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Guardiola + Chaos Theory
- 2. KEY POINT: • GUARDIOLA’S COACHING PHILOSOPHY CAN BE LINKED TO CHAOS THEORY DUE TO THE UNPREDICTABILITY THAT HE CREATES TACTICALLY FOR OPPOSING TEAMS.
- 3. BAYERN MUNICH PRE-GUARDIOLA: • WORLD CLASS PLAYERS • HEYNECKS AND VAN GAAL - PREDECESSORS • CONSISTENT TACTICAL APPROACHES • INJURY ENFORCED CHANGES BAYERN MUNICH LINEUP + FORMATION IN 2013 CHAMPIONS LEAGUE FINAL. (CREATED USING LINEUP11).
- 4. SOMETHING WAS MISSING: (WHITEHOUSE, 2014 P.175,176) INTENTIONS: • A MORE ATTRACTIVE STYLE OF PLAY • MAINTAIN A HOME-GROWN BLUEPRINT MANAGERIAL REQUIREMENTS: • A PIONEER FOR THE MODERN GAME THAT COULD TAKE THE CLUB FURTHER • TO COMPLIMENT THE FOUNDATIONS SET BY KLINSSMAN, VAN GAAL AND HEYNECKS
- 5. GUARDIOLA ENTERS… “GUARDIOLA HAS PROVEN TO BE ONE OF THE MOST TACTICALLY ASTUTE COACHES IN THE SPORT. WHEN PLAYERS TALK OF HIS COACHING THEY TALK OF AN EDUCATOR, A MAN WHO EXPLAINS ‘WHY’ IN EVERYTHING HE DOES” (WHITEHOUSE, 2014 P.174). • 14 MAJOR TROPHIES IN 4 YEARS AT BARCELONA • MODERN STYLE OF PLAY • HOME-GROWN REPUTATION FULL NAME: JOSEP PEP GUARDIOLA SALA COACHING BACKGROUND: BARCELONA B, BARCELONA AGE: 42 (NOW 45) NATIONALITY: SPAIN
- 6. GUILLEM BALAGUE ON GUARDIOLA:
- 7. IMPACT: (HONIGSTEIN, 2014). • MATCH PREPARATION SPECIFIC TO OPPOSITION • INNOVATIVE MICRO-MANAGEMENT • IN MATCH TACTICAL CHANGES • MORE FLUID, INTERCHANGING ATTACK • CREATED TACTICS TO SUIT INTERNAL WEAKNESSES
- 8. FACTS (MACGREGOR, 2015). • 9 FORMATIONS USED PLAYERS IN VARIOUS POSITIONS • IN GAME FORMATION CHANGES BAYERN’S 4-2-3-1 FORMATION
- 9. UNPREDICTABILITY THROUGH INNOVATION INNOVATION: • CREATIVELY APPLYING NEW, PURPOSELY MADE IDEAS TO A JOB OR TEAM, LEADING TO AN OUTCOME OF IMPROVED EFFECTIVENESS OR PERFORMANCE. (WEST & FARR, 1990. CITED BY SCHIPPERS, WEST & DAWSON, 2012) PEP’S INNOVATING FACTORS • ATTENTION TO DETAIL • INFLUENCED HEAVILY BY OTHER INNOVATORS
- 10. THE INNOVATOR INFLUENCING THE INNOVATION (GAULT, 2016) INFORMAL LEARNING DRAWBACKS: LEARNING BAD HABITS (MARSICK, 2009) - GUARDIOLA REVERSED THIS. MENTORING: WHEN A KNOWLEDGEABLE MEMBER OF AN ORGANIZATION ADDS VALUE TO THE PROTÉGÉ;S PROFESSIONAL CAREER. (MINCEMOYER & THOMSON, 1998 CITED BY LAMM & HARDER, 2011).
- 11. BARCELONA VS BAYERN (2015) CHAMPIONS LEAGUE SEMI FINAL IN ONE OF THE BIGGEST GAMES IN GUARDIOLA’S MANAGERIAL CAREER, HE STILL DECIDES TO INNOVATE INSTEAD OF ‘PLAY SAFE’.
- 12. DEFINING CHAOS THEORY (SMITH, 2007) IN A STRENGTH & CONDITIONING CONTEXT: • PERSONAL PERFORMANCE DEPENDENT UPON LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS TO ADAPT TO AN UNEXPECTED PHYSICAL CHALLENGE. CHAOS IN SPORT: ‘RANDOMNESS’ THAT REQUIRES VARIED REACTIONS, LEADING TO AN UNPREDICTABLE OUTCOME.
- 13. TRANSFERRING TO FOOTBALL TACTICS CHANGING WITHIN THE GAME: SENSITIVE DEPENDENCE: SMALL CHANGES IN A SYSTEM HAVING A DRAMATIC EFFECT ON THE END RESULT (MACK, HUDDLESTON, DUTLER & MINTAH, 2000) USING UNEXPECTED TACTICS: SIMPLE LAWS CAN CAUSE COMPLEXITY WHEN USED IN AN UNPREDICTABLE WAY (MACK, HUDDLESTON, DUTLER & MINTAH, 2000).
- 14. INNOVATION UNPREDICTABILITY CHAOS • PLAYING PLAYERS IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS. • TACTICS CHANGING WITHIN THE GAME. • NEW TACTICS AND PLAYING POSITIONS. • ATTENTION TO DETAIL. • NOT BEING ABLE TO PREDICT TACTICAL DECISIONS. • CONSTANTLY HAVING TO COUNTER IN GAME CHANGES. GUARDIOLA’S INNOVATION EXAMPLES
- 15. THE BEST TACTICAL RECIPE: (SINDIK & VIDAK, 2007) • CO-PLAYER PREDICTABILITY • REHEARSED TACTICS • IDEALISATION – ALWAYS SLIGHT UNPREDICTABILITY • OPPOSITION UNPREDICTABILITY • INABILITY TO RECOGNISE TACTICAL PATTERN • DIFFICULTY CREATING ADEQUATE TACTICAL PLANS CHAOS? DETERMINISTIC: FOLLOWING RULES THAT ARE NOT RANDOMLY CREATED WITHOUT ORDER (RABAJANTE, 2009).
- 16. BAYERN MUNICH VS ARSENAL CHAMPIONS LEAGUE GUARDIOLA PLAYED INVERTED WINGBACKS TO CUT INSIDE AND OVERPOWER THE ARSENAL MIDFIELD. ARSENAL WINGERS DIDN’T REACT TO THE CHAOS. BAYERN MUNICH DOMINATED THE GAME AS A RESULT. DAVID ALABA SCORED FROM THIS.
- 17. IS CHAOS INTENTIONAL? • GUARDIOLA STRIVES FOR PERFECTION. • PERFECTION IS UNREACHABLE (PACHT, 1984). • IS HE SO SPECIFIC TO EACH MATCH BECAUSE OF THIS OR DOES HE WANT CHAOS? “When a man says that he is perfect already, there is only one of two places for him, and that is Heaven or the lunatic asylum" (Tripp, 1970, cited by Pacht, 1984).
- 18. GUILLEM BALAGUE: GUARDIOLA WANTS PERFECTION BAYERN MUNICH 5-1 ARSENAL POST MATCH CONFERENCE (UEFA, 2014). • “WE HAVE REAL QUALITY IN THE SQUAD BUT WE LOST THE BALL TOO MUCH IN THE FIRST HALF.” • “I WANT 100% POSSESSION.” • “WE ARE NOT PERFECT YET, BUT WE ARE IMPROVEMENT STEP BY STEP.”
- 19. SUMMARY: • GUARDIOLA’S UNINTENTIONAL PATH TO CHAOS:
- 20. KEY REFERENCES • HONIGSTEIN, R. (2014). BAYERN MUNICH: FIVE THINGS PEP GUARDIOLA HAS DONE TO IMPROVE THEM. RETRIEVED 10/01/2016 FROM HTTP://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/FOOTBALL/BLOG/2014/FEB/17/BAYERN-MUNICH- FIVE-THINGS-PEP-GUARDIOLA-IMPROVE-THEM • MACK, M. HUDDLESTON, S. DUTLER, K. AND MINTAH, J. (2000). CHAOS THEORY: A NEW SCIENCE FOR SPORT BEHAVIOUR? • SINDIK, J. AND VIDAK, N. (2007). APPLICATION OF GAME THEORY IN DESCRIBING EFFICACY OF DECISION MAKING IN SPORTSMAN’S TACTICAL PERFORMANCE IN TEAM SPORTS. INTERDISCIPLINARY DESCRIPTION OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS. • SMITH, J. (2007). CHAOS THEORY. • WHITEHOUSE, M. (2014). UNIVERSALITY. THE BLUEPRINT FOR SOCCER’S NEW ERA: HOW GERMANY AND PEP GUARDIOLA ARE SHOWING US THE FUTURE FOOTBALL GAME.
