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July 29 - August 4, 2016	 Proudly serving Santa Barbara, Ventura and San Luis Obispo counties		 Vol. 17, No. 21
By Supriya Yelimeli
Special to the Business Times
TaxmeasuresontheNovemberballotcould
reshape the landscape for tri-county medical
marijuana providers.
In October 2011, federal prosecutors
launched a crackdown on medical marijuana
dispensaries throughout California, virtually
sweepingoutbrick-and-mortarstorefrontson
the Central Coast. In response, many dispen-
saries repurposed themselves as delivery ser-
vices.
Four years later, in October 2015, the state
legislature passed the California Medical Mar-
ijuanaRegulationandSafetyAct,athree-part
package of laws that gave local governments
a March 1, 2016 deadline to create their own
ordinances regarding cannabis.
Several cities in the Tri-Counties, includ-
ing Paso Robles, Camarillo, Fillmore, Oxnard,
Port Hueneme, Thousand Oaks and Santa
Paula,decidedtobancannabiscultivationfor
personal use within their cities.
Santa Barbara decided that qualified
Taxmeasurescouldalterpotmarket
This has been a big year for green
energy.
Anti-nucleargroupsarecelebrating
an agreement to close Diablo Canyon
nuclear plant near San Luis Obispo, so-
lar costs are on par with conventional
resourcesandabigwindturbineproject
offshoreatMorroBayismovingrapidly
through the approval process.
The Public Policy Institute of Califor-
niareportedonJuly27that10yearsafter
the state’s groundbreaking AB 32 legis-
lation,62percentoflikelyvoterssupport
strict limits on greenhouse gas emis-
sions. A proposal to enact even deeper
cutsgarners58percentapprovalandthe
PPIC reports likely voters say they would pay
more for energy to reduce global warming.
But beneath the surface there are growing
questionsaboutthefutureforenergyproduction
inCaliforniaandwhatwillhappenwhenvoters
realizethefullcostofachievinganewtargetof
PCBT stock
index yields
big return
By Marissa Nall
Staff Writer
Investorswhoweresmartenoughtofollow
the stocks in the Pacific Coast Business Times
indexwouldbelookingatdoubledigitreturns
duringthepastyear,asmarketsveeredtoward
defense and technology sector stocks.
Now celebrating its 10th anniversary year,
theindexwasup12.7percentfortheyearend-
ed July 22. Launched in partnership with the
UC Santa Barbara Economic Forecast Project
on Jan. 20, 2006, the index currently tracks a
mix of 25 regional companies and companies
with large operations in the Tri-Counties.
The original list of 30 stocks contained a
heavy mix of technology and biotech compa-
nies,withafewrepresentativesofthefinancial
services, agribusiness, energy, retail and com-
municationssectors.Atitsdebut,itwasalready
outperforming the national indices.
“Judgingbytheperformanceofthe30com-
paniesintheBusinessTimesIndexsinceJanu-
ary 2001, they’re used to beating the market’s
versionofstatusquo,”wroteformerstaffwriter
Kevin Kreutz, when he introduced the index a
decadeago,comparingafive-yearstreakof16
Votersbackgreenenergybutmaybalkathigherbills
Michael Felix, a manager at Pro Image Sports in Ventura, expects Rams merchandise to
be his third best seller after the Cowboys and Raiders — as long as they win.
Rams fever, take 2
VenturaCountybusinesseswin asNFLreturnstoLA
By Philip Joens
Staff Writer
Two new football fields glistened under
thesummersunasworkersaroundthemdug
holes and built curbs from freshly poured
concrete,racingtowardalateAugustdead-
line when the Los Angeles Rams will move
into their new practice facility in Thousand
Oaks.
City officials are pumped that the Rams
arecomingbacktoThousandOaksafter22
years and report that the Rams are buying
houses in the area and services from local
businesses.
VenturaCountyretailersarealreadyfeel-
ing the team’s presence with an increase in
sales,monthsbeforefootballseasonbegins.
At the Pro Image Sports store in Ven-
tura’s Pacific View Mall, 23 racks of T-
shirtshungonabackwall.Elsewhereinthe
store,15navyblueandgoldracksofhatssat
PHILIPJOENSPHOTO
see RAMS on page 19A
see MARIJUANA on page 18A
see STOCKS on page 19A
see DUBROFF on page 17A
henry
dubroff
Editor
$1.50
Channel Islands Aviation
celebrates 40 years
See page 3A
THE 	 	 INDEX
THE LIST: Women-owned.... . . . . . . 14A
Commentary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A
Leads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A
Newsmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5A
REAL ESTATE . . . . . . . . . 4A
Higher rents squeeze residents
AGRICULTURE. . . . . . . . 6A
Peso decline bad for growers
Energy
& Environment
Replacing Diablo Canyon
with renewables not easy
See page 7A
18A 	 Pacific Coast Business Times	 July 29 - August 4, 2016 July 29 - August 4, 2016	 Pacific Coast Business Times	 19A
Workers build a practice facility for the Rams at California Lutheran University.
RAMS
Continued from page 1A
MARIJUANA
Continued from page 1A
An artist’s rendering of the Santa Rosa Village housing project at CSU Channel Islands.
SOLOMONCORDWELLBUENZRENDERING
CSUCI
Continued from page 3A
STOCKS
Continued from page 1A
CI AVIATION
Continued from page 3A
NIKBLASKOVICHPHOTO
introduced to the owner of Santa Cruz Island, Dr. Carey
Stanton, Oberman embarked on his first charter flight to
Santa Cruz Island in 1975. A year later, the Camarillo Air-
port took shape on what once was the Oxnard Air Force
Base. Oberman and his wife Janie placed a successful bid
to operate at the airport and Channel Islands Aviation was
born.
“Bytheendofthefirstweek,wehadexceededourpro-
jection for the end of the first year,” Oberman said. “The
hangar was full, we were selling fuel. At the beginning we
hadonefellawhowasansweringtheradio,thephoneand
drove the fuel truck. That didn’t last long.”
The family-owned, Camarillo-based company cele-
brated its 40th year in business by inking a new lease with
VenturaCounty.ChannelIslandsAviationsigneda30-year
leaseinMayforabout100,000squarefeetofspacehousing
its operations at the airport.
