Phantom limb pain is the perception of pain or discomfort in a limb that is no longer there. It most commonly occurs after amputation. The document discusses the origin, treatment, and medication options for phantom limb pain. Non-medication treatments include acupuncture, massage, and mirror therapy, while medications include acetaminophen, NSAIDs, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain levels and allow patients to resume normal activities. Further research is being done into cortical reorganization in the brain as a potential cause of phantom limb pain.

1. TOPIC NAME:-PNS
ORIGIN OF PHANTOM
LIMB PAIN
Presented by :-Apsar hussain
Raunak shabrin
Abdullah shifan
Reporter：*** Date：2019.4

2. DESCRIPTION
01
Phantom limb pain is the perception of
pain or discomfort in a limb that is no
longer there. PLP most commonly
presents as a sequela of amputation.
The underlying pathophysiology remains
poorly understood. The condition should
be differentiated from other related
clinical conditions such as residual limb
pain, which was formerly called "stump
pain" and is pain that originates from the
actual site of the amputated limb that
tends to resolve with wound healing.

3. AIM
1.To identify what is the origin of Phantom
limb pain
2.Treatment of Phantom limb pain
3.Medication of Phantom limb
pain
4.And the results of
Phantom limb Pain

6. TWO METHODS
Medications for Phantom
Limb Pain
Acetaminophen and non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs)
Opioids (narcotic pain
medications)
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Beta-blockers
Muscle relaxants.
There are many different
categories of medications that
can decrease your pain. Each of
them is thought to work on
different kinds of pain
sensations. The categories of
some of the medications you
might be given include:

7. Non-Medication Treatments
for Phantom Limb Pain
Alternative/complementary
therapies can be helpful for
the reduction of PLP. These
include:
Acupuncture
Massage of the residual
limb
Use of a shrinker
Repositioning of the
residual limb by propping
on a pillow or cushion
Mirror box therapy
Biofeedback
TENS (transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation)
Virtual reality therapy
Imagery
Music.

8. RESULT
Some of these medications work best if
taken in combination with other medications
and if given at certain times of the day. The
antidepressants typically used work best if
given at bedtime, and are often taken at the
same time as the anticonvulsants. Finding
the right medications – with the fewest side
effects – will require you and your healthcare
provider to work closely together.

9. most people after amputation surgery. Symptoms
generally improve over time.
Your phantom limb pain/sensation can be
managed so that it does not overwhelm your life.
The goal of pain management is to reduce pain
levels to allow you to get you back to living and
enjoying life again.
Work closely with your healthcare team to create
and maintain the pain management plan that
works for you.
When possible, avoid things that trigger your
phantom limb pain/sensation.

10. SUGGESTIONS
Studies suggest that mirror therapy can help
ease phantom pain. During this therapy, you
view the intact limb in a mirror while doing
movement exercises for about 20 minutes a
day. The reflection tricks the brain into
thinking there are two healthy limbs.
Over time, the brain encodes this information.
You may need to repeat the exercises for
your pain to diminish. Since the brain doesn’t
think the limb is missing, it doesn’t feel pain
in the phantom limb. A physical therapist can
help you master this exercise.

11. Conclusion
Phantom limb pain is the perception of
pain or discomfort in a limb that is no
longer there. PLP most commonly
presents as a sequela of amputation.
Spinal Cord Changes
In the spinal cord, a process called central
sensitization occurs. Central sensitization is
a process where neural activity increases,
the neuronal receptive field expands, and the
nerves become hypersensitive.

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Over the past few years, there has
been significant research into
cortical reorganization and is a
commonly cited factor in phantom
limb pain. During this process, the
areas of the cortex that represent the
amputated area are taken over by
the neighboring regions in both the
primary somatosensory and the
motor cortex.

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17. 20XX
THANK YOU！
Enter text here
Reporter：*** Date：2019.4