2. Culture are those human-made aspects which are passed
down from one generation to another
Race is shared genetic make-up
Ethnicity are group designation based on nationality, culture,
language group, or a sense of belonging
Social Class are those ways in which society designates
standing it it based on wealth, educational level, income or
occupation
3. ● Values
● Motivations
● Speaking and Thinking
● Life Style
● Educational Level
● Income
● Class Status
Cultural Groups
4. ● Geographic Origin
● Assimilation Patterns
● Religion
● Age
● Linguistic Preferences
● Level of Acculturation
(Cultural Groups, con’t)
6. ● Some instruments produce results which
are indicative of culture, ethnicity, or
Class Status variables
Test Bias
7. pgs 129 - 130 in Sattler (2014)
● Family and Community
● Educational (see especially IDEA served)
● Achievement (view Asian trends & think about bias)
● Persistence (who are suspended & who
drops out)
● Student Behaviors
● Post secondary
Demographic and Educational Trends
8. ● Pre-literate society
● Level of extroversion
● Volume of speaking
■ Ensure that when gathering data that all aspects
of the culture are included as are the
temperament of the caregivers and students
● Poverty (parental stress: deficits in
parenting relationship, less supervision &
Inconsistent discipline)
Differences
9. “Poverty in and of itself is neither necessary nor sufficient to produce
intellectual deficits or psychological problems, especially if nutrition and
home environment are adequate. However, children are likely to have
intellectual deficits and psychological problems when they are exposed to any
of the following in addition to poverty: low level of parental education, poor
nutrition and health care, substandard housing, family disorganization,
inconsistent discipline, diminished sense of personal worth, low expectations,
frustrated aspirations, physical violence in the neighborhood, and other
environmental pressures. Our society needs to ensure that all children are
raised in an environment that will foster their growth and development. In
order for interventions to be most effective, we must strive to eliminate
poverty nationwide. When you work with children who are at the poverty
level, you may need to refer their parents to appropriate community agencies
for help.”
Poverty quote Sattler(p. 130)
10. ● Value Orientation of Americans (know
yours)
● Level of acculturation
■ Place of residences and SES in home country
■ Language
● Ethnic Identity
● ELLs
○ Understanding of cultural misunderstandings
Other topics in Chapter 4
11. ● Verbal communication
● Proxemics
● Kinesics
● Paralanguage (silence, expression of
feelings, questioning)
● Language considerations (140 - 141)
Chapter 4 topics (con’t)
12. ● “African American youth are more likely
to be diagnosed with externalizing
problems and psychotic disorders” p. 145
● Latino and Asian students “tend to
exhibit higher levels of affective
disorders” p. 145
More on Bias in Diagnosis Sattler, 2014
13. Standardization procedures
● Sample proportions
● Argument for pluralistic norms, but
lacks reliability and validity
● Item bias (crying or emotion)
● Method bias (types of question)
● Construct validity
● Criterion validity
More on Bias in Diagnosis Sattler, 2014 (con’
t)
15. ● Look at the examinee!
● Know your interpreter
● If you speak some Spanish, use it!
● Use numbers 8-15 if time permits and
your district or BOCES has no bilingual
team
Working with Interpreters
16. ● Thirteen-year-old African American male
● New to this middle school
● Externalizing behaviors and difficulties
with school
● Abandonment history
● Re-evaluated within 6-weeks of school to
have SLD and not SED
Case for tonight Part I
17. ● Read discipline history
● Read evaluations
○ What more do you need?
○ Do you agree with change in IDEA category
and services?
○ Do you see any escalations that concern
you?
○ Write up a good sentence about social
Tasks