CI Aviation is the oldest full-service, fixed-base opera-
tor in the Tri-Counties, providing a charter service, a flight
school,fuel,storagespace,aircraftmaintenanceandsales,
saidSarahObermanBartush,Oberman’sdaughterandthe
company’s chief marketing officer.
“There are only a small handful of companies who do
what we do from here to San Diego County,” said Bartush,
whohasruntheflightschoolforthepast10yearswiththe
help of her brother. “As the county has been growing, our
charter business and flight school businesses have grown
along with it.”
CI Aviation became a Cessna pilot center, Cessna ser-
vicecenterandsingle-enginedealerin1976andquicklyes-
tablisheditselfasaone-stop-shopforthoseintheindustry.
Several airports in the region have closed, like the Ran-
cho Conejo Airport in Newbury Park, which left a void and
created an opportunity for CI Aviation, Oberman said.
ThecompanyhasmultipleFederalAviationAdministra-
tioncertificatesandoffersabachelor’sdegreeinaeronau-
tics in conjunction with Liberty University in Virgina.
Theaviationindustryhasbeenexperiencingasignificant
pilotshortage.AnumberofflightschoolsclosingafterSept.
11, 2001 and through the recession — coupled with new
regulations—havehandcuffedtheindustry,Bartushsaid.
Pilots have to log 1,500 hours of total flight time, which
is a drastic increase from the 250-hour standard in 2007,
Bartush said. Fortunately, CI Aviation can grow its own pi-
lots, she said.
“Airlines are scrambling to get enough pilots,” Bartush
said. “To become a pilot you have to make a $75,000 to
$100,000 investment until you’re eligible for hire. It does
take a while to see a return on investment.”
Going forward, the company aims to add at least two
jets to its charter service fleet in 2016. Oberman was 28
years old when he started CI Aviation, which at its height
employed65people.Obermanandhiscurrentstaffofabout
40haveenduredfourrecessions.Hesaidhehasbeenlucky
to have the support of his family the entire way through.
“We have three generations here,” Oberman said. “I am
exceptionallyluckythatthekidswanttocontinuethebusi-
ness and do it better than dad.”
waiting to be sold.
Atthistimelastyear,justacoupleofracks
hadmerchandise.Now,thestoreispreparing
for even more as football season begins.
“This is the offseason,” said Michael Fe-
lix,amanageratthestore.“Weneverdisplay
thismuchfootballstuffduringthesummer.
If they play well, we’ll just explode.”
Felix said Dallas Cowboys and Oakland
Raidersmerchandisehavealwaysbeenmost
popularatthestore,wherehe’sworkedsince
1991. But he said Rams stuff always sold,
even during the team’s stint in St. Louis.
“The Rams were always a good seller
whenthey’replayinggood.Theyhaveanat-
ural fan base here already,” Felix said. “The
yeartheywontheSuperBowl,theywereone
ofourtopthreesellingteams.Themmoving
back has reenergized everything.”
Felixsaidduringbaseballseason,salesof
merchandise for opponents of the Los An-
geles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels of
Anaheimincreasebeforegames.Hesaidhe
expectstoseethesametrendwhentheRams
play home games in Los Angeles.
Felix said the Rams will be the store’s
thirdbest-sellingteambehindtheCowboys
and Raiders if they win.
Thatmaybeaproblem.Overtheirlast12
years in St. Louis, the team never finished
with a winning record and only twice fin-
ished the year with a record of 8-8.
“There’sgoingtobeahoneymoonperiod,
then we’ll see what happens,” Felix said.
OnJan.20,theSt.LouisRamsannounced
theywouldmovetoLosAngelesforthe2017
season. After that, the team scrambled to
findplacestotrainduringtheoffseason,host
trainingcampthisAugustandpracticelater
this fall.
“We did the field first and they were al-
ready grading the field while we were still
designing the parking lot,” said Susanne
Cooper, a civil engineer at Jensen Design &
Survey, a Ventura-based engineering firm
thathandlesplanning,surveying,engineer-
ing and permitting at the Thousand Oaks
site.
BytheendofFebruary,Jensenhadstarted
designingplansfortheRams’newtemporary
practice facility on the California Lutheran
University campus. By late April, construc-
tionhadstartednearCalLutheran’sRolland
Stadium and Sparky Anderson Field.
Whenfinished,a50,000-square-foottem-
porary structure will house a weight room,
training room, a media center and office
space. The building is made up of pre-built
modular rooms, each about the size of a
semi-trailer, that were hoisted into place by
a crane.
Thefacilitiesaredesignedtolastthreeto
fiveyearsandtheschool’sfootballteamwill
use the fields once the Rams move out.
Construction will be completed by the
end of August. Two new practice fields will
bereadyonSept.2,whichtheteamwilluse
aftercompletingtrainingcampatUCIrvine
in August.
CalLutheranalreadyplannedonadding
additional practice football fields on the lot
wheretheRamsarebuilding.In2004,Thou-
sand Oaks’ planning commission approved
a $40 million plan for CLU to build new
athletics stadiums, a gym and a swimming
poolinthenorthernpartofthecampus.That
made it easy to get the fields fast-tracked.
“Our approval process with the city was
pretty straight forward because all the city
was asked to approve were the two build-
ings,” said Robert Talmadge, another en-
gineer working on the project. “Where the
fieldswere, wheretheparking waswereac-
tuallyfairlyclosetowhatwehadintheorigi-
nal approval.”
Before the Rams move into their new
digs, a laundry list of things must be done.
Roads, sidewalks and parking lots all need
to be paved. A weight room with bare walls
needs to be painted and equipped. Fields
needtobepaintedandrampsinandoutof
doors need to be built.
Talmadgesaidnormallyjusttheconstruc-
tion would take at least a year to complete.
The Rams will practice in Thousand
Oaks for at least two years while their
$2.2 billion Inglewood stadium is being
built.Untilconstructionendsintimeforthe
2019season,theteamwillplayhomegames
at the Los Angeles Coliseum.
TheRamsareexcitedtobeintheregion.
Tucked away in an Agoura Hills office
complex, next to PennyMac Loan Services
and tech marketing company TouchCom-
merce,sitsthenewRamscorporateoffice.In
all,120employeesmovedfromSt.Louisand
ahandfulofMissourilicenseplatescouldbe
seen in the parking lot on July 18.
As with nearly everything, this office is
temporary.InSeptember,theteamwillmove
intoanother,morepermanent,officeacross
the street that will serve for the next three
years.
