stainless steel arch wire used in dentistry.

1. Stainless Steel arch wire
Presented by – Riya Oswal
(BDS)
BVPU, Pune

2. Introduction
• Arch wires are passive as well active components
of fixed appliances.
• Orthodontic wires are formed into various
configurations or appliances in order to apply
forces to teeth to move them into the desired
position.

3. Ideal properties of Orthodontic wires
1. Esthetics
2. Stiffness
3. Strength
4. Springback
5. Formability
6. Biocompatibility
7. Biohostability
8. Joinability

4. Orthodontic arch wire material
• PRECIOUS METAL ALLOYS
• STAINLESS STEEL
• COBALT-CHROMIUM ALLOYS(ELGILOY)
• NICKEL-TITANIUM (NiTi) ALLOYS
• BETA TITANIUM( TMA)
• COMPOSITE PLASTIC

5. Stainless steel arch wires

6. History
SS,1912-
HARRY BREARLY of
SHEFFIELD
SS,1919-
KRUPPS DENTAL
POLYCLINIC by R.HAUPT
MEYER
SS(LIGATURE WIRES),1930-
ANGLE
1937, SS CONFIRMED AS
ORTHODONTIC
MATERIAL

7. Types of stainless steel wires
• Chromium-18%
• Nickle- 8%
• Carbon- 0.25%
Austenitic SS
• Chromium- 11.5-27%
• Nickle- 0-0.25%
• Carbon- 0.15-1.2%
Martensitic SS
• Chromium- 11.5-27%
• Carbon-0.2%
Ferretic SS

8. Austenitic Stainless steel
• For orthodontic purpose austenitic stainless
steel is used.
• 18:8 stainless steel ( 18% chromium and 8%
nickel)
• These alloys are often designated as American
Iron and Steel Institute(AISI) Series stainless
steels. (AISI 302 AND 304)

9. ROUND
MULTISTRANDED
RECTANGULAR

10. Advantageous properties
1. Most corrosive resistant
2. High yeild strength
3. High tensile strength
4. SS can be soldered and welded.
5. Greater ductility and ability to undergo more
cold work without breaking.
6. Substantial strengthening during cold working
7. Formability

11. Disadvantageous properties
1. Lower spring back
2. High modulus of elasticity
3. More frequent activations are required to
maintain the same force levels.
4. sensitization

12. Sensitization
SS Heated at 400-900 C
Chromium combines with carbon
Formation of Chromium carbide
Reduction in corrosion resistance

13. Method to avoid sensitization
1. Reduce carbon content
2. Stabilization
• Titanium is added 6 times that of carbon in SS.
• Ti has more affinity to form carbides than Cr
making Cr free.
3. Post weld heat treat

14. Australian orthodontic arch wires
• A. J. Wilcock of
Victoria, Australia,
produced the orthodontic
archwire to meet Dr.
Begg’s needs for use in
Begg technique.
• The wire produced has
certain unique
characteristics different
from usual stainless steel
wires.

15. Types/ grading and colour coding
• REGULAR GRADE : White label
• REGULAR PLUS GRADE : Green Label
• SPECIAL GRADE : Black Label
• SPECIAL PLUS GRADE : Orange Label
Each grade of wire is available in diameters of
0.010″, 0.012″, 0.014″, 0.016″, 0.018″, 0.020″,
0.022″.
They are supplied in the form of spools or cut
lengths of the wire

16. Clinical use of stainless steel wires
• Orthodontic stainless steel is the most widely
used alloy in orthodontics.
Its application as
• Arch wires
• Auxillaries -springs
• Retainers
• Removable appliances
• Bands , brackets etc.

18. Multistranded /braided or twisted
wires
• To increase the strength and to decrease the
stiffness.
• Used in initial stages of tooth alignment and
leveling without the need for loops.
Twisted
Coxial
Braided

19. Thankyou