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1.
2.
3.
4. Statement of the
Problem
• Wars 2002 until today
• Operation Enduring Freedom
• Operation Iraqi Freedom
• Operation New Dawn
5. Statement of the
Problem
• Most research focuses on:
• Male is the Veteran with a female, civilian
spouse
• Vietnam Era Veterans
• Little research on how combat affects women
• Female Veterans are understudied
• Marry more frequently than civilians
• Divorce rates are higher than civilians
7. Literature Review Cont
• Additional Factors
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Marring young
Personality type
Pre military trauma
Dual Military Marriages
Military Sexual Trauma
8. Purpose of the Study
• Clarify how levels of combat exposure
correlate with formation of PTSD
• How does PTSD affect marital satisfaction and
intimacy?
• Does attachment style predict formation of
PTSD and later lower levels of marital
satisfaction and intimacy
9. Hypothesis
• 1. Higher levels of combat exposure result in
increased levels of PTSD
• 2. High PTSD symptoms negatively affect
marital satisfaction and intimacy
• 3. Avoidant attachment styles will correlate
with higher levels of PTSD and lower marital
satisfaction and intimacy
11. Method cont.
• Measures
• PCL-M: Posttraumatic stress disorder checklist
military version
• CES: Combat Exposure Scale
• ECR-R: The Experiences in Close RelationshipsRevised Questionnaire
• RAS: Relationship assessment scale
Editor's Notes
2 Million people have deployed in support of OEF/OIF/OND11.6% of deployed service members are women
29% Female Veterans b/w 17-24 years married vs 9% in civilian sector8% divorce rate as opposed to 1% Divorce at rates higher than male counterparts 23.4% vs 14.6%
Combat Exposure: Although, females are barred from serving in direct combat, the urban environment, guerilla warfare, and cultural norms in current occupations are increasing the likelihood that females are exposed to combat operations in a greater capacity (Street, Vogt, & Dutra, 2009).PTSD:
