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INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD!
• Blood is a fluid connective tissue that consists
of plasma, blood cells and platelets.
• It circulates throughout our body delivering
oxygen and nutrients to various cells and
tissues.
• It makes up 8% of our body weight. An
average adult possesses around 5-6 litres of
blood.
• रक्त एक द्रव संयोजी ऊतक है जजसमें प्लाज्मा, रक्त
कोजिकाएं और प्लेटलेट्स होते हैं।
• यह हमारे पूरे िरीर में घूमता है और विविन्न
कोजिकाओं और ऊतकों को ऑक्सीजन और पोषक
तत्व पहंचाता है।
• यह हमारे शरीर क
े भार का 8% भाग बनाता है। एक
औसत वयस्क क
े पास लगभग 5-6 लीटर रक्त होता
है।
Types of Blood Cells
• Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)
• RBCs are biconcave cells without nucleus in
humans; also known as erythrocytes.
• RBCs contain the iron-rich protein called
haemoglobin; give blood its red colour.
• .Their main function is to transport oxygen from
and to various tissues and organs.
लाल रक्त कोजिकाएं (एररथ्रोसाइटट्स)
• आरबीसी मनुष्यों में क
ें द्रक(nucleus) क
े जबना
जिबीजपत्री कोजिकाएं हैं; एररथ्रयसाइट्स क
े रूप में िी
जाना जाता है।
• आरबीसी में आयरन युक्त प्रोटीन होता है जजसे
हीमोग्लोजबन कहा जाता है; रक्त कय उसका लाल रंग
दो।
• उनका मुख्य कायय ऑक्सीजन को जवजभन्न ऊतकों और
अंगों से और तक पहंचाना है।
White blood cells (Leucocytes)
• White blood cells (Leucocytes)
• Leucocytes are colourless blood cells.
• They are colourless because it is devoid of
haemoglobin.
• They are further classified as granulocytes and
agranulocytes.
• WBCs mainly contribute to immunity and defence
mechanism.
श्वेत रक्त कोजिकाएं
• ल्यूकोसाइटट्स रंगहीन रक्त कोजिकाएं हैं।
• ये रंगहीन हयते हैं क्योंवक इनमें हीमयग्लयवबन नहीों हयता
है।
• उन्हें आगे ग्रैन्यूलोसाइटट्स और एग्रानुलोसाइटट्स क
े
रूप में िगीक
ृ त वकया गया है।
• डब्ल्यूबीसी मुख्य रूप से प्रजतरक्षा और रक्षा तंत्र में
योगदान करते हैं।
Components Of Blood
• There are many cellular structures in the
composition of blood.
• When a sample of blood is spun in a centrifuge
machine, they separate into the following
constituents:
• Plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes.
• Thus blood contains RBC, WBC, platelets and
plasma.
Plasma
• The liquid state of blood can be contributed to plasma
as it makes up ~55% of blood.
• It is pale yellow in colour and when separated.
• Blood plasma consists of salts, nutrients, water and
enzymes.
• Blood plasma also contains important proteins and
other components necessary for overall health.
• Hence, blood plasma transfusions are given to
patients with liver failure and life-threatening injuries.
प्लाज्मा
• रक्त की तरल अिस्था कय प्लाज्मा में ययगदान वदया जा
सकता है क्योंवक यह रक्त का ~ 55% बनाता है।
• यह हल्क
े पीले रंग का होता है और अलग होने पर
होता है।
• रक्त प्लाज्मा में लवण, पोषक तत्व, पानी और एं जाइटम
होते हैं।
• रक्त प्लाज्मा में समग्र स्वास्थ्य क
े वलए आिश्यक
महत्वपूणण प्रोटीन और अन्य घटक भी होते हैं।
इसवलए, लीवर फ
े जलयर और जानलेवा चोटों वाले
रोजगयों को रक्त प्लाज्मा चढाया जाता है
Types of Blood Vessels
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
Arteries
• Arteries are strong tubes and muscular in nature. These blood
vessels carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all the
tissues of the body.
• Aorta is one of the main arteries that arise from the heart
and branches further.
• धमवनयाों प्रक
ृ वत में मजबूत ट्यूब और पेिी हैं। ये
रक्त वाजहकाएं हृदय से ऑक्सीजन युक्त रक्त
को िरीर क
े सभी ऊतकों तक ले जाती हैं।
महाधमनी मुख्य धमजनयों में से एक है जो हृदय
और िाखाओं से आगे जनकलती है
Veins
• Veins are elastic blood vessels which carry deoxygenated blood
from all parts of the body to the heart.
