A presentation on the antihypertensive effect of murraya Koenigii leaf extract

1. Project presentation
on
Literature Review : Anti-
hypertensive activity of Murraya
koenigii
By
Nwamu Raphaela Onyinye

2. INTRODUCTION
• Hypertension is a serious medical condition and can increase the risk of heart,
brain, kidney and other diseases. (WHO)
• Blood pressure(BP) can be defined as the pressure exercised by blood inside the
vessel walls. It is of two types: SBP(systolic blood pressure < 120mmHg) and DBP
(Diastolic blood pressure <80mmHg)
• In hypertensive patients SBP increase upper than 140mmHg or DBP elevate upper
than 90mmHg.
• Hypertension occurs when the body’s smaller blood vessels (the arterioles) narrow,
causing the blood to exert excessive pressure against the vessel walls and forcing
the heart to work harder to maintain the pressure.

3. ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES
• Antihypertensives are a class of drug that are used to treat hypertension.
Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood
pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction
• There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by
different means. Among the most important and most widely used medications
are Diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, vasodialators , and
beta blockers.

4. .
• Diuretics help the kidneys eliminate excess salt and water from the body's
tissues and blood.
• Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium
antagonists are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium
(Ca2+) through calcium channels
• ACE inhibitors inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE),
an enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II,
a potent vasoconstrictor.
• Vasodilators act directly on the smooth muscle of arteries to relax their walls
so blood can move more easily through them

5. Murraya koenigii
Murraya koenigii (Family: Rutaceae) commonly
known as curry tree or Kadi patta, is widely used in
Indian cookery for flavouring foodstuffs, and it is a
treasure of beneficial components which include
glycosides, carbazole alkaloids, koenigin, phenolic
compounds, flavanoids, resin and volatile oil
Kalyani et al.,2015.
Many pharmacological activities like vasodialtory,
antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, antiulcer, anti-
diarrheal, phagocytic, analgesic, antinociceptive
and wound healing have already been reported
Kalyani et al., 2015.

6. TAXONOMIC HIERCHY OF PLANT
• Domain: Eukaryota
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Phylum: Spermatophyta
• Subphylum: Angiospermae
• Class: Dicotyledonae
• Order: Rutales
• Family: Rutaceae
• Genus: Murraya
• Species: Murraya koenigii

7. PLANT
MORPHOLOGY
It is a small tree, growing 4–6 metres (13–
20 ft)) tall, with a trunk up to 40 cm (16 in)
diameter.
The aromatic leaves are pinnate, with 11–
21 leaflets, each leaflet 2–4 cm (3⁄4–
1+1⁄2 in) long and 1–2 cm (1⁄2–3⁄4 in)
broad.
The plant produces small white flowers
which can self-pollinate to produce small
shiny-black drupes.
The fruit pulp is edible, with a sweet flavor.

8. The tree is native to the Indian subcontinent. Commercial plantations
have been established in India, and more recently Australia. It grows
best in well-drained soil that does not dry out, in areas with full sun or
partial shade, preferably away from the wind. Growth is more robust
when temperatures are at least 18 °C (64 °F).
GROWING SEASON
Flowering starts from the middle of April and ends in the middle of May.
The fruiting season continues from the middle of July to the ending of
August
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT

9. METHODOLOGY
• The literature search was conducted using google scholar, PubMed and
connected papers online databases with key words being anti-hypertensive,
Murraya koenigii leaf, chemical composition and essential oils.
Additionally the safety evaluation of M koenigii leaves is explored.

10. ANTI-HYPERTENSIVEACTIVITY OF MURRAYA
KOENIGII
• Murraya koenigii are among a few herbal products which contain the Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. This enzyme inhibitor leads to its activity as an
antihypertensive food
• M. koenigii leaves effectively reduced high blood pressure in hypertensive rat model in
an animal study conducted by Kahani et al.,(2015)
• Essential oils obtained from Ocimum gratissimum and Murraya koenigii leaves in-vitro
revealed that the essential oils obtained in Murraya koenigii leaves extract contained
ACE enzyme inhibitors at a considerably high rate when compared with ocimum
gratissimum in an in-vitro study carried out by Oyeleye S,.(2014)
• These results are also in line with a similar study carried out by Norhayati K et al (2018).
which reported that the aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves had the highest ACE
inhibitory activity (91.20 ±4.15) when compared to aqueous extracts of C. longa, P.
speciosa, G. gynandra, C. asiatica, C. caudatus, P. minus, and C. longa

11. M. koenigii leaves effectively reduced high blood
pressure in hypertensive rat model in an animal study
conducted by Kahani et al.,(2015)
Effect of M. koenigii leaf extract at
different doses in normotensive group
120
60
94.58
43.87
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Negative control Amlodipine
(500ng/kg
Extract (150
mg/kg)
Extract (250
mg/kg)
Effect of M. koenigii leaf extract at different doses in
cadmium Chloride induced hypertensive control
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

12. • Murraya koenigii ethanol root extract was also reported to have an
antihypertensive activity as well as anti- protozoal activity in cats or
dogs.Bhakuni D et al (1969)
• In a more recent study conducted by Swami N et al.,(2020) they assessed, the pre
hypertension and evaluated the effectiveness of Murraya koenigii leaves on
reduction of blood pressure in adults and results revealed that Murraya koenigii
leaves is a cost effective method for treating pre hypertension in patients.
• In a similar study conducted by Arya S.,(2021) to test for the effect of powdered
leaves of Murraya koenigii on the blood pressure among hypertensive patients. It
was found that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-
test level of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in the patients
examined.

13. CONCLUSION
• From the reports of works done by various scholars, it can be concluded that Murraya
koenigii leaves and root extracts has an anti-hypertensive effect by acting as ACE
inhibitors, however more research should be carried out on the stem bark extract and
the phytochemical constituents responsible for its anti-hypertensive action.

14. REFERENCES
• Gaikwad P, Khan TN, Nalwade V (2013). Impact of curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) chutney
supplementation on hypertensive subjects.Int J Food Nutr Sci. ;2(2):68-72.
• Sharma US, Sharma UK, Singh A, Sutar N, Singh PJ (2010). In vitro antihelminth activity of Murraya
koenigii Linn. leaves extracts. Int J Pharma and Bio Science.;1(3):1-4.
• Kumar A, Tripathi A, Dora J, Tripathi R (2011). Antihelmintic activity of methanolic extract of Murraya
koenigii leaves (Linn). Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci. ;2(4):1698-700
• Kalyani HB, Ginpreet K, Aadesh K, Saloni D (2015). The Effect of Murraya koenigii Extract on
Therapeutic Efficacy of Amlodipine in Rats: Possible Drug-Herb Interaction. General Med 3: 1000153
doi:10.4172/2327-5146.1000153
• Takagi K, Shimomura K. (2015) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and antihypertension food.
2004-07-08 Patent No. JP2004189662
• Norhayati Mustafa Khalid1 & Abdul Salam Babji2 (2018). Antioxidative and Antihypertensive
Activities of Selected Malaysian ulam (salad), Vegetables and Herbs Journal of Food Research; Vol. 7,
No. 3; 2018 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n3p27
• Oyeleye, Sunday Idowu (2014). Effect of essential oils from (Ocimum gratissimum) and curry
(Murraya koenigii) leaves on key-enzymes linked with type-2 diabetes and hypertension. URI:
http://196.220.128.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4545
• Arya S Nair (2021). Effect of curry leaves powder on the level of blood pressure among patients with
hypertension Vol. 10, • Print ISSN No. 2277 - 8160• DOI : 10.36106/gjra
• Swami