Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel and is used for power generation and domestic needs. There are different types of coal depending on depth and heat exposure, and important coalfields are located in Jharia, Raniganj, and Bokaro. Petroleum provides fuel and raw materials for industries while petroleum refineries support other industries. Major production areas are in Mumbai High, Gujarat, and Assam. Natural gas is a clean energy resource used primarily in power, fertilizer industries, and as a vehicle fuel, with large reserves located in the Krishna-Godavari basin.

3. COAL
• 1. It is the most abundantly available fossil fuel.
• 2. It is used for power generation, to supply energy to
the industry as well as for domestic needs.
• 3. Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with
high moisture content.
• 4. Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to
increased temperatures is bituminous coal.
• 5. Anthracite is the highest quality of hard coal.
• 6. Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are important coalfields.

4. PETROLEUM
• 1. It provides fuel for heat and lighting,
lubricants for machinery and raw materials for
a number of manufacturing industries.
• 2. Petroleum refineries act as a “nodal
industry” for synthetic textile, fertiliser and
numerous chemical industries.
• 3. Mumbai High, Gujarat and Assam are major
petroleum production areas in India.

5. NATURAL GAS
• 1. Natural gas is an important clean energy
resource. It is considered an environment-
friendly fuel.
• 2. The power and fertilizer industries are the
key users of natural gas.
• 3. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG ) is used in
vehicles to replace liquid fuels.
• 4. Large reserves of natural gas have been
discovered in the Krishna-Godavari basin

8. GAIL

9. PNGRB