• The Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart from
the lungs and the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from
the placenta to the foetus.
• नसें लोचदार रक्त वाजहकाएं होती हैं जो िरीर क
े
सभी जहस्ों से ऑक्सीजन रजहत रक्त को हृदय
तक ले जाती हैं। पल्मयनरी वशरा ऑक्सीजन युक्त
रक्त को फ
े फडों से हृदय तक ले जाती है और
गभणनाल जिरा ऑक्सीजन युक्त रक्त को प्लेसेंटा से
भ्रूण तक ले जाती है।
Capillaries
• Capillaries
• On reaching tissues, arteries branch further into extremely thin
tubes called capillaries.
• Capillaries bring about the exchange of substances between blood
and tissues.
• ऊतकयों तक पहुँचने पर, धमजनयाुँ आगे जाकर अत्यजधक पतली नजलयों
में िाखा करती हैं जजन्हें क
े जिकाएुँ कहा जाता है। क
े जिकाएं रक्त और
ऊतकों क
े बीच पदार्थों का आदान-प्रदान करती हैं।
Layers of Blood Vessels
• Tunica Intima: It is one of the innermost and thinnest
layers of arteries and veins. It comprises endothelial
cells. They are in direct contact with the flow of blood.
• Tunica Media: It is the middle layer of an artery or vein.
Tunica media is made up of smooth muscle cells.
• Tunica Externa: It surrounds tunica media. It is made
up of collagen and is also supported by the elastic
lamina in arteries
Functions of Blood
• Fluid Connective Tissue
• Blood is a fluid connective tissue composed of 55% plasma and 45%
formed elements including WBCs, RBCs, and platelets. Since these living
cells are suspended in plasma, blood is known as a fluid connective tissue
and not just fluid.
• Provides oxygen to the cells
• Blood absorbs oxygen from the lungs and transports it to different cells of
the body. The waste carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs and
is exhaled.
• Transports Hormones and Nutrients
• The digested nutrients such as glucose, vitamins, minerals, and proteins are
absorbed into the blood through the capillaries in the villi lining the small
intestine.
•
Functions of Blood
• Homeostasis
• Blood helps to maintain the internal body
temperature by absorbing or releasing heat.
• Protection of the body against pathogens
• The White Blood Cells fight against infections. They
multiply rapidly during infections.

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INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD!.pptx

  • 1. INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD! • Blood is a fluid connective tissue that consists of plasma, blood cells and platelets. • It circulates throughout our body delivering oxygen and nutrients to various cells and tissues. • It makes up 8% of our body weight. An average adult possesses around 5-6 litres of blood.
  • 2. • रक्त एक द्रव संयोजी ऊतक है जजसमें प्लाज्मा, रक्त कोजिकाएं और प्लेटलेट्स होते हैं। • यह हमारे पूरे िरीर में घूमता है और विविन्न कोजिकाओं और ऊतकों को ऑक्सीजन और पोषक तत्व पहंचाता है। • यह हमारे शरीर क े भार का 8% भाग बनाता है। एक औसत वयस्क क े पास लगभग 5-6 लीटर रक्त होता है।
  • 3. Types of Blood Cells • Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) • RBCs are biconcave cells without nucleus in humans; also known as erythrocytes. • RBCs contain the iron-rich protein called haemoglobin; give blood its red colour. • .Their main function is to transport oxygen from and to various tissues and organs.
  • 4. लाल रक्त कोजिकाएं (एररथ्रोसाइटट्स) • आरबीसी मनुष्यों में क ें द्रक(nucleus) क े जबना जिबीजपत्री कोजिकाएं हैं; एररथ्रयसाइट्स क े रूप में िी जाना जाता है। • आरबीसी में आयरन युक्त प्रोटीन होता है जजसे हीमोग्लोजबन कहा जाता है; रक्त कय उसका लाल रंग दो। • उनका मुख्य कायय ऑक्सीजन को जवजभन्न ऊतकों और अंगों से और तक पहंचाना है।
  • 5. White blood cells (Leucocytes) • White blood cells (Leucocytes) • Leucocytes are colourless blood cells. • They are colourless because it is devoid of haemoglobin. • They are further classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes. • WBCs mainly contribute to immunity and defence mechanism.
