The widely known SRK classification was developed by J Rasmussen as a means of identifying the types of errors that are likely to occur when performing industrial tasks in different situations. We believe that it can be used to provide insights into the reasons that errors can occur in the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals and hence, help guide the avoidance of such errors. A summary of how automation can be applied to reduce different types of manual errors in biomanufacturing can be found in our skill, rule & knowledge infographic. Download a copy here : www.Parker.com/Literature/Domnick%20Hunter%20Process%20Filtration%20Division/PAFD_literature/Life%20Sciences%20Literature/Life%20Sciences%20TAPS%20and%20Articles/FIL_DHP_LS_SRK_20140715.pdf

1. DEGREE OF
CONSCIOUS
INVOLVEMENT
KNOWLEDGE
RULE
SKILL
NOVEL
SITUATIONS
PERFORMED
COMPLETELY
CONSCIOUSLY
ROUTINE
TASK
PERFORMED
BY SOMEONE
HIGHLY
PRACTISED
WITH NO
CONSCIOUS
MONITORING
SPEED
OF TASK
EXECUTION
SLOW
FAST
AMOUNT
OF EFFORT
REQUIRED
EFFORTFUL
EFFORTLESS
TYPES
OF
ERROR
OVERLOAD DUE TO AMOUNT
OF INFORMATION
TO BE PROCESSED
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
LACK OF AWARENESS
ERRORS OF INTENTION IF
AN INCORRECT DIAGNOSTIC
IS APPLIED
SLIPS WHERE THE INTENTION
IS CORRECT BUT FAILURE
OCCURS PERFORMING
THE TASK
ATTENTION DIVERTED BY
DISTRACTIONS
UNFAMILIAR ACTIVITIES
ARE EMBEDDED IN
A FAMILAR CONTEXT
BIOPROCESS
SITUATION
WHERE
AUTOMATION
MAY HELP
RIGHT
FIRST TIME
MANUFACTURE
WHEN
BIOPROCESSES
ARE BEING
TRANSFERRED
INTO
THE FACILITY
COMMERCIAL
MANUFACTURE
WHERE
DEVIATIONS
ARE BEING
ATTRIBUTED TO
‘HUMAN-ERROR’
The Skill, Rule & Knowledge Based Classication was developed by J. Rasmussen as a means of
identifying the types of errors that are likely to occur when performing industrial tasks in dierent
situations. SRK information processing refers to the level of conscious control exerted by the operator
performing the task. The above diagram describes the three modes of operation, the types of error
associated with each and situations within bioprocessing where automation may resolve these issues.
Reference: David Embrey, Human Reliability Associates, UK.
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