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Tribhuvan University
Amrit Campus
Internship Report
On
“Wireless Network Analysis”
At
LUMBINI NET PVT LTD
Under the supervision of
Mr. Binod Kumar Adhikari
Lecturer
Amrit Campus
Submitted by
Pradip Sapkota (Roll No. 1062/068)
Submitted to
Amrit Campus
Deprtment of Computer Science
Affiliated to Tribhuvan University
Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal
February 22, 2016

Wireless Network Analysis
CSC-452
An internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and
Information Technology.
Submitted by
Pradip Sapkota (TU Roll No. 1062/068)
Submitted to
Amrit Campus
Department of Computer Science
Affiliated to Tribhuvan University
Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal
February 2016

MENTOR’S RECOMMENDATION
This is to certify that Mr. Pradip Sapkota has completed his internship work
at Lumbini Net Pvt Ltd under our supervision. I hereby recommend that this
internship report prepared under my supervision by him entitled “Wireless Network
Analysis” be processed for evaluation as fulfilling in partial requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information Technology. In
my best knowledge this is an original work in Computer Science by him.
Date:
….............................................
Mr. Suchit Paudel
Support Engineer
Lumbini Net Pvt Ltd

SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION
I hereby recommend that this internship report prepared under my supervision
by Pradip Sapkota entitled “Wireless Network Analysis” is accepted as fulfilling in
partial requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science and Information
Technology. In my best knowledge this is an original work in computer science by
him.
Date:
…………………………………………..
Lecturer
Amrit Campus
(Internship Supervisor)

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
Date: 2072/11/10
The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department of
Computer Science for acceptance, an internship reported entitled “Wireless Network
Analysis” submitted by Pradip Sapkota (TU Roll No. 1062/068) in partial fulfillment
for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information
Technology.
………………………………….
Supervisor/Lecturer
Amrit Campus
…………………………………..
Mr. Nawraj Poudel
External Examiner
Tribhuvan University
……………………………………
Head
Department of CSIT
Amrit Campus

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepest sense of gratitude and sincere
thanks to Mr. Binod Kumar Adhikari (Supervisor/ Head of CSIT department) for
his guidance, encouragement and help for completing this work. His useful
suggestions for this whole work and co-operative behaviors are sincerely
acknowledged.
I am also very thankful to Mr. Suchit Paudel, Najeen Nepali and all other respected
staffs of Lumbini Net Pvt Ltd for providing me an opportunity to carry out the
internship and for their constant support and guidance. I would like to express my
sincere thanks to all the member of Department of CSIT for wholehearted support.
At the end I would like to express my sincere thanks to all my friends and others who
helped me directly or indirectly during this project.
Pradip Sapkota
T.U Exam Roll No: 1062/068
Amrit Campus
Kathmandu, Nepal
i

ABSTRACT
An internship is required for the partial fulfillment of the degree of the Bachelor of
Science in Computer Science and Information Technology (Bsc CSIT). I started my
internship work at Lumbini Net Pvt Ltd as network support representative from the
date 15 April 2015 to 16 July 2015.
My internship is carried out under the supervision of Mr. Suchit Paudel
Network Engineer at Lumbini Net Pvt. Ltd.
Lumbini Net Pvt Ltd is a technology rich company with proven products
solutions. It provides the Internet facilities to other business organizations, small
offices and home users, etc. During my internship I performed various tasks assigned
to me.
During, my intern period, the work assigned was related to wireless antenna,
Internet connection, router configuration and other device configuration. Through my
internship I also get familiar with wireless device configuration and installation, new
connection, etc.
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CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATION vii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction to Internship 1
1.2 Background 1
1.3 Statement of Problem and Objectives 1
1.4 Methodology 2
CHAPTER 2: BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Objectives 6
CHAPTER 3: BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIGATION 7
3.1 About Organization 7
3.2 Organizational Structure of Lumbininet 9
3.3 Enviornmental Factor Analysis 10
CHAPTER 4: ACTIVITIES DONE 11
4.1 Existing System Analysis 11
4.1.1 I-talk 11
4.1.2 Broadband Internet Connection 12
4.1.3 Product and Services 13
4.1.3.1 Lumbini Net Services 13
 CABLE ZOOOM 13
 WI-ZOOOM 14
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 FIBER ZOOOM 14
4.1.3.2 Creating a Network Connection 15
4.1.4 Creating the Wireless Connection 20
4.1.4.1 Setting up Tp-link Router 22
4.1.4.2 Configuration of Devices 23
4.2 Configuration 24
4.2.1 #AP 1 Setup 24
4.2.2 #AP 2 Setup 26
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM TESTING 28
5.1 Ping 28
5.2 Tracert 28
5.3 Netstat 28
5.4 Nslookup 28
5.5 System monitoring 28
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 30
6.1 Problem Faced 30
6.2 Lesson Learnt 30
6.3 Conclusion 30
REFERENCES 31
iv