The team has already taken the field.
FromMarch28-June24,theteamheldinfor-
malspringpracticesatOxnard’sRiverRidge
Fields where the Dallas Cowboys started
training camp July 28.
BusinessleadersinThousandOakspride
themselvesonnotofferingtaxincentivesto
attract companies to the area. Rather, they
say great year-round weather and a warm
senseofcommunityattractmanybusinesses
to the region.
On June 23, Kevin Demoff, executive
vicepresidentoffootballoperationsandthe
team’schiefoperatingofficer,saidataGreat-
er Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce
breakfastthatthecommunityhelpedattract
the Rams to the area.
“Wehavereceivedaterrificwelcomefrom
communityleadersandresidentsinVentura
Countyandbeyond,”aRamsspokeswoman
said. “There are many reasons why we relo-
catedtheteamhere,includingterrifichous-
ingandschools,awonderfulcommunityand
a really great environment for our franchise
to be part of.”
Once the Rams’ office is complete in
September,theteamwillturnitsattentionto
findingapermanentcorporateheadquarters.
Demoff said at the event the team is look-
ingtobuilda“miniInglewood”development
with 50 to 60 acres of land for their perma-
nent home.
He’ssaidpubliclyinthepastthatfootball
isuniquebecausegamesareweeklyandso
infrequentthatteamsdon’tneedofficesinor
nearhomestadiums.Thespokeswomandid
not say where the Rams are looking to put
their permanent base, but Demoff said the
team is considering Thousand Oaks.
“We’relookingtoseeifwecanmakethis
ourhomepermanently,”Demoffsaidatthe
event.
Haider Alawami, Thousand Oaks eco-
nomicdevelopmentmanager,saidheisglad
to have the team practicing in the city.
“They’regoingtogoshopping,they’rego-
ingtogoouttorestaurants.They’regoingto
helpusandhelpthelocaleconomyontopof
having the training facility here,” Alawami
said. “Athletes have a little more spending
moneythantypicalemployees,soweexpect
to see a little uptick in our sales tax and rev-
enues.”
Rams owner Stan Kroenke lives nearby
in Malibu and Coach Jeff Fisher also has ties
to the area.
FishergrewupinCulverCityandstarred
at Taft High School in Woodland Hills. To-
day,hisparentsRogerandJanetteFisherlive
in Thousand Oaks.
Alawami said the Rams initially reached
out to Cal Lutheran to see if the school was
interested. A meeting between the team,
CLU President Chris Kimball and city coun-
cilmembers was quickly assembled.
“We told them, ‘Tell us what you’re look-
ingforandwhatyouneed,andwe’llmakeit
happen,’ ” Alawami said.
percent returns to slow declines for the S&P 500.
Butgainsinthestockpriceforitscurrentmixof25com-
paniesreflect abroaderflight towardtheperceivedsafety
and high returns of the defense and technology industry.
“Interestrateshavecollapsedandsoeverybodyislook-
ing for income at any price, yield at any price,” said Todd
Lowenstein,managingdirectorforHighMarkCapitalMan-
agement. “Because of that, they’re crowding into areas of
the market like utilities, like telecom services, like consum-
er staples, like real estate investment trusts.”
Negative interest rates in countries like Germany, Swit-
zerlandandJapanhavespurredforeigninvestmentinU.S.-
denominated assets, he said, bidding up prices for utilities
andcommunicationscompaniesmorethan20percentthis
year.
“I’ve got news for you: their fundamentals didn’t get 20
percentbetter,”Lowensteinsaid.“Theactivityofinvestors
canrendersafeassetsunsafe...Zeroratesandnegativerates,
we’ve never been here before. This is uncharted territory.”
Defense and technology companies like Amgen, Lock-
heed,RaytheonandTeledynewithtriple-digitstockprices
have more sway on the overall success of the index than
newercompanieslikeGoleta-basedAppFolioandSanLuis
Obispo’s MindBody, both software developers.
Consumer staples-provider Procter & Gamble, which
closed the week at $85.72, would also outweigh financial
institutions like Bank of America, Community West Banc-
shares and Heritage Oaks Bancorp, priced below $20,
whichhavestruggledtoincreaseprofitsamidthelowinter-
est rates.
“You’re seeing some of the distortions right now,” Low-
ensteinsaid.“You’reseeingmisallocationsofcapital,you’re
seeing malinvestment ... Investors should be mindful of
intrinsic value and the cash flow characteristics and what
something’sworth.Rightnowthey’realittleblindedbythis
Twilight Zone that we’re in.”
A portfolio following the stocks in the index would be
yielding good returns — especially compared to some
broader, more representative portfolios – but it alone
shouldn’t be considered a barometer for economic health
in the region, said Peter Rupert, professor of economics at
UCSB and director of the Economic Forecast Project. Fac-
torslikeemploymentareequallyasimportanttoconsider,
he said.
“It’shardtolookatindividualorsmallnumbersofstocks
and measure whether our region is doing really well,” Ru-
pert said. “Prices can mean a lot of things, not necessarily
related to the fundamentals.”
Comparing them to market capitalization-weighted
funds, like the S&P 500 and the Russell 2000, is also some-
whatmisleading,hesaid.Thesamecompanieswoulddom-
inatetheindexwereitmeasureddifferently,butpricesare
more volatile than a company’s market cap.
Those indices also generally track established, low-
growthcompanieswithconsistentreturns,Lowensteinsaid.
The Business Times index hit a high of 1,581.07 on Dec.
24, up 1.4 percent from the previous year. It ended July 22
at 1,451.14.
AmongthefastestgrowerswereInphi,MindBody,Sem-
tech, Resonant and Raytheon, with more than 30 percent
gains year-over-year. Sientra trailed the pack with a 70.1
percent loss, followed by California Amplifier, Bank of
America, QAD, Wells Fargo and Deckers Outdoor, who all
fell more than 10 percent in the same period.
Thenationalindicesdisplayedrecordhighsthismonth,
with the S&P 500 closing at 2,129.90 July 8, up 6.4 percent
year-to-date and 2.2 percent since last year. The Russell
2000closedat1,212.89July22up6.8percentyear-to-date
but down 4.3 percent from last year.
