15. ADVANTAGESUNDERGROUNDCABLING
1. Aesthetics — Underground’s number one advantage.
Much less visual clutter.
2. Safety — Less chance for public contact.
3. Longer reach — Less voltage drop because reactance is
lower.
4. Safer from lightning.
5. It creates no obstructions

16. DISADVANTAGESUNDERGROUNDCABLING​
1. Installation process through various geographic areas has
high difficulties, because of ground excavation.
2. Underground transmission systems have a high cost of
maintenance. Because the line needs to dig up before any
repair activities and required to reinstall again.
3. High complication.

17. THANK YOU