LIST OF TABLES
Table No Table Page No
Table 1 Tariffs List 13
v

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Figure Page No.
Fig 1 Organizational structure of Lumbini Net a
Fig 2 Select network option b
Fig 3 Network and Sharing center c
Fig 4 Creating broadband connection d
Fig 5 Providing username and password e
Fig 6 Wireless repeater f
Fig 7 UBNT device configuration page g
vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATION
AP Access Point
CSIT Computer Science and Information Technology
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS Domain Name Server
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GB Gigabyte
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
ISP Internet Service Provider
LAN Local Area connection
PVT Private
LTD Limited
MC Media Converter
NAT Network Address Translation
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
WAN Wide Area Network
WLAN Wireless Local Area Connection
WWW World Wide Web
vii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1Introduction to Internship
This internship project is conducted for partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Science
in Computer Science and Information Technology (Bsc CSIT) degree awarded by Tribhuvan
University about the field, market exposure, and helps to identify the potential career
opportunities. Internship project is good for students to understand real world implication of
sound academic knowledge gained in college. The internship has given us the real world
exposure to the professional life and shown us the wider exploration of the career
opportunities in information technology.
This internship as per the requirement of the TU for the CSIT not only fulfills that
very requirement but has also developed me personally by getting myself acquainted with
how the ISP business environments run and to learn different aspects of working mechanism
that prevail in the organizations. During this internship period I was introduced to the
organizational structure, professional world. I was the trainee staff to organization as the field
and system support.
1.2 Background
Documentation is the essential part of the software development life cycle from the
software requirement life cycle, design document, test manual and user manual. All are
important in software development process, so that the rest of the team member or new
member or even the user does not have to depend on the programmer for the oral history of
the software. I fulfilled that responsibility as the technical writer. Apart from that during the
internship period, we are able to know different aspect of real world networking.
1.3Statement of the Problem and Objective
ISPs play a central role in the development of e-commerce and use of the Internet.
Presently, the majority of the people use an ISP to access the Internet. The main business of
an ISP is to provide its customer with connection to the Internet. So far as the customer is
concerned, he or she wants to be able to dial into ISP and get connected without getting
engaged tone. They also want a fast service and will not necessarily recognize that the speed
with which they can download information will be governed by their own connection and
equipment.
No one can control all of the interconnections between the various networks, and any
network failure may be outside the control of the ISP. An ISP needs to make sure that in its
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terms and conditions it makes it clear that it does not give any guarantee that the service it
provides will be uninterrupted or error free. Where the services are being provided to
consumers free of charge or for only a relatively small fee, then such a clause will probably
suffice. When ISP is hosting commercial website and is being paid to do so, its customers
will often expect more comprehension guarantee in some form of service level agreement.
Typically this will be expressed as being the percentage of time which the server on
which the website is hosted will be available for access via Internet. When considering a
service level agreement, it is particularly important to bear in mind two things. First, that
allowance should be made for any planned downtime for maintenance of the server, which
should be excluded from the calculation of the time during which the server is unavailable.
Second, it is not possible for anyone to guarantee a 100% connection success rate. However,
depending on the period over which availability is to be calculated, the percentage will most
likely be in the range of 98%-99.9%. An effective service level agreement will usually
contain a provision for a rebate of part of the fees paid to the ISP and the right to terminate
the agreement if the service levels are not achieved. Another big issue for ISPs is that of
bandwidth. At the moment bandwidth is very expensive.
It is important that in its terms and conditions an ISP limits the amount of bandwidth
that its customers can use at any one time. Where an ISP is providing a free service, it will
want to be able to restrict the availability of bandwidth for any particular customer. Where a
customer is paying an ISP to host its website, it is essential that the ISP clearly sets out in its
agreement how much bandwidth will be available for that customer and reserves the right to
charge for any additional bandwidth which is used over and above that provided for in the
agreement.
Dealing with customers, most ISPs will have two distinct categories of customers,
namely consumer and business customers. In many respects, the issues, which arise in
relation to each category, are the same, although it should be borne in the mind that
consumers have additional layers of protection under English law, Scots law and European
law.
1.4 Methodology
1.4.1 Organizational Selection
The four-year degree of Bsc CSIT allows us to attain knowledge on various topics of
Information Technology. At the same time the internship is one of the major highlight of the
