Cell organelles include the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and ribosomes. Each organelle has a specific function such as the plasma membrane acting as a selective barrier and cell adhesion, the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizing and transferring proteins, and the Golgi apparatus modifying proteins after translation. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell producing energy through cellular respiration.

1. Cell Ultrastructure
Dr. Romeo Teves

4. Table 3.1: Cell organelles and functionsviva
Cell organelles Functions Remarks/characteristics
Plasma membrane Selective barrier, cell adhesion Bilipid layer
rER Synthesis and transfer of proteins to Golgi complex Flattened sheets with attached ribosomes
sER Lipid and steroid metabolism Flattened sheets without ribosomes
Golgi apparatus Posttranslational modification of proteins Flattened sheets
Secretory vesicles Transport and storage of secretory proteins Small membrane-bound vesicles
Mitochondria Power house of cell
Outer and inner membranes
Inner membrane shows cristae (folds)
Lysosomes Disintegration of phagocytosed material Membrane-bound vesicles
Peroxisomes Oxidation of fatty acids, detoxification Membrane-bound vesicles
Ribosomes Protein synthesis Have 40S and 60S subunits