Anotherprice-weightedindex,theDowJonesIndustrial
Average,wasup6.6percentyear-to-dateand2.7percentfor
the year. On July 22, it was at a high of 18,570.85. The NAS-
DAQwasup1.9percentyear-to-dateanddown2.1percent
for the year.
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo is building a
1,475-bedon-campusdormitoryandisplan-
ninga420-unitworkforcehousingdevelop-
ment near its Grand Avenue entrance. Cal
Poly aims to partner with a developer who
would front the construction cost and lease
the land from the university.
Charles Munger, the 92-year-old vice
chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, pledged
$200milliontobuildasizeablestudenthous-
ingprojectontheUCSantaBarbaracampus.
“Agenciesorentitieslikestateuniversities
haveaneasierroadtotheapprovalprocess-
es,” Hamilton said.
CLU projected that public entities will
increasinglydevelopresidentialprojectsbe-
causetheyfacelowerfeesandfewerhoopsto
jump through than the private sector, Ham-
ilton said.
In its 14-year history, CSUCI has in-
creased its enrollment from 500 to about
6,000 students, growing about 8 percent a
year. Its long-term goal is to reach 15,000
studentsandmorethan4,500student-hous-
ing beds. Growing its student base will give
CSUCI new opportunities in regard to addi-
tionalprograms,bothinacademicsandath-
letics, Gormley said.
“It will allow us to expand our academic
programs. Athletics have been discussed as
well,” he said.
In 2004, CSUCI completed the 350-bed
first phase of student housing, Anacapa Vil-
lage. The second phase, Santa Cruz Village,
openedin2007toaccommodateanother464
students.
“Santa Rosa Village represents an essen-
tial and exciting milestone in CI’s evolution
as the nation’s fastest-growing public uni-
versity,” outgoing CSUCI president Richard
Rush said in a news release.
RushwillbereplacedbyErikaBeckatthe
beginning of the 2016-17 school year.
CSUCIhashadtoadapttosatisfyagrow-
ingdemandforon-campushousing—more
than 1,200 students wanted to live on cam-
pus in the 2014-15 school year. It has had to
triple-bunk students in residence halls and
lease additional apartments in University
Glen — a 900-unit mix of subsidized rentals
and single-family homes predominantly for
staff — and off campus.
“There is an acute housing shortage in
thecountyandweusedthattodemonstrate
thatwewillmeetenrollmentandoccupancy
goals,” Gormley said.
CSUCIenlistedthedesign-buildcompany
Sundt Construction to build the Santa Rosa
Villagewiththehelpofthearchitecturefirm
Solomon Cordwell Buenz.
The project will draw its water from the
Camrosa Water District, as allotted in the
school’s master plan, Gormley said.
University officials are in the process of
developingafourthphaseofstudenthousing,
whichwillbeimplementedoverthenextfive
years, he said.
“The demand is there,” Gormley said.
patientscouldgrow100contiguoussquare
feet of marijuana for personal use and the
cityisonlyoneoftwointhetri-countyarea
thatallowsdispensaries;Goletaistheother.
AsofJanuary,SantaBarbarahadapproved
twomedicalcannabisstorefronts—oneon
upper State Street in the Ontare Plaza and
another at 118 N. Milpas St. One more per-
mit is currently up for grabs.
Ryan Howe, a Los Angeles native who
relocated to Santa Barbara, secured a me-
dicinal marijuana permit to open the dis-
pensary on Milpas Street.
“They’ve provided a wonderful basis
for us to exist,” said Howe, explaining that
Santa Barbara has been fairly lenient in its
regulations. “Santa Barbara is an alterna-
tive healthcare mecca. Our city is way out
ahead (in lenient regulations), and our ag-
ricultural community will back medicinal
marijuana.”
According to California law, cannabis
dispensariesmustoperateasnonprofitcol-
lectives or clubs. Only members of these
clubsareallowedtocultivate,manufacture,
dispenseandpurchasecannabisproducts,
creating a vertically integrated system.
Dispensary owners like Howe work
with cultivators in their collective and, ac-
cording to county zoning laws, must lease
farms that are out of city limits but within
the tri-county area. Once his dispensary
opens, Howe will also establish a commer-
cial kitchen at a different location in the
citytoproduceediblesandothercannabis
oil-based products.
Howe hopes to establish the Canopy
Health and Wellness Center as a support
system for the community. He has already
creatededucationalvideosandplanstohire
retired healthcare professionals for direct-
to-home healthcare services.
In July, the Santa Barbara City Council
decidedunanimouslytoplacea20percent
medicinalandrecreationalmarijuanabusi-
ness license tax on the November ballot.
The city of Grover Beach in San Luis
ObispoCountyapprovedasimilarNovem-
berballotmeasureinJuly,albeitproposing
a much lower tax of 10 percent for recre-
ationalcannabisand5percentformedical
cannabis.
Santa Barbara’s proposed tax is much
higherthanthatoftherestofthestate,but
City Councilmember Randy Rowse sug-
gestedthat“ratherthanoperatinginadefi-
cit manner, we are proposing this number
as a ceiling ... it can be later reduced if jus-
tified.”
Under Proposition 64, which would le-
galize recreational cannabis use, buyers of
recreationalormedicalcannabiswouldpay
a 15 percent excise tax. Recreational sales
wouldincludethe20percentSantaBarbara
tax on top of California sales tax. Medical
marijuanauserswouldnothavetopaysales
tax.
“In our last round of having dispensa-
ries, we discovered many costs in terms of
auditingandenforcementthatweren’tclose
tobeingcovered,”saidRowse,addingthat
the revenue will help prevent “nuisance is-
sues” that may arise near dispensaries.
Santa Barbara City Financial Planner
Robert Samario estimates $1.1 million in
annualtaxrevenuefromthethreemedical
marijuana dispensaries. The city plans to
usethetaxrevenueforpermitauditingand
other administrative fees.
But Santa Barbara County District At-
torneyJoyceDudleysaidthattheproposed
taxratecouldleadtoanincreasedreliance
by consumers on underground cannabis
markets. She said she hopes tax revenue
willbeusedforeducation,treatment,polic-
ingandzoningregulations,aswellasresti-
tution to crime victims.
Ventura County prohibits medical can-
nabis dispensaries and San Luis Obispo
Countyhaslongobstructedbrick-and-mor-
tar dispensaries with zoning restrictions,
buttheirrulesmightchangeaccordinglyif
Prop. 64 is successful in November.