program to expose the students to the professional world. Among the various criteria and
sectors provided to us in internship pre-requisite statement, Networking was chosen. Various
organizations were shortlisted and approached out of which the organization with the best
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lucrative offer and environment was selected. I selected Lumbini Net Pvt. Ltd as my intern
organization.
1.4.2 Placement
During the internship period, I was provided with workspace at the organization, not
only that I was treated as trainee staff with the access to very information of the organization,
its resources, information and equipment.
1.4.3 Duration
Starting Date: 15 – Apr - 2015
Ending week: 16 – jul - 2015
Total Duration: 90 Days
1.4.4 Activities
During the internship period I was assigned several jobs to do from field support to
system environment. My mentor assigned me the job. We know the ISP is client oriented
company provides Internet connection to the customers; the company is always of the
customer’s connection. It is possible that certain connection is broke down due to some
environmental factor so that the clients are facing problems in accessing Internet. Whenever
the clients call for Internet problems to the company I along with my respected senior field
staffs go to the client point to solve their problems.
Sometime the problem is due to mis-crimping of Internet cable or sometime is to
mis-configure connection and our job is to solve these problems. Often, the client visit the
company to setup new connection to their place, in that case also I along with my seniors go
to the client point to setup new connection. There we have to configure the client point, do
appropriate cabling, setting up new wireless device etc.
The basis of the relationship for doing business with a customer is contractual. It is
important that the customer is made aware of the provisions of the relevant terms and
conditions before the ISP begins providing its services. If no terms are agreed with a
customer, then it may be possible to imply certain terms to agreement. However, it is much
better for all concerned for there to be certainty as to terms upon which the services are to be
provided. A typical ISP will need to ensure it has clear terms and conditions for one or more
of the following services:
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o Dial-up accounts for consumers (this will often be free service including the
provisions of email services).
o Dial-up accounts for businesses.
An ISP’s terms and conditions need to be clear, need to deal with all the
necessary issues and properly incorporated into any agreement that it enters into with its
customers. In addition to provisions dealing with bandwidth and availability, you will also
need to ensure that you have clear terms limiting your liability and also incorporating an
authorized use policy. The purpose of the authorized use policy is to ensure that, so far as
possible, all of the obligations to ensure that a site is lawful and complies with all necessary
regulations are placed on the owner of the site. The authorized use policy will set out the
basis upon which an ISP is willing to provide a service and will be used to protect the ISP
against liability for the third party material and for any loss of data. The authorized use policy
will impose certain obligations on users, for example, to ensure that they have obtained all
the necessary third party consents and licenses for the material which they include on their
website and to ensure that all the material on their site is lawful. With regard to the
difficulties which an ISP may face with regards to unlawful material an ISP may wish to
include terms relating to the email accounts and, in particular, what those accounts can be
used for and whether the ISP may remove emails stored on the server from time to time in
order to free up space on that server. As the world of the Internet is moving so quickly, it is
sensible for an ISP to include so that any such amendments are clearly bought to the attention
of the customer and are properly incorporated into the agreement with the ISP before taking
effect.
The major objective was to know about how networking is done in real world. We
study different subject materials throughout the entire course. Internship provides the
platform to implement those concepts in real scenario. Through internship period I knew
several networking issue. Sometime it is difficult to solve problems without having
experience in related fields.
Some of the objective of internship is as follows:
o Configuration of wireless devices as per the requirement.
o Setting up Internet connection.
o Troubleshooting Internet connection.
o Identifying the working principle of the Internet.
o Securing Internet connection.
o Blocking of unwanted incoming connection.
o Dividing the available bandwidth among customers.
o Setting up client to connect with the Internet.
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CHAPTER 2: BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY
The Internet Service Provider’s Association of Nepal (ISPAN) is a non-profit
organization committed to advocate and support a healthy Internet Industry in the country.
ISPAN believes an open, competitive marketplace for Internet access and services benefits
the Internet service industry and the people it serves.
2.1 Introduction
The ISPAN was set up in 1998 with a mission to develop and promote Internet for
everyone. ISPAN had originally started activities when ISPs like Mercantile, World link,
CCSL, HTP, ENET, came together with the purpose of making Internet affordable to local
communities and penetrate in the rural areas. ISPAN has been initiating continuous dialogues
with the Ministry of the Information and Communication, Nepal Telecommunication
Authority, Nepal Telecommunications. ISPAN has been fighting and exercising the right to
