2. FAMILY SOLANACEAE
Members of this Family usually have:
• Regular flowers with five petals
• Five stamens attached to the corolla tube
• Leaves are alternate, variable, and may be
entire or dissected, without stipules, and are
usually alternate
• Flowers have five petals and are generally
actinomorphic.
• Superior ovary.
4. • Leaves are simple, petiolate, cordate or
semicordate shaped, evenly spaced,
acuminate apex and winged petiole.
• The apex is acuminate, winged petiole, frilled
auricle clasping the stem.
• The glandular hairs on the surface of leaves
excrete germs which makes surface sticky
6. Dried tobacco leaves- economically
important
Dried tobacco leaves are mainly
used for smoking in cigarettes ,
cigars , pipe tobacco.
Tobacco use is a risk factor for
many diseases , especially those
affecting the heart , liver and lungs ,
as well as many cancers. Nicotine is
the most abundant of the volatile
alkaloids in the tobacco leaf.
Nicotine is a colorless, and volatile
liquid alkaloid found in smoking and
smokeless tobacco which turns
brown and acquires the odor of
tobacco upon exposure to air. The
alkaloid is water-soluble and forms
water-soluble salts.
7. Bioactive compound of Tobacco
Tobacco contains thousands of bioactive compounds which may
act as inhibitors of specific enzymes. Neuronal nitric oxide
synthase (nNOS), a flavoenzyme, becomes dysregulated during
ischemia. Thus, selective nNOS inhibitors are needed to improve
treatment for stroke and head injury. Studies were initiated using
2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-napthoquinone (TMN), a tobacco-derived
flavoprotein inhibitor (Khalil et al., 2003), and the structurally
similar 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione) to evaluate
their effects on nNOS activity. Both compounds inhibited the
conversion of [14C] L-arginine to [14C] L-citrulline as well as
NADPH oxidation in concentration-dependent manners.
8. Pharmacology of nicotine
The tobacco-like plant Nicotiana benthamiana
can be used to produce potential anti-cancer
drugs. Researchers of Wageningen UR
(University & Research centre) discovered which
genes in the herb feverfew are responsible for
the production of bioactive ingredients that are
used in various types of medication
9. Inflorescence:
• Inflorescence is panicle.
• Flowers are pedicillate and
hermaphrodite, having five sepals
forming a calyx tube, corolla tube 10-
15mm long and 2-3 mm wide, lower
half is cylindrical, pale green or
creamy, upper half similar in color or
pink to red.
• Stamens are inserted on the base of
corolla, erect with four stamens of
same length and the fifth being
shorter.
• Ovary is superior, bicarpellary with
axile placentation and numerous
ovules.
• It has slender style, capitate stigma,
narrow, elliptic, ovoid and blunt
capsule and numerous minute seeds.
11. • A branched, fibrous, root system is formed either by
the seedling tap root, or by adventitious roots in
tuber grown plants.
• Simple or compound inflorescence, flowerig
profusely. Bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple
flowers with yellow stamens.
• Tuber is round, oval or round oval or oblong with
white or red skin.
• Potatoes are cross-pollinated mostly by insects
• Any potato variety can also be propagated
vegetatively by planting tubers or pieces of tubers,
cut to include at least one or two eyes
13. Potato is a plant. The fleshy part of the root (potato) is commonly
eaten as a vegetable. Potato is also used to make medicine.
People take raw potato juice for stomach disorders and water
retention (edema). A purified protein powder made from potato is
mixed with water and used to control appetite for weight loss.
Some people put raw potato directly on the affected area for
arthritis, infections, boils, burns, and sore eyes.
In foods, potato is eaten, used as a source of starch, and
fermented into alcohol.
15. • Chili plants are both annuals and perennials.
• Leaves are variable in size, simple, lamina broadly
lanceolate to ovate, entire, thin, sub glabrous, tip
acumate, base cuneate or acute.
Main shoot is radial, one of the branches at each node
remains undeveloped and subtending bract. Bracts are adnate.
• Flowers are usually single and terminal, but due to branching
appears axillary.
• Ovary is 2 celled, simple style and stigma capitate, with white
or greenish stamens.
• Fruits are indehiscent, many –seeded berry, pendulous or
erect, borne singly at nodes variable in size, shape, color, and
degree of pungency.
16.
17. Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the
most popular fresh vegetables or ingredients
(condiments) that provide natural flavor and color. Its
color is provided by carotenoids and its flavor is
provided by capsaicinoids, which are considered
bioactive compounds due to their beneficial effect on
health. Moreover, the chili pepper also contains
other bioactive compounds, such as phenols and
vitamin C. The main process for its preservation and
marketing is drying, during which bioactive
compounds can be degraded.
18.
19. Tomato
• It is of two types:
o Determinant- frequent and less no. of flowers
o Indeterminant- less frequent but more no. of flowers
Phylum Anthophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Genus Solanum
Species lycopersicum
Chromosome no. 2n=24
20. .
• It is a perennial in its native habitat, but can be grown in
temperate climates as an annual.
• The leaves are compound, pinnatified with small leaflets.
The petiole is clasping. The main leaflet is shortly stalked,
ovate or oblong. Margin is irregularly toothed.
• Simple types of leaves with smooth margin also occur.
• Flowers are borne in small forked raceme cyme; with five
pointed lobes on the corolla; they are borne in a cyme of
three to 12 together.
21. Climatic Requirements
• Tomato is a warm season crop, requires warm and
cool climate and cannot withstand frost and high
humidity.
• Temperature below 100C and above 380C adversely
affects plant tissues thereby slow down
physiological activities, thrives well in temperature
100C to 300C with optimum range of temperature is
21-240C.
• The mean temperature below 160C and above 270C
are not desirable.
• Water stress and long dry period causes cracking
of fruits. Bright sunshine at the time of fruit set
helps to develop dark red coloured fruits.
22. Tomato is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world . It is
a key component of the Mediterranean diet, commonly associated
with a reduced risk of chronic degenerative diseases. The main
compounds are carotenoids such as β-carotene, a precursor of
vitamin A, and mostly lycopene, which is responsible for the red
colour, vitamins in particular ascorbic acid and tocopherols,
phenolic compounds including hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives
and flavonoids, and lectins. The content of these compounds is
variety dependent. Besides, unlike unripe tomatoes, which contain
a high content of tomatine (glycoalkaloid) but no lycopene, ripe red
tomatoes contain high amounts of lycopene and a lower quantity of
glycoalkaloids.
25. Brinjal
• Plant is herbaceous & perennial that is cultivated as an annual with
erect or semi spreading habits.
• Leaves are large, simple & lobed.
Phylum Anthophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Genus Solanum
Species melongena
Chromosome
no.
2n=24
26. • Flowers are large and showy with purple
corolla.
• Hermaphrodite flower, generally performs
self-pollination.
• Growth is indeterminate.
• The fruit is a berry, borne singly or in
clusters.
• Four types of flowers are there in Brinjal
• They are long-styled and medium-styled
flowers produced fruits whereas pseudoshort
styled and true short-styled flowers did not
set any fruit.