Editor's Notes
- - For this assignment I had to choose a coach and link their philosophy or characteristic to a theory. I have chosen to do Pep Guardiola, focusing specifically on his time at Bayern Munich. This is his current managerial role which is about to come to an end and this presentation will feature an aspect that he brought and applied to the club that played a key role towards his success.
- Key point: It could be suggested that Guardiola’s philosophy, which heavily revolves around innovation, unpredictability and his aim for perfection has created a link to chaos theory. This study proposes the idea that chaos is not his direct intention, but that the coaching traits that he possesses causes chaos, placing it as a secondary factor that is produced by Guardiola's desire for perfection within his footballing approach. This project will therefore focus on the unpredictability, innovation and perfectionism within his coaching.
- - In 2013, Bayern Munich were a team that had won the Bundesliga 5 times in the last 10 years, suggesting they were the formidable force of German football (Bundesliga, 2016). - Jupp Heynckes and Louis Van Gaal; at this stage the current and previous manager respectively, had both won the Bundesliga, with Heynckes in his final season winning the champions league along with the league. The club were therefore in a good position on a national level, as well as in Europe and were considered as one of the best teams in the continent. - The team was extremely consistent and this could be suggested to have been a factor towards their success, with few injuries and consistency being vital in their campaigns. On top of this, Van Gaal and Heynckes shared a similar philosophy, with the same formation that was altered extremely rarely (Whitehouse, 2014).
- - With Heynckes set to retire and being considered as a short term manager due to his age, Bayern Munich had one eye on the macro environment, looking for a manager that would come in with a world class reputation and a long term plan. - On top of this, Bayern Munich wanted their next manager to possess a modern, attractive style of football (Whitehouse, 2014) and with the German national team at this stage containing 7 players from the club (National Football Teams, 2016), it was important that for German football that Bayern Munich would continue to focus the team around their home grown stars. - With the success from the previous managers obvious, the club thought that it was imperative that the foundations remained, but called for these foundations to be developed (Whitehouse, 2014).
- - Guardiola had won 14 Trophies in his four years at Barcelona, with the team that he had built being regarded as one of the best teams in history. Guardiola had got rid of former stars and made brave decisions at Barcelona (Whitehouse, 2016) and brought players through from the youth team to replace them. - His team were playing a modernised version of ‘total football’, which was attacking and exciting to watch. It was suggested that Guardiola played a key role in regards to Spain’s world stage domination, with the nation winning two European championships and a world cup between 2006-2012. - The 2008 world cup winning squad consisting of 8 Barcelona players (Goal, 2016) that had just won 4 trophies including the Spanish League (Barcelona, 2016), showing that he was good at introducing young players and building a home-grown culture.
- - Guillem Balague described Guardiola as being cool and composed on the outside, but suggests that when you look deeper in to his personality, he comes across as someone that is extremely passionate. - He compares Guardiola’s obsession and passion with football to an illness.
- - Honigstein (2014) highlighted the five aspects that Guardiola introduced to Bayern Munich, with all of them suggesting the team were more prepared for specific situations during matches. These were: - Match preparation being specific to the opposition; with more tactics being in place to counter opposition threats. - Innovative micro management, which meant Guardiola was playing players in the same position as usual, but was requesting subtle tweaks that required the player to operate in a different way within that role due to opposition weaknesses (Honigstein, 2014). - In match tactical changes were made, depending on the situation at the time. This varied from players swapping positions to the introduction of a completely new formation (MacGregor, 2015). - Guardiola created an attacking force that was more fluid, with attacking players interchanging positions, making it harder for opposition players to mark and track them. - He also set his team up in a way that would minimize the internal weaknesses of Bayern Munich, giving players that required more protection or stability less exposure and allowing them to play with more freedom (Honigstein, 2014).