obtain timely and quality infrastructure and resources to enable High Quality Services to be
delivered by the Internet Service Licenses. ISPAN have since then been at the forefront of
bringing about changes in the Internet policy, through regular interaction with various
Government Departments, other Industry Associations and Media. ISPAN works closely with
NTC and various other organizations and it is our constant endeavor to take up and resolve
various issues that affect implementation of the ISP’s projects. Thus, ISPAN seeks
opportunities to encourage and promote the use of Internet and IT enabled services, such as
E-commerce, E-governance, Health Care and Distance Learning, etc. Additionally, ISPAN is
playing significant role in obtaining Tax exemption for any Internet related services and
subsidizing dial-in rates for Internet users. Internet Services and Network Service Providers
in Nepal have been paying 4% royalty and 2% RTDF on the gross revenue. Though the
government has pronounced IT Industry as priority service and sector, ISPs and NSPs are still
under the economic and financial pressure from Nepal Government. It would not be an
overstatement that it is primarily due to the efforts of ISPAN, that Internet penetration has
been successful in remote areas of Nepal.
Has there been good infrastructure of telephony system, we would have been
successful in providing at least email connectivity in each VDC of Nepal. ISPAN continues
its endeavor to take up various issues that affect the implementation of the ISP’s projects and
monitor the policies related to Internet Industry through interaction with the Government,
other Industry Associations and national/international bodies, etc. It is due to constant
interaction with international bodies and agencies; we have been successful to establish
Internet Exchange in Nepal. The exchange has connected all ISPs in Nepal thereby
facilitating users to have faster Internet access for locally hosted sites and locally available
services within Nepal. Moreover, the Exchange has reduced the high bandwidth utilization of
local ISPs thereby providing relief on the bandwidth payment structure, which has to be paid
to foreign companies in US dollars.
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2.2 Objectives
The Internet is certainly one of the major processes in Nepal today. In fact it is being
universally recognized that as the Internet proliferates, so will E-commerce and E-
Governance and E-Business and other E-services. It is, therefore, in our National interest to
boost the expansion of the Internet services in the country. This will not only help our country
to become a part of emerging global E-economy, but alsowill also enable to progressively and
proactively analyze and understand the issues and concerns of Internet Industry and address
them through sharing of information and discussion from various platforms available. Some
of the objectives we have targeted are:
 Internet penetration in rural areas.
 Generate employment opportunities through the use ICTs.
 Provide the Internet platform for the growth of IT/IT enabled/software services as has
been stated in Telecom Policy 2061.
 Turn around the losses of the ISP industry, and make the industry into a growth-
oriented profit making industry.
 Promote, project and develop the interested of Internet services providers.
 Proliferate convergence between voice and data to facilitate growth of Internet and it
enabled services for E-commerce, Health care and Distance Education.
 Collaborate and associate with related National and International Organizations for
update on technologies and latest practices.
 Legalization of VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and tele-centers.
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CHAPTER 3: BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATION
3.1 About Organization
Lumbini Net Pvt. Ltd. is one of the largest Internet Service Providers (ISP)
and National Service Providers (NSP) in Nepal, spanning over 65 districts and 20
major cities in the country. We have grown from a small business to a strong and
stable corporation consisting of over 350 personnel with diverse skill sets and
professional expertise. Our mission is to contribute to the development of Internet
technologies in Nepal.
LumbiniNet is currently in process of building nationwide Broadband
Network in Nepal. The network is being built to address both the corporate and
residential Broadband needs. Our dedication towards customer services and supports
along with the adoption of latest technologies helped us becoming the trusted Internet
Service Provider in the country.
Our success story is built on our motto "Smile more, Serve more and achieve
more". We are not just making the Internet work, we are making it to work beautifully
and we strongly believe this technology can be yours to bring delight in your
everyday life.
Customers
In the meantime of operation, the company has grown an integrated solutions
company serving IT needs of individuals and organizations, and, a trusted and reliable
service provider. The company has been a reliable and trusted solutions partner for
numerous business-houses, educational institutions, hospitals, government agencies
etc.
Services
The company providesInternet services inChitwan, Dhading, Damak, Dharan,
Itahariand many other districts. In the meantime of operation, LumbiniNet have
established itself as one of the most reliable and trusted Internet service provider in
Nepal. The company has been providing Internet Services using Dial-up, wireless and
DSL technologies. Some of our strengths are experience, cost effectiveness and
economic solutions.
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Departments of Lumbini Net are:
1 Management department
2 System department
3 Network department
4 Human resource department
5 Account and Administration department
6 Internet telephony department
8