Santa Barbara also has plans to intro-
duce specific ordinances for delivery ser-
vices, of which there are more than 20 in
the Santa Barbara area. City Attorney Ariel
Calonne said the city will present a draft of
the ordinance in September.
Inadditiontolegalizingrecreationaluse,
Prop. 64 places a $100 cap on medicinal
cannabis cards, which can cost as much as
$175ontheCentralCoast,andlowerspen-
alties for cannabis-related crimes, which
could reduce sentences for those charged
with crimes in medical cannabis industry.
Itistooearlytospeculateaboutapoten-
tial marijuana tourism market, said Presi-
dent and CEO of Visit Santa Barbara Kathy
Janega-Dykes,buttheorganizationwillbe
closely monitoring the outcome of the le-
galization measure.

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17.21 Rams 7-29-2016

  • 1. July 29 - August 4, 2016 Proudly serving Santa Barbara, Ventura and San Luis Obispo counties Vol. 17, No. 21 By Supriya Yelimeli Special to the Business Times TaxmeasuresontheNovemberballotcould reshape the landscape for tri-county medical marijuana providers. In October 2011, federal prosecutors launched a crackdown on medical marijuana dispensaries throughout California, virtually sweepingoutbrick-and-mortarstorefrontson the Central Coast. In response, many dispen- saries repurposed themselves as delivery ser- vices. Four years later, in October 2015, the state legislature passed the California Medical Mar- ijuanaRegulationandSafetyAct,athree-part package of laws that gave local governments a March 1, 2016 deadline to create their own ordinances regarding cannabis. Several cities in the Tri-Counties, includ- ing Paso Robles, Camarillo, Fillmore, Oxnard, Port Hueneme, Thousand Oaks and Santa Paula,decidedtobancannabiscultivationfor personal use within their cities. Santa Barbara decided that qualified Taxmeasurescouldalterpotmarket This has been a big year for green energy. Anti-nucleargroupsarecelebrating an agreement to close Diablo Canyon nuclear plant near San Luis Obispo, so- lar costs are on par with conventional resourcesandabigwindturbineproject offshoreatMorroBayismovingrapidly through the approval process. The Public Policy Institute of Califor- niareportedonJuly27that10yearsafter the state’s groundbreaking AB 32 legis- lation,62percentoflikelyvoterssupport strict limits on greenhouse gas emis- sions. A proposal to enact even deeper cutsgarners58percentapprovalandthe PPIC reports likely voters say they would pay more for energy to reduce global warming. But beneath the surface there are growing questionsaboutthefutureforenergyproduction inCaliforniaandwhatwillhappenwhenvoters realizethefullcostofachievinganewtargetof PCBT stock index yields big return By Marissa Nall Staff Writer Investorswhoweresmartenoughtofollow the stocks in the Pacific Coast Business Times indexwouldbelookingatdoubledigitreturns duringthepastyear,asmarketsveeredtoward defense and technology sector stocks. Now celebrating its 10th anniversary year, theindexwasup12.7percentfortheyearend- ed July 22. Launched in partnership with the UC Santa Barbara Economic Forecast Project on Jan. 20, 2006, the index currently tracks a mix of 25 regional companies and companies with large operations in the Tri-Counties. The original list of 30 stocks contained a heavy mix of technology and biotech compa- nies,withafewrepresentativesofthefinancial services, agribusiness, energy, retail and com- municationssectors.Atitsdebut,itwasalready outperforming the national indices. “Judgingbytheperformanceofthe30com- paniesintheBusinessTimesIndexsinceJanu- ary 2001, they’re used to beating the market’s versionofstatusquo,”wroteformerstaffwriter Kevin Kreutz, when he introduced the index a decadeago,comparingafive-yearstreakof16 Votersbackgreenenergybutmaybalkathigherbills Michael Felix, a manager at Pro Image Sports in Ventura, expects Rams merchandise to be his third best seller after the Cowboys and Raiders — as long as they win. Rams fever, take 2 VenturaCountybusinesseswin asNFLreturnstoLA By Philip Joens Staff Writer Two new football fields glistened under thesummersunasworkersaroundthemdug holes and built curbs from freshly poured concrete,racingtowardalateAugustdead- line when the Los Angeles Rams will move into their new practice facility in Thousand Oaks. City officials are pumped that the Rams arecomingbacktoThousandOaksafter22 years and report that the Rams are buying houses in the area and services from local businesses. VenturaCountyretailersarealreadyfeel- ing the team’s presence with an increase in sales,monthsbeforefootballseasonbegins. At the Pro Image Sports store in Ven- tura’s Pacific View Mall, 23 racks of T- shirtshungonabackwall.Elsewhereinthe store,15navyblueandgoldracksofhatssat PHILIPJOENSPHOTO see RAMS on page 19A see MARIJUANA on page 18A see STOCKS on page 19A see DUBROFF on page 17A henry dubroff Editor $1.50 Channel Islands Aviation celebrates 40 years See page 3A THE INDEX THE LIST: Women-owned.... . . . . . . 14A Commentary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A Leads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A Newsmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5A REAL ESTATE . . . . . . . . . 4A Higher rents squeeze residents AGRICULTURE. . . . . . . . 6A Peso decline bad for growers Energy & Environment Replacing Diablo Canyon with renewables not easy See page 7A
  • 2. 18A Pacific Coast Business Times July 29 - August 4, 2016 July 29 - August 4, 2016 Pacific Coast Business Times 19A Workers build a practice facility for the Rams at California Lutheran University. RAMS Continued from page 1A MARIJUANA Continued from page 1A An artist’s rendering of the Santa Rosa Village housing project at CSU Channel Islands. SOLOMONCORDWELLBUENZRENDERING CSUCI Continued from page 3A STOCKS Continued from page 1A CI AVIATION Continued from page 3A NIKBLASKOVICHPHOTO introduced to the owner of Santa Cruz Island, Dr. Carey Stanton, Oberman embarked on his first charter flight to Santa Cruz Island in 1975. A year later, the Camarillo Air- port took shape on what once was the Oxnard Air Force Base. Oberman and his wife Janie placed a successful bid to operate at the airport and Channel Islands Aviation was born. “Bytheendofthefirstweek,wehadexceededourpro- jection for the end of the first year,” Oberman said. “The hangar was full, we were selling fuel. At the beginning we hadonefellawhowasansweringtheradio,thephoneand drove the fuel truck. That didn’t last long.” The