- - As explained previously, Bayern Munich was well known for applying a 4-2-3-1 formation. Although Pep Guardiola did apply this formation himself, he was constantly altering positions and roles, leading to different formations being used (MacGregor, 2015). - It could be suggested that this was mainly due to his match specific preparation that Guardiola’s attention to detail enabled to occur. - In Bayern Munich’s first season under Guardiola, they played with nine different formations, leading to various tactical options for the team to use to counter specific threats and change the game in specific situations.
- - Despite being a quote from business literature, West and Farr’s (1990) definition of innovation can be linked to Guardiola’s coaching as he purposely introduced new tactical ideas to his Bayern Munich team, which was often resulting in consistently high levels of performance, with the tactics playing a vital role in getting positive results. - Two factors that could have made Guardiola one of the most innovative coaches on the planet could be the attention to detail that comes natural to his personality and the influences other innovators in the game have had on him through both his playing and coaching career.
- - Mincemoyer and Thomson’s (1998) statement suggests that through mentoring, Guardiola would have learned from Cruyff, with this increasing knowledge having a direct impact on how he would operate once his managerial career started, however, Marsick (2009) states that mentoring can lead to the learner being exposed to bad habits, which could hinder career development. - What is interesting about Guardiola, is that he seemed to have learned through Cruyff how to apply his strengths, but also more importantly, how to rectify the weaknesses (bad habits) that he was exposed to. This leads on to suggest that Guardiola was able to pick up on strengths and weaknesses, due to the attention to detail that is evident throughout his career and has therefore allowed him to innovate, using the foundations taught by Cruyff and adding his own ideas to further improve on the philosophy that they share.
- - This video is Bayern Munich travelling to Guardiola’s home; Barcelona. This was one of the biggest games of his career and Guardiola again showed his innovating personality by playing a new formation, with the aim of beating Barcelona with a perfect performance. - He set his team up man to man all over the pitch, leaving a defence which consisted of three players to be responsible for marking Messi, Neymar and Suarez. This was described as crazy by football experts, including Gary Neville (in the video). - What was interesting was that during the period where Bayern Munich operated within this system, they did not concede. It was when they reverted to a back four and changed their playing style during the match that resulted in them being defeated 3-0, suggesting Guardiola’s new idea could have paid off had he stuck to it.
- - As smith (2007) states, chaos is a state of confusion that lacks order, going on to put this in a sporting context defining it as random acts that lead to an unpredictable outcome. - Smith (2007) puts this in to strength and conditioning examples by looking at chaos in terms of the athlete not anticipating a specific physical skill level from the opposition or not knowing how the opposition is going to apply a specific action. - Most importantly, however, Smith (2007) suggests that the performance of the individual that is affected by chaos is not simply determined by how well they do their initial job, but how well they can react to counter the new unpredictable situation that they are in, using their pre competition preparations to overcome the challenge.
- - Following on from Smith’s (2007) statements, in footballing terms, chaos theory can be seen when a team applies an unexpected action (tactics) that required the opposition to react to remove the threat. - The fact that Guardiola used 9 different formations in his first season at Bayern Munich (MacGregor, 2015), provided various opportunities to cause chaos to the opposition as the team had many options. This lead to an unpredictable edge to match-preparation for the opposing teams. In addition to this, Guardiola's innovative ideas, which often contrasted the norms when looking at position specific roles, lead to the players having an advantage before a ball was kicked in most matches. - Guardiola changing tactics within the game, meant that even after the opposition had adapted to the changes (chaos), there was always a threat that it could all change again. Opposition team performances were frequently dependent on the ability to react to the chaos and overcome it, with most teams failing and Bayern Munich again winning the Bundesliga in 2014 (Bundesliga, 2016). It was a role of the dice to predict Guardiola’s tactical approaches, so teams had to adapt during the game.