3.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF LUMBINI NET
Fig 1: Organizational structure of Lumbini Net
9
BOD
Chief Executive Officer
Senior General Manager
General Manager
Chief Manager
Executive
Marketing Officer
Chief Manager
Executive
Administrative
officer
Executive Human
Resource Officer
Executive
Operating Officer

3.3 Environmental factor Analysis
Lumbini Net owns a team oriented working environment. Every individual possesses
expertise on specific technology, but the keyword is “Knowledge Sharing”. Due to the regular
training programs, team members get enrich themselves with the essence of cutting edge
technology. Lumbini Net network environment can briefly summarized as:
 Excellence, innovation, proactive
 Team oriented
 Consensus based decision-making
 Career and intellectual growth opportunity
The SWOT analysis of Lumbini Net can be analyzed as below:
Strengths
 Regular training for staff
 Highly motivated and competent work environment
 Clear division of work
 Top quality service
 Wide range of diversified service
 Lots of Internet customer
Weakness
 Small work area
 Employee turnover
Opportunities
 Having its association with different organization, prospects to widen its
outsourcing facilities.
 Reach out to number of organization for out sourcing.
Threats
 Competition with other firms
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CHAPTER 4: ACTIVITIES DONE
4.1 EXISTING SYSTEM ANALYSIS
This part contains details of organization such as what service is provided by
organization to the customer. The service provided by the organization is described below:
4.1.1 I-talk
I-talk Softphones is a ground breaking innovation in Internet calling technology
which can be used over the Internet to make long distance calls to any part of the world in
cheap price. The most important feature of i-talk is that it allows making legal international
calls with ease, efficiency, low cost and clarity. The tariff for calling foreign locations like
USA is as low as Rs. 2 per minute with absolutely no extra or hidden charges. I-talk
Softphone can access connectivity up to 200 countries in the world and can be used to dial
any PC, landline telephone and mobile phones at equal rate. However, this system does not
work with CDMA phones. You do not need to purchase any other devices to run i-talk except
for a pair of headphones with a microphone. You must download and install i-talk Softphone
and instantly begin making online conversation.
You will be billed on the basis of length of time, measured in minutes and your
amount will be automatically deducted from your account.I-talk softphone is ideal for
business, home or personal uses. You can easily connect to your clients or suppliers wherever
they are and instantly catalyze the decision making process. I-talk is also useful in integrating
business together. However, you ought to have your sound driver configured, poses an
Internet connection and must be running on windows XP/Vista or MAC OS. You can use i-
talk to call international numbers in 2 ways:
 Via ATA(Analog Telephone Adapter)
 Via Softphone Software
If you have computer with Internet connection and headphone, then you call install
the softphone in your computer and make calls from it. All you need to do is:
o Install i-talk softphone.
o Purchase i-talk card and enter details in soft.
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4.1.2 Broadband Internet connection
4.1.2.1 Wireless Internet
We provide Internet services to organization and individuals through wireless
connectivity. This provides users with an always-on (24 hours a day) Internet connectivity,
many times faster than dial-up connection. You won’t need a phone line to connect to the
Internet anymore and save a lot on your phone bill. We are building our network to cover all
parts of Nepal.
Features
o Always on Internet connection (24*7)
o Many times faster than dial up
o Cost effective solution
o Reliable plus, many other benefits
4.1.2.2 Wi-Fi Internet
Wi-Fi, which stands for wireless fidelity, in a play on the order term Hi-Fi, is a
wireless networking technology used across the globe. Wi-Fi refers to any system that uses
the 802.11 standards, which was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers (IEEE) and release in 1997. The term Wi-Fi, which is alternately spelled Wi-Fi was
pushed by WI-Fi Alliance, a trade group that pioneered commercialization of the technology.
Features
 High speed Internet access
 Experienced installation technicians
 Always on Internet connection
 Real time site survey for better connectivity
 Suitable for laptop, palmtop, desktops, Wi-Fi enabled mobile phones and smart
phones.
4.1.2.3 Inter-office connectivity
Using latest DSL and wireless technology, we can provide up to 108 mbps reliable
data connectivity to business and other organizations. This service is an ideal solution for
establishing data-network between offices located in different places.
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Features
 Always on Internet connection
 Smooth inter-office communication
 Cost effective solution
 Reliable and efficient
4.1.2.4 Tariffs
Lumbini Net Pvt. Ltd has updated the tariff chart for subscribing tp our broadband
Internet services. Here are the details:
Package:
Months 1 3 6 12
Standard(256kbps) 1200 3300 6500 12000
Premium(512kbps) 1700 4800 9000 16500
Delight(1mbps) 3000 8000 15500 30000
Table 1: Tariffs List
4.1.3 Product and Services
4.1.3.1 Lumbini Net services
Lumbini Net Pvt. Ltd is proud to announce it’s all new, all jazzed up “Lumbini Net
Internet Services”, a dedicated division of Lumbini Net that deals with your entire web
requirements.
Home Internet
 Cable ZOOOM
Cable internet is a broadband internet service designed especially for home users and
SOHO(Small Office Home Office). The main advantage of cable internet is that it can be
used even in load shedding by directly connecting cable to your laptop or pc.
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 Wi-ZOOOMe
Wi-ZOOOM wireless broadband is a DSL internet service, without the need for telephone
lines and cabled infrastructure between you and the service provider. You will receive the
same "always on" type of service and in most cases a much faster and more reliable service
than conventional cabled solutions. These installations are similar to Point-to-Point/Point-to-
Multipoint links where you are connecting your home or office with a router and high gain
antenna to one of our base stations.
 Fiber ZOOOM
Lumbini Net provides 25Mbps plan in Fiber Zoom service. The service is a volume based
plan. The customer can enjoy surfing internet speed at normal throughout the committed
service period even if the volume is consumed.
SOHO Internet
Lumbininet have tailored a service plan especially for our SOHO customers with both cable
and optical fiber options. The 3 Mbps unlimited package that we offer is ideal for using
internet in up to 3-4 internet enabled devices. This is the plan, which is perhaps the cheapest
among all our service plans considering that it includes unlimited data and super high speed.
Enterprise
 Dark Core Fibre
Lumbini Net offers dark fiber to customers who have high capacity bandwidth need. It's a
purely direct connection from one location to another location on optical fiber. Lumbininet
customize a solution for your business that incorporates multiple last mile options that all co-
exist over our network backbone so that cross office network does not need to travel over the
internet.
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 ICT Consultancy