  • 6. श्वेत रक्त कोजिकाएं • ल्यूकोसाइटट्स रंगहीन रक्त कोजिकाएं हैं। • ये रंगहीन हयते हैं क्योंवक इनमें हीमयग्लयवबन नहीों हयता है। • उन्हें आगे ग्रैन्यूलोसाइटट्स और एग्रानुलोसाइटट्स क े रूप में िगीक ृ त वकया गया है। • डब्ल्यूबीसी मुख्य रूप से प्रजतरक्षा और रक्षा तंत्र में योगदान करते हैं।
  • 7. Components Of Blood • There are many cellular structures in the composition of blood. • When a sample of blood is spun in a centrifuge machine, they separate into the following constituents: • Plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes. • Thus blood contains RBC, WBC, platelets and plasma.
  • 8.
  • 9. Plasma • The liquid state of blood can be contributed to plasma as it makes up ~55% of blood. • It is pale yellow in colour and when separated. • Blood plasma consists of salts, nutrients, water and enzymes. • Blood plasma also contains important proteins and other components necessary for overall health. • Hence, blood plasma transfusions are given to patients with liver failure and life-threatening injuries.
  • 10. प्लाज्मा • रक्त की तरल अिस्था कय प्लाज्मा में ययगदान वदया जा सकता है क्योंवक यह रक्त का ~ 55% बनाता है। • यह हल्क े पीले रंग का होता है और अलग होने पर होता है। • रक्त प्लाज्मा में लवण, पोषक तत्व, पानी और एं जाइटम होते हैं। • रक्त प्लाज्मा में समग्र स्वास्थ्य क े वलए आिश्यक महत्वपूणण प्रोटीन और अन्य घटक भी होते हैं। इसवलए, लीवर फ े जलयर और जानलेवा चोटों वाले रोजगयों को रक्त प्लाज्मा चढाया जाता है
  • 11. Types of Blood Vessels • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries
  • 12. Arteries • Arteries are strong tubes and muscular in nature. These blood vessels carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all the tissues of the body. • Aorta is one of the main arteries that arise from the heart and branches further. • धमवनयाों प्रक ृ वत में मजबूत ट्यूब और पेिी हैं। ये रक्त वाजहकाएं हृदय से ऑक्सीजन युक्त रक्त को िरीर क े सभी ऊतकों तक ले जाती हैं। महाधमनी मुख्य धमजनयों में से एक है जो हृदय और िाखाओं से आगे जनकलती है
  • 13. Veins • Veins are elastic blood vessels which carry deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body to the heart. • The Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs and the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the foetus. • नसें लोचदार रक्त वाजहकाएं होती हैं जो िरीर क े सभी जहस्ों से ऑक्सीजन रजहत रक्त को हृदय तक ले जाती हैं। पल्मयनरी वशरा ऑक्सीजन युक्त रक्त को फ े फडों से हृदय तक ले जाती है और गभणनाल जिरा ऑक्सीजन युक्त रक्त को प्लेसेंटा से भ्रूण तक ले जाती है।
  • 14. Capillaries • Capillaries • On reaching tissues, arteries branch further into extremely thin tubes called capillaries. • Capillaries bring about the exchange of substances between blood and tissues. • ऊतकयों तक पहुँचने पर, धमजनयाुँ आगे जाकर अत्यजधक पतली नजलयों में िाखा करती हैं जजन्हें क े जिकाएुँ कहा जाता है। क े जिकाएं रक्त और ऊतकों क े बीच पदार्थों का आदान-प्रदान करती हैं।
  • 15. Layers of Blood Vessels • Tunica Intima: It is one of the innermost and thinnest layers of arteries and veins. It comprises endothelial cells. They are in direct contact with the flow of blood. • Tunica Media: It is the middle layer of an artery or vein. Tunica media is made up of smooth muscle cells. • Tunica Externa: It surrounds tunica media. It is made up of collagen and is also supported by the elastic lamina in arteries
  • 16. Functions of Blood • Fluid Connective Tissue • Blood is a fluid connective tissue composed of 55% plasma and 45% formed elements including WBCs, RBCs, and platelets. Since these living cells are suspended in plasma, blood is known as a fluid connective tissue and not just fluid. • Provides oxygen to the cells • Blood absorbs oxygen from the lungs and transports it to different cells of the body. The waste carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs and is exhaled. • Transports Hormones and Nutrients • The digested nutrients such as glucose, vitamins, minerals, and proteins are absorbed into the blood through the capillaries in the villi lining the small intestine. •
  • 17. Functions of Blood • Homeostasis • Blood helps to maintain the internal body temperature by absorbing or releasing heat. • Protection of the body against pathogens • The White Blood Cells fight against infections. They multiply rapidly during infections.