- - It could be suggested that chaos was caused by Guardiola’s constant innovation as his new ideas were unable to be predicted. With him constantly looking for new ways of playing football to meet the strengths of his team, came unpredictable tactical expectations, leading to opposition teams being unable to be tactically prepared. - These factors such as the new tactics and playing positions, wide range of formation choices and Guardiola’s attention to detail when changing tactics within the game meant that opposition performances would often be determined by how well they could adapt to counter the changes and ideas implemented by Guardiola and Bayern Munich.
- - Here, Sindik and Vidak (2007) suggest that chaos can be at it’s most effective when the team are aware of all of their responsibilities, which will be unpredictable to the opposition, linking to Guardiola’s Bayern Munich team as they could fluidly understand 9 different formations which left opposing teams unaware of what Bayern’s tactical decisions would consist of. - This would have been achieved by Bayern Munich rehearsing their many tactics during training and despite the small unpredictability of how well the players could implement these tactics, the unpredictability did not match the effects of being unable to predict any of Guardiola’s innovative ideas, resulting in frequent inadequate tactical plans to overcome the challenge.
- - Guardiola’s innovation surprising everyone at home vs arsenal in champions league. How the full backs were inverted, packing the midfield and exposing arsenal. - This caused chaos for arsenal’s wingers, tracking the wingbacks in to positions that they lacked positional and tactical awareness in. Philip Lahm and David Alaba – two players that have experience on playing in field through Guardiola’s position shifting tactics was key in giving Bayern Munich the tactical edge during this match.
- - As Pacht (1984) suggests, perfection is unobtainable; suggesting that football performances always have room for improvement. Despite this, Guardiola is described as a man that desires perfection from his football team and it is suggested that the key components that he considers as important to do so are: match specific tactics and innovative ideas. From these factors, comes an unpredictability for opposition teams, resulting in chaos. - This provides opportunities for Guardiola's teams to dominate from start to finish, however, linking back to Pacht (1984), the reality is that these performances, although being put in at a very high level, will never be perfect.
- Here, Guilem Balague highlights the fact that Guardiola is seeking perfection from his team. This slide also contains quotes from Guardiola’s press conference after the 5-1 victory against Arsenal. His comments suggest that he was still not happy with the performance, despite it being one of the best performances in the tournament that year.
- - Chaos theory, although possibly a secondary effect caused by Guardiola seeking perfection in performances in addition to winning is an aspect that pep has created through his innovating tactics.
- - Barcelona Trophies. Retrieved 25/01/2016 from http://arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/futbol/palmares/palmares.html - Barcelona vs Bayern Munich Highlights. Retrieved 24/01/2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NY4C9F5oUYE - Bundesliga (2016). Retrieved 24/01/2016 from http://www.bundesliga.com/en/stats/history/ - David Alaba Goal. Retrieved 24/01/2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSEH1rGa--c - Macgregor, G. (2015). 9 Pep Guardiola formations from the last year demonstrating Bayern Munich's tactical flexibility. Retrieved 10/01/2016 from http://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/9-pep-guardiola-formations-last-year-demonstrating- bayern-munichs-tactical-flexibility#:lqZjCOyJ8_x0vQ - Gault, M. (2016) retrieved 11/01/2016 FROM http://thesefootballtimes.co/2016/01/07/pep-guardiola-the-thinker-who-reinvented-the-modern-game/ - Goal: Spain’s World Cup Squad retrieved 25/01/2016 from http://www.goal.com/en/news/1863/world-cup-2010/2010/05/20/1934011/world-cup-2010-spain-squad-barcelona-stars-victor-valdes - Lamm, A. and Harder, a. (2011) using mentoring as a part of professional development. - Marsick, V. (2009). Toward a unifying framework to support informal learning theory, research and practice. Journal of Workplace Learning. - National Football Teams . Retrieved 24/01/2016 from http://www.national-football-teams.com/country/71/2013/Germany.html - Pacht, A. (1984). Reflections of perfection. American Psychologist. Pep Guardiola: Another Way of Winning. Retrieved 24/01/2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QGeE3Wd-hg Rabajante, J. (2009). An analogy of chaotic system and organizational sociogram. Management and Business Practice Track. - UEFA Guardiola Press Conference Retrieved 24/01/2016 from http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2016/matches/round=2000634/match=2015723/postmatch/quotes/index.html