Lumbininet’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) consultancy not only meet
the requirement of their customer but that it is implemented and managed to realize the
promised benefits. Lumbininet bring expertise to ensuring that the ICT strategy is
comprehensive, the design is robust, the implementation is successful and the ongoing
management delivers the benefits.
Lumbininet’s team can build new systems, networks and even redesign the existing one.
Lumbininet works collaboratively with your team to understand your Organization's system
and network requirements. In this way Lumbininet can highlight the latest solutions and
technologies that apply to your specific infrastructure.
 Dedicated Internet
Dedicated internet access enables your critical communication with high speed full time
connection to empower your organization. Lumbininet provides service by providing
dedicated IP for which bandwidth is assigned. Dedicated internet service provides secure
reliable access, customizable bandwidth and 24 x 7 monitoring.
4.1.3.2 Creating a Network Connection
A computer network, which is often termed as a network, is a group of computers
connected with each other to facilitate communication between the users and to allow share
resources with each other. The communication among computers can be facilitated after
configuring network. In as organizational set up, all the systems are connected with each
other by using either Local Area Network or Internet or Sometime both. The connectivity
among computers help user to share data, establish Remote Desktop Connections, provide
remote assistance.
In windows 7, network connections are created automatically; however, we can
create them manually. Manual creation of network connection is required when we want to
create different types of connections, such as broadband connections or dial-up connections.
We can create connections manually by using Control Panel.
We have to perform the following step to create a network connection:
o Click start Control Panel. The control panel window appears.
o Click the Network and Internet link into control panel windows, as shown in figure
below;
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Figure 1: Select the network and Internet link option
o The network and Internet window appears (fig 1).
o Click the network and sharing link in the network and Internet window, as shown in
fig 2.
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Figure 2: selecting the network and sharing center link option
o The network and sharing center windows appears (fig 2).
o Click the set up a new connection or network link in the network and sharing center
windows, as shown in fig 3.
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Figure 32: Displaying the Network and sharing Centre
o The set up a connection or network wizards appears (fig 3)
o Select the connection to the Internet option and then click the next button, as shown
in fig 4.
o Click the Broadband (PPOE) connection in the How do you want to connect page as
shown shown in the figure 4:
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Figure 4: Creating a Broadband Connection
o Enter the required information such as username and password in their respective text
boxes and click the Connection button as shown in the figure 5:
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Figure 5: Providing username and password
4.1.4 Creating the Wireless Connection
Install the router software
Not every router comes with software to install, but if yours did, then install it on a
computer that is connected to the router via an Ethernet cable. Using the bundled software
makes setting up a router much more convenient than going in to the configuration menus.
 Using the software, designate the name of your wireless network, and the type of
security that you want to use. Choose WPA2 for the most secure network. Choose a
password and continue.
 Most router software will automatically detect your Internet settings. This is the
information that the router needs to translate your Internet connection and transfer it
to all of your wirelessly connected devices.
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Open the router’s configuration page
If your router did not come with any installation software, you will need to connect to
the router’s configuration page through your web browser. Open your browser of choice and
enter the web address for the router. This is typically 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1. Consult the
documentation that came with the router to find the exact address.
 You will be asked for a username and password to continue into the router
configuration. These are also provided in the documentation that came with your
router. Typical defaults are username: admin and Password: password or admin. You
can search for your router model’s specific login information at portfoward.com.
Enter your Internet connection information
This includes the IP address and DNS information from your Internet service
provider. Most routers will fill this section in automatically. If it does not, contact your ISP
for the information that you need to enter.
Set your Wireless settings
Most routers will have a Wireless Settings section towards the top of the router’s menu. From
this section you can enable or disable the wireless signal, change the network name, and set
the encryption.
o To set the name of the network, select the SSID field. This is the name that will be
displayed on any device that detects your network. If you are living in an area with a
lot of public traffic, avoid putting any identifiable information in the SSID, as anyone
with a wireless device can see it.
o Make sure to set the encryption to the latest version allowed by your router. In most
cases, this will be WPA2. WPA2 operates with a single password. You can enter
whatever you’d like. Stronger password contains upper and lowercase letters,
numbers, and symbols.
o Make sure you click the Apply or Save Changes button in your router’s configuration
when you are done changing the settings. The router will process for a moment, and
your new settings will take effect.
o In order to get the best possible signal, try to place your router in a central location.
Keep in mind that any obstacles such as walls and doors will degrade the signal. If
you have multiple floors, you may want to consider multiple routers to ensure that
you have the coverage you need.
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o Remember that it must be physically connected to your modem, so this may limit
your options when placing the router.
4.1.4.1Setting Up TP-Link Router
1. Plug the power cable to the router. You should see the Power LED at the front turn
green now.
2. Plug the network cable of ISP to the WAN port. Next, take the patch cable and plug
one end of it to the LAN port of the Router and other end to the Network Card of the
computer.
3 Next, open the Web Browser (Firefox, Internet Explorer etc.) and type the Default IP
address of the router (192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1) in the address bar.
4. It will ask for Router's default “Username” and “Password”. Please provide Username
as “admin” and Password as “admin”.
5. After providing username and password, Click on “OK” button.
6. Next, Router configuration page will be displayed.
7. Now, click on "Network" option from menu on left. Then choose "pppoe/russiapppoe"
from wan connection type. Then Type your username and password as provided byISP.
8. Select the "Wireless" option from menu on left. Type the desired name for wireless and
click save.
22