family-owned, Camarillo-based company cele- brated its 40th year in business by inking a new lease with VenturaCounty.ChannelIslandsAviationsigneda30-year leaseinMayforabout100,000squarefeetofspacehousing its operations at the airport. CI Aviation is the oldest full-service, fixed-base opera- tor in the Tri-Counties, providing a charter service, a flight school,fuel,storagespace,aircraftmaintenanceandsales, saidSarahObermanBartush,Oberman’sdaughterandthe company’s chief marketing officer. “There are only a small handful of companies who do what we do from here to San Diego County,” said Bartush, whohasruntheflightschoolforthepast10yearswiththe help of her brother. “As the county has been growing, our charter business and flight school businesses have grown along with it.” CI Aviation became a Cessna pilot center, Cessna ser- vicecenterandsingle-enginedealerin1976andquicklyes- tablisheditselfasaone-stop-shopforthoseintheindustry. Several airports in the region have closed, like the Ran- cho Conejo Airport in Newbury Park, which left a void and created an opportunity for CI Aviation, Oberman said. ThecompanyhasmultipleFederalAviationAdministra- tioncertificatesandoffersabachelor’sdegreeinaeronau- tics in conjunction with Liberty University in Virgina. Theaviationindustryhasbeenexperiencingasignificant pilotshortage.AnumberofflightschoolsclosingafterSept. 11, 2001 and through the recession — coupled with new regulations—havehandcuffedtheindustry,Bartushsaid. Pilots have to log 1,500 hours of total flight time, which is a drastic increase from the 250-hour standard in 2007, Bartush said. Fortunately, CI Aviation can grow its own pi- lots, she said. “Airlines are scrambling to get enough pilots,” Bartush said. “To become a pilot you have to make a $75,000 to $100,000 investment until you’re eligible for hire. It does take a while to see a return on investment.” Going forward, the company aims to add at least two jets to its charter service fleet in 2016. Oberman was 28 years old when he started CI Aviation, which at its height employed65people.Obermanandhiscurrentstaffofabout 40haveenduredfourrecessions.Hesaidhehasbeenlucky to have the support of his family the entire way through. “We have three generations here,” Oberman said. “I am exceptionallyluckythatthekidswanttocontinuethebusi- ness and do it better than dad.” waiting to be sold. Atthistimelastyear,justacoupleofracks hadmerchandise.Now,thestoreispreparing for even more as football season begins. “This is the offseason,” said Michael Fe- lix,amanageratthestore.“Weneverdisplay thismuchfootballstuffduringthesummer. If they play well, we’ll just explode.” Felix said Dallas Cowboys and Oakland Raidersmerchandisehavealwaysbeenmost popularatthestore,wherehe’sworkedsince 1991. But he said Rams stuff always sold, even during the team’s stint in St. Louis. “The Rams were always a good seller whenthey’replayinggood.Theyhaveanat- ural fan base here already,” Felix said. “The yeartheywontheSuperBowl,theywereone ofourtopthreesellingteams.Themmoving back has reenergized everything.” Felixsaidduringbaseballseason,salesof merchandise for opponents of the Los An- geles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheimincreasebeforegames.Hesaidhe expectstoseethesametrendwhentheRams play home games in Los Angeles. Felix said the Rams will be the store’s thirdbest-sellingteambehindtheCowboys and Raiders if they win. Thatmaybeaproblem.Overtheirlast12 years in St. Louis, the team never finished with a winning record and only twice fin- ished the year with a record of 8-8. “There’sgoingtobeahoneymoonperiod, then we’ll see what happens,” Felix said. OnJan.20,theSt.LouisRamsannounced theywouldmovetoLosAngelesforthe2017 season. After that, the team scrambled to findplacestotrainduringtheoffseason,host trainingcampthisAugustandpracticelater this fall. “We did the field first and they were al- ready grading the field while we were still designing the parking lot,” said Susanne Cooper, a civil engineer at Jensen Design & Survey, a Ventura-based engineering firm thathandlesplanning,surveying,engineer- ing and permitting at the Thousand Oaks site. BytheendofFebruary,Jensenhadstarted designingplansfortheRams’newtemporary practice facility on the California Lutheran University campus. By late April, construc- tionhadstartednearCalLutheran’sRolland Stadium and Sparky Anderson Field. Whenfinished,a50,000-square-foottem- porary structure will house a weight room, training room, a media center and office space. The building is made up of pre-built modular rooms, each about the size of a semi-trailer, that were hoisted into place by a crane. Thefacilitiesaredesignedtolastthreeto fiveyearsandtheschool’sfootballteamwill use the fields once the Rams move out. Construction will be completed by the end of August. Two new practice fields will bereadyonSept.2,whichtheteamwilluse aftercompletingtrainingcampatUCIrvine in August. CalLutheranalreadyplannedonadding additional practice football fields on the lot wheretheRamsarebuilding.In2004,Thou- sand Oaks’ planning commission approved a $40 million plan for CLU to build new athletics stadiums, a gym and a swimming poolinthenorthernpartofthecampus.That made it easy to get the fields fast-tracked. “Our approval process with the city was pretty straight forward because all the city was asked to approve were the two build- ings,” said Robert Talmadge, another en- gineer working on the project. “Where the fieldswere, wheretheparking waswereac- tuallyfairlyclosetowhatwehadintheorigi- nal approval.” Before the Rams move into their new digs, a laundry list of things must be done. Roads, sidewalks and parking lots all need to be paved. A weight room with bare walls needs to be painted and equipped. Fields needtobepaintedandrampsinandoutof doors need to be built. Talmadgesaidnormallyjusttheconstruc- tion would take at least a year to complete. The Rams will practice in Thousand Oaks for at least two years while their $2.2 billion Inglewood stadium is being built.Untilconstructionendsintimeforthe 2019season,theteamwillplayhomegames at the Los Angeles Coliseum. TheRamsareexcitedtobeintheregion. Tucked away in an Agoura Hills office complex, next to PennyMac Loan Services and tech marketing company TouchCom- merce,sitsthenewRamscorporateoffice.In all,120employeesmovedfromSt.Louisand ahandfulofMissourilicenseplatescouldbe seen in the parking lot on July 18. As with nearly everything, this office is temporary.InSeptember,theteamwillmove