This document discusses syrups, elixirs, and mixtures. Syrups are defined as sweet, viscous, concentrated aqueous solutions of sucrose containing 66.7% w/w of sugar. They typically contain sugar, preservatives, flavors, and colorants. Elixirs are clear, sweetened, and flavored hydroalcoholic liquid preparations for oral use containing ethyl alcohol, water, glycerin, flavorings, and colorings. Mixtures are liquid preparations for oral administration that dissolve, suspend, or disperse medicaments in a suitable vehicle. The document discusses the types, methods of preparation, challenges in formulation, and evaluation of these oral liquid dosage forms. It also

1. By,
Mr. Ranjit B. Thavare*
B. Pharm, Last year
Yashwantrao Bhonsale Collage of Pharmacy,
Sawantwadi.
01
07-09-2021

2. SYRUPS MIXTURES ELIXIRS
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3. SYRUPS
SYRUPS
Introduction:-
Introduction:-
Definition:-
Types of Syrups:-
"Syrup is sweet, viscous, concentrated or
nearly saturated aqueous solution of sucrose
containing 66.7%w/w of sugar"
Most syrups contain the following components in
addition to purified water and any medicinal agents:
1. Sugar, usually sucrose or sugar substitutes that
are used to provide sweetness and viscosity.
2. Antimicrobial preservatives.
3. Flavors.
4. Colorants.
1. Simple syrup
2. Medicated syrups
3. Non-medicated syrups
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4. I. Solution with heat
II. Agitation without heat
III. Addition of sucrose to liquid
medicament
IV. Percolation method
METHOD OF PREPARATION
METHOD OF PREPARATION:-
:-
The choice of a particular method
depends on the physical and chemical
characteristics of the substance
being used.
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5. Contd...
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6. Formation of invert syrup.
Can't avoid first pass metabolism.
Delayed onset of action because
absorption takes time.
The herbal syrup was evaluated for various
parameters such as physical appearance
(color, odor, taste), pH, weight per ml and
viscosity10. Stability study of herbal syrup
was carried out at different temperature and
at relative humidity11-
Challenges &
Evaluation
in formulation
methodology
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CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
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7. Livclear Herbal Syrup
It is an effective Ayurvedic medicine for all the
Liver disorders. Livclear Herbal Syrup revitalizes
the liver, protects the loss of functional integrity of
the cell membrane & ensures early restoration of
hepatocytes in various hepatic disorders
Ingredients:
Dosage:
Benefits of Herbal Liver Syrup:
Bhumi amla, Katuki, Kalmegh, Makoy,
Punarnava, Kasni, Sharpunkha, Bhringraj & Neem.
1 to 2 tsf twice a day after food with normal
water/as directed by the Ayurvedic Consultant.
1. Improves the functions of the liver.
2. Detoxification and protection from
harmful food and toxins.
MARKETED PREPARATION:-
MARKETED PREPARATION:-
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8. 02 ELIXIRS
ELIXIRS
Introduction:-
Introduction:-
Definition:-
Types of Elixirs:-
"Elixirs are clear, sweetened and
flavored hydro alcoholic liquid preparation
intended for oral use."
The main ingredients of elixirs are ethyl
alcohol (5-40%), water, glycerin or propylene
glycol, flavoring agents, coloring agents and
some suitable preservative
1. Medicated elixir
2. Non-medicated elixir
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9. Preparation
of Elixirs
Elixirs are usually prepared by simple solution
with agitation and/or by admixture of two or
more liquid ingredients.
Then the aqueous solution is added to the
alcoholic solution to maintain the highest
possible alcoholic strength at all times so that
minimal separation of the alcohol-soluble
components occurs.
When the two solutions are completely mixed,
Frequently the final mixture will be
the mixture is made to volume with the
specified solvent or vehicle.
cloudy because of separation of
some of the flavoring oils by the
reduced alcoholic concentration.
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10. Alcohol increases the saline taste of bromides
etc. so the formulator has to seek some other
solvent during these conditions
If an aqueous solution is added to an elixir, a
partial precipitation of ingredients may occur.
This is due to the reduced alcoholic content of
the final preparation.
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Challenges &
Evaluation
in formulation
methodology
CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
Determination of alcohol concentration.
Viscosity measurement.
Method I: U Tube Viscometer.
Method II: Capillary Tube Viscometer.
Method III: Rotating Viscometer.
Method IV: Concentric Cylinder Viscometer.
Method V: Cone Plate Viscometer.
Method VI: Relative Viscometer.

11. Cureveda Digest Elixir
Helps to improve digestion & appetite and
provide relief in stomachache, dyspepsia,
gaseous, discomfort, heaviness in abdomen,
flatulence, eating disorders.
How To Use
3 teaspoonful with half a cup of water twice a
day after meals or as advised by the physician.
for best results continue for 3 months.
pregnant & lactating women should consult
their physician
MARKETED PREPARATION:-
MARKETED PREPARATION:-
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12. Marketed
Marketed Preparation
Preparation:-
:-
Contd...
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13. 03 MIXTURES
MIXTURES
Introduction:-
Introduction:-
Definition:-
Advantages:
Types of Mixtures:-
"A mixture is a liquid preparation for oral
administration in which medicaments are
dissolved, suspended or dispersed in suitable
vehicle."
1) Easy to administer
2) Suitable for insoluble drugs
3) More bioavailability
1.Mixture containing soluble substances.
2.Mixture containing diffusible substances.
3.Mixture containing indiffusible substances.
4.Mixture containing precipitate forming liquid.
5.Mixture containing slightly soluble liquid.
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14. Preparation of Mixtures
Preparation of Mixtures
Finely powder the drug in a mortar. Add any soluble
drug and mix.
Measure ¾ of the vehicle. Make a smooth cream by
using a portion of the vehicle and then add the
remaining portion of the measured vehicle.
Transfer the content of mortar into a measure.
Rinse the mortar with a little of vehicle and transfer
it into a measure.
Add any liquid ingredient.
Add more of vehicle to produce the required volume.
Transfer the mixture to the dispensing bottle, cork ,
label and dispense. Apply the secondary labels as
“ Shake the bottle well before use”.
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15. Maintain stability of preparation as it
contains diffusible, indiffusible
substances.
Maintain balance between substances
and minimize incompatibility of
preparation.
Expensive techniques used to
formulate
Bulky to carry
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Challenges
in formulation
methodology

16. Zahara Herbal Mixture
Great herbal product for the management of
sexually transmitted infections. It is made from
our local herbs.
Alchornea cordifolia
Anthocleista nobilis
Adults: Take 75ml three times daily before
meals
Children: Take 30ml before meals three
Store in a cool dry place away from
Ingredients:-
Dosage:-
times daily or consult your Doctor
Storage:-
sunlight and out of reach of children
MARKETED PREPARATION:-
MARKETED PREPARATION:-
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17. Goswami, Priyanka Kantivan, and Rashmi
S. Srivastava. "Development and
evaluation of herbal syrup from root
extract of Nothosaerva brachiata &
Gomphrena celosiodies." International
Journal of Research in Pharmacy and
Chemistry 6.3 (2016): 473-475.
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C
Referances
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02 GPHC, Jamunamarathur, and T. V. Malai.
"Challenges, Constraints & Opportunities
in Herbal Medicines–A Review."
03 ''The Theory And Practice of Industrial
Pharmacy'' By, Leon Lachman, Herbert
A. Lieberman, Joseph L. Kanig.

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