9. Select the "Wireless Security" option from menu on left. Choose WPA/WPA2 –
personal (recommended). Type your desired password. Click Save.
4.1.4.2 Configuration of Devices
Steps and Procedures:
I. First of all, connect the device with cable (CAT-5/CAT-6) to the adopter that
helps in supply of power of Ethernet to the device and also the data flow/transfer,
and complete all the connections required appropriately.
II. After completion of first step, open the device by entering the default device IP
(192.168.1.20) in the browser.
III. Enter the default username and password of the device.
Username: ubnt
Password: ubnt
Now the device is ready to be configured. The steps after that are shown in below;
Typical scenario is to install a Network Extender device to provide wireless signal to Clients
that cannot be reached from AP #1 (poor signal level). We consider this simply network
topology:
 1 Router connected to Internet and/or private LAN (IP Address: 192.168.1.254/24)
 1 AirOS device AP #1 directly connected to Router (IP Address: 192.168.1.21/24)
 1 AirOS device AP #2 connected via wireless to AP #1 (IP Address: 192.168.1.20/24)
 1 or more Wireless Clients (Notebook, Wi-Fi-Phone, other Wireless devices...)
 The Router assigns IP Address to network devices by DHCP Server. Alternatively, if
you prefer, you can set static IP Address to Clients.
In this schema, AP #2 is a Wireless Repeater device.
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Fig 6: wireless repater
4.2 Configuring
Minimal configuration:
 all AirOS devices in AP-WDS mode
 same SSID
 same Channel
 enter mutual WDS Peers (or enable Auto WDS, not recommended)
4.2.1 AP #1 Setup
`Login into AirOS WEB User Interface of AP #1 and set as below:
 NETWORK Tab
o Network Mode: Bridge
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o Bridge IP Address: Static
o IP Address: 192.168.1.21
o Netmask: 255.255.255.0
o Gateway IP: 192.168.1.254
o Click Change button to confirm
o Click Apply button to apply changes
o Wait until process is complete
 LINK SETUP Tab
o Wireless Mode: Access Point WDS
o WDS Peers: 00:15:6D:B6:6D:4E (WLAN MAC of AP #2, you can see on
MAIN Tab of AP #2)
o SSID: mywlan (or any stringh to identify your WLAN, but the same for all
WDS Peers)
o Country Code: set according your location
o IEEE 802.11 Mode: B/G mixed (assuming devices running in 2.4 GHz band)
o Channell Spectrum Width: 20MHz
o Channel: 1 - 2412 MHz (or any other free channel, but the same for all WDS
Peers)
o Output Power: 10 dBm (or check Obey Regulatory Power according your
country law)
o Data Rate, Mbps: 54, Auto
25

4.2.2 AP #2 Setup
Login into AirOS WEB User Interface of AP #2 and set as below:
 NETWORK Tab
o Network Mode: Bridge
o Bridge IP Address: Static
o IP Address: 192.168.1.20
o Netmask: 255.255.255.0
o Gateway IP: 192.168.1.254
 LINK SETUP Tab
o Wireless Mode: Access Point WDS
o WDS Peers: 00:15:6D:B6:6C:E2 (WLAN MAC of AP #1, you can see on
MAIN Tab of AP #1)
o SSID: mywlan (or any string to identify your WLAN, but the same for all
WDS Peers)
o Country Code: set according your location
o IEEE 802.11 Mode: B/G mixed (assuming devices running in 2.4 GHz band)
o Channel Spectrum Width: 20MHz
26

o Channel: 1 - 2412 MHz (or any other free channel, but the same for all WDS
Peers)
o Output Power: 10 dBm (or check Obey Regulatory Power according your
country law)
o Data Rate, Mbps: 54, Auto
The browsed tab of the concerned UBNT device is shown below;
Fig 7: Ubnt configuration Page
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CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM TESTING
5.1 PING
PING IS AN OLD UNIX tool that has been around for a long time but many PC users are
unfamiliar with the Windows version. Ping sends out a packet to designated internet host or
network computer and measures its response time. The target computer will return
(hopefully) a signal. It is a way of determining the quality of your connection to another site.
You will also receive an IP address that corresponds to the user friendly type of URL. To use
ping, open a command window and type: ping<hostname>.
5.2 Tracert
Tracert (traceroute) is another old tool borrowed form UNIX. The actual path between two
computers on the Internet is not a straight line but consists of numerous segments or “hops”
from one intermediate computer to another. Tracert shows each step of the path taken. It can
be interesting to see just how convoluted it is. The times for each hop and the IP addresses for
each intermediate computer are displayed. Tracert shows up to 30 hops. It is convenient for
finding if there is one particular segment that is causing slow or bad connection.
5.3 Netstat
Netstat displays the active TCP connections and ports on which the computer is listening,
Ethernet statistics, the IP routing for the IP, ICMP, TCP and UDP protocols. It comes with a
number of switches for displaying a variety of properties of the network and TCP
connections. One possible use foe Netstat is to determine if spyware or Trojans have
established connections that you do not know about. The command “netstat –a” will display
all your connections. The command “netstat –b” will show the executable files involved in
creating a connections.
5.4 Nslookup
This command helps diagnose the Domain Name (DNS) infrastructure and comes with a
number of sub-commands. These are mainly for systems administrators. The primary interest
for average PC users is its use to find the computer name corresponding to a numeric IP.
5.5 System Monitoring
Multi Router Traffic Graphs (MRTG) is a tool that was created by Tobias Oetiker. The
original purpose of this tool was to provide a convenient method to gather statistics from
routers via SNMP and present them in an easy to understand graphical format through a
webserver.
28

The minimum information that should be monitored on most servers is disk space usage,
memory utilization, CPU utilization and network utilization. There are many more useful
statistics that might apply to a specific server or environment, but from an operational
perspective, these minimum details are going to be useful for day to day utilization and help
establish a baseline to understand the normal operating parameters of the systems we are
responsible for managing and to provide early warning indicators for when a system is going
to exceed its hardware capacity.
29

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
6.1 Problem Faced
Concluding I must agree I was bound to face some problems and difficulties during the
internship program. The general problems I faced during the given period are listed below:
 Being new to the organization it was difficult for me to understand the organization’s
work procedures and structures.
 Difficulty in understanding the requirements.
 Difficulty in understanding and giving support to clients.
 Outdoor service i.e. services given to the customer was sometimes conflicting due to
misunderstanding of problems cause.
6.2 Lesson Learnt
In short period I couldn’t learn all things about networking. During my time of internship
period I got the unique opportunity to:
 Configure and install all the airOS (LOCO) devices, different routers, and UBNT
devices.
 Create a new wireless connection.
 Develop personal relation with clients.
 Gain knowledge of crimping of CAT-5, CAT-6 in standard format and many others.
This is the period where I got the unique opportunity to doze myself with professional
capabilities. I learnt how things go in real life and what are my weakness and strengths.
As of me, the internship period, was the period of enhancing the knowledge. It had let me
understand the organizational environment and the real time work.
6.3 Conclusion
After doing internship, I know several things related to networking. This knowledge helps me
to work in any networking organization. It gives me an experience in the area of networking.
Many courses that we have studied throughout the semester are implemented in this case
either directly or indirectly. Internship gives us a platform to implement our knowledge in
real scenario. It is very beneficial to me in the sense that I can configure several networking
things such as configuration of small networks. Configuration of routers, can do appropriate
cabling and troubleshooting internet connection.
30

REFERENCES
[1] www.nepotech .com
[2] www.limbininet.com.np
[3] www.ispa.com
[4] www.nren.com
[5] Windows Server 2008 R2, Mark Minasi
[6] Data Communication and computer computing, Behrouz A. Foruzan
[7] Computer Networks, Andrew S.Tenenbaum
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