intoanother,morepermanent,officeacross the street that will serve for the next three years. The team has already taken the field. FromMarch28-June24,theteamheldinfor- malspringpracticesatOxnard’sRiverRidge Fields where the Dallas Cowboys started training camp July 28. BusinessleadersinThousandOakspride themselvesonnotofferingtaxincentivesto attract companies to the area. Rather, they say great year-round weather and a warm senseofcommunityattractmanybusinesses to the region. On June 23, Kevin Demoff, executive vicepresidentoffootballoperationsandthe team’schiefoperatingofficer,saidataGreat- er Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce breakfastthatthecommunityhelpedattract the Rams to the area. “Wehavereceivedaterrificwelcomefrom communityleadersandresidentsinVentura Countyandbeyond,”aRamsspokeswoman said. “There are many reasons why we relo- catedtheteamhere,includingterrifichous- ingandschools,awonderfulcommunityand a really great environment for our franchise to be part of.” Once the Rams’ office is complete in September,theteamwillturnitsattentionto findingapermanentcorporateheadquarters. Demoff said at the event the team is look- ingtobuilda“miniInglewood”development with 50 to 60 acres of land for their perma- nent home. He’ssaidpubliclyinthepastthatfootball isuniquebecausegamesareweeklyandso infrequentthatteamsdon’tneedofficesinor nearhomestadiums.Thespokeswomandid not say where the Rams are looking to put their permanent base, but Demoff said the team is considering Thousand Oaks. “We’relookingtoseeifwecanmakethis ourhomepermanently,”Demoffsaidatthe event. Haider Alawami, Thousand Oaks eco- nomicdevelopmentmanager,saidheisglad to have the team practicing in the city. “They’regoingtogoshopping,they’rego- ingtogoouttorestaurants.They’regoingto helpusandhelpthelocaleconomyontopof having the training facility here,” Alawami said. “Athletes have a little more spending moneythantypicalemployees,soweexpect to see a little uptick in our sales tax and rev- enues.” Rams owner Stan Kroenke lives nearby in Malibu and Coach Jeff Fisher also has ties to the area. FishergrewupinCulverCityandstarred at Taft High School in Woodland Hills. To- day,hisparentsRogerandJanetteFisherlive in Thousand Oaks. Alawami said the Rams initially reached out to Cal Lutheran to see if the school was interested. A meeting between the team, CLU President Chris Kimball and city coun- cilmembers was quickly assembled. “We told them, ‘Tell us what you’re look- ingforandwhatyouneed,andwe’llmakeit happen,’ ” Alawami said. percent returns to slow declines for the S&P 500. Butgainsinthestockpriceforitscurrentmixof25com- paniesreflect abroaderflight towardtheperceivedsafety and high returns of the defense and technology industry. “Interestrateshavecollapsedandsoeverybodyislook- ing for income at any price, yield at any price,” said Todd Lowenstein,managingdirectorforHighMarkCapitalMan- agement. “Because of that, they’re crowding into areas of the market like utilities, like telecom services, like consum- er staples, like real estate investment trusts.” Negative interest rates in countries like Germany, Swit- zerlandandJapanhavespurredforeigninvestmentinU.S.- denominated assets, he said, bidding up prices for utilities andcommunicationscompaniesmorethan20percentthis year. “I’ve got news for you: their fundamentals didn’t get 20 percentbetter,”Lowensteinsaid.“Theactivityofinvestors canrendersafeassetsunsafe...Zeroratesandnegativerates, we’ve never been here before. This is uncharted territory.” Defense and technology companies like Amgen, Lock- heed,RaytheonandTeledynewithtriple-digitstockprices have more sway on the overall success of the index than newercompanieslikeGoleta-basedAppFolioandSanLuis Obispo’s MindBody, both software developers. Consumer staples-provider Procter & Gamble, which closed the week at $85.72, would also outweigh financial institutions like Bank of America, Community West Banc- shares and Heritage Oaks Bancorp, priced below $20, whichhavestruggledtoincreaseprofitsamidthelowinter- est rates. “You’re seeing some of the distortions right now,” Low- ensteinsaid.“You’reseeingmisallocationsofcapital,you’re seeing malinvestment ... Investors should be mindful of intrinsic value and the cash flow characteristics and what something’sworth.Rightnowthey’realittleblindedbythis Twilight Zone that we’re in.” A portfolio following the stocks in the index would be yielding good returns — especially compared to some broader, more representative portfolios – but it alone shouldn’t be considered a barometer for economic health in the region, said Peter Rupert, professor of economics at UCSB and director of the Economic Forecast Project. Fac- torslikeemploymentareequallyasimportanttoconsider, he said. “It’shardtolookatindividualorsmallnumbersofstocks and measure whether our region is doing really well,” Ru- pert said. “Prices can mean a lot of things, not necessarily related to the fundamentals.” Comparing them to market capitalization-weighted funds, like the S&P 500 and the Russell 2000, is also some- whatmisleading,hesaid.Thesamecompanieswoulddom- inatetheindexwereitmeasureddifferently,butpricesare more volatile than a company’s market cap. Those indices also generally track established, low- growthcompanieswithconsistentreturns,Lowensteinsaid. The Business Times index hit a high of 1,581.07 on Dec. 24, up 1.4 percent from the previous year. It ended July 22 at 1,451.14. AmongthefastestgrowerswereInphi,MindBody,Sem- tech, Resonant and Raytheon, with more than 30 percent gains year-over-year. Sientra trailed the pack with a 70.1 percent loss, followed by California Amplifier, Bank of America, QAD, Wells Fargo and Deckers Outdoor, who all fell more than 10 percent in the same period. Thenationalindicesdisplayedrecordhighsthismonth, with the S&P 500 closing at 2,129.90 July 8, up 6.4 percent year-to-date and 2.2 percent since last year. The Russell 2000closedat1,212.89July22up6.8percentyear-to-date but down 4.3 percent from last year. Anotherprice-weightedindex,theDowJonesIndustrial Average,wasup6.6percentyear-to-dateand2.7percentfor the year. On July 22, it was at a high of 18,570.85. The NAS- DAQwasup1.9percentyear-to-dateanddown2.1percent for the year. Cal Poly San Luis Obispo is building a 1,475-bedon-campusdormitoryandisplan- ninga420-unitworkforcehousingdevelop- ment near its Grand Avenue entrance. Cal Poly aims to partner with a developer who would front the construction cost and lease the land from the university. Charles Munger, the 92-year-old vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, pledged $200milliontobuildasizeablestudenthous- ingprojectontheUCSantaBarbaracampus. “Agenciesorentitieslikestateuniversities haveaneasierroadtotheapprovalprocess- es,” Hamilton said. CLU projected that public entities will increasinglydevelopresidentialprojectsbe- causetheyfacelowerfeesandfewerhoopsto jump through than the private sector, Ham- ilton said. In its 14-year history, CSUCI has in- creased its enrollment from 500 to about 6,000 students, growing about 8 percent a year. Its long-term goal is to reach 15,000 studentsandmorethan4,500student-hous- ing beds. Growing its student base will give CSUCI new opportunities in regard to addi- tionalprograms,bothinacademicsandath- letics, Gormley said. “It will allow us to expand our academic programs. Athletics have been discussed as well,” he said. In 2004, CSUCI completed the 350-bed first phase of student housing, Anacapa Vil- lage. The second phase, Santa Cruz Village, openedin2007toaccommodateanother464 students. “Santa Rosa Village represents an essen- tial and exciting milestone in CI’s evolution as the nation’s fastest-growing public uni- versity,” outgoing CSUCI president Richard Rush said in a news release. RushwillbereplacedbyErikaBeckatthe beginning of the 2016-17 school year. CSUCIhashadtoadapttosatisfyagrow- ingdemandforon-campushousing—more than 1,200 students wanted to live on cam- pus in the 2014-15 school year. It has had to triple-bunk students in residence halls and lease additional apartments in University Glen — a 900-unit mix of subsidized rentals and single-family homes predominantly for staff — and off campus. “There is an acute housing shortage in thecountyandweusedthattodemonstrate thatwewillmeetenrollmentandoccupancy goals,” Gormley said. CSUCIenlistedthedesign-buildcompany Sundt Construction to build the Santa Rosa Villagewiththehelpofthearchitecturefirm Solomon Cordwell Buenz. The project will draw its water from the Camrosa Water District, as allotted in the school’s master plan, Gormley said. University officials are in the process of developingafourthphaseofstudenthousing, whichwillbeimplementedoverthenextfive years, he said. “The demand is there,” Gormley said. patientscouldgrow100contiguoussquare feet of marijuana for personal use and the cityisonlyoneoftwointhetri-countyarea thatallowsdispensaries;Goletaistheother. AsofJanuary,SantaBarbarahadapproved twomedicalcannabisstorefronts—oneon upper State Street in the Ontare Plaza and another at 118 N. Milpas St. One more per- mit is currently up for grabs. Ryan Howe, a Los Angeles native who relocated to Santa Barbara, secured a me- dicinal marijuana permit to open the dis- pensary on Milpas Street. “They’ve provided a wonderful basis for us to exist,” said Howe, explaining that Santa Barbara has been fairly lenient in its regulations. “Santa Barbara is an alterna- tive healthcare mecca. Our city is way out ahead (in lenient regulations), and our ag- ricultural community will back medicinal marijuana.” According to California law, cannabis dispensariesmustoperateasnonprofitcol- lectives or clubs. Only members of these clubsareallowedtocultivate,manufacture, dispenseandpurchasecannabisproducts, creating a vertically integrated system. Dispensary owners like Howe work with cultivators in their collective and, ac- cording to county zoning laws, must lease farms that are out of city limits but within the tri-county area. Once his dispensary opens, Howe will also establish a commer- cial kitchen at a different location in the citytoproduceediblesandothercannabis oil-based products. Howe hopes to establish the Canopy Health and Wellness Center as a support system for the community. He has already creatededucationalvideosandplanstohire retired healthcare professionals for direct- to-home healthcare services. In July, the Santa Barbara City Council decidedunanimouslytoplacea20percent medicinalandrecreationalmarijuanabusi- ness license tax on the November ballot. The city of Grover Beach in San Luis ObispoCountyapprovedasimilarNovem- berballotmeasureinJuly,albeitproposing a much lower tax of 10 percent for recre- ationalcannabisand5percentformedical cannabis. Santa Barbara’s proposed tax is much higherthanthatoftherestofthestate,but City Councilmember Randy Rowse sug- gestedthat“ratherthanoperatinginadefi- cit manner, we are proposing this number as a ceiling ... it can be later reduced if jus- tified.” Under Proposition 64, which would le- galize recreational cannabis use, buyers of recreationalormedicalcannabiswouldpay a 15 percent excise tax. Recreational sales wouldincludethe20percentSantaBarbara tax on top of California sales tax. Medical marijuanauserswouldnothavetopaysales tax. “In our last round of having dispensa- ries, we discovered many costs in terms of auditingandenforcementthatweren’tclose tobeingcovered,”saidRowse,addingthat the revenue will help prevent “nuisance is- sues” that may arise near dispensaries. Santa Barbara City Financial Planner Robert Samario estimates $1.1 million in annualtaxrevenuefromthethreemedical marijuana dispensaries. The city plans to usethetaxrevenueforpermitauditingand other administrative fees. But Santa Barbara County District At- torneyJoyceDudleysaidthattheproposed taxratecouldleadtoanincreasedreliance by consumers on underground cannabis markets. She said she hopes tax revenue willbeusedforeducation,treatment,polic- ingandzoningregulations,aswellasresti- tution to crime victims. Ventura County prohibits medical can- nabis dispensaries and San Luis Obispo Countyhaslongobstructedbrick-and-mor- tar dispensaries with zoning restrictions, buttheirrulesmightchangeaccordinglyif Prop. 64 is successful in November. Santa Barbara also has plans to intro- duce specific ordinances for delivery ser- vices, of which there are more than 20 in the Santa Barbara area. City Attorney Ariel Calonne said the city will present a draft of the ordinance in September. Inadditiontolegalizingrecreationaluse, Prop. 64 places a $100 cap on medicinal cannabis cards, which can cost as much as $175ontheCentralCoast,andlowerspen- alties for cannabis-related crimes, which could reduce sentences for those charged with crimes in medical cannabis industry. Itistooearlytospeculateaboutapoten- tial marijuana tourism market, said Presi- dent and CEO of Visit Santa Barbara Kathy Janega-Dykes,buttheorganizationwillbe closely monitoring the outcome of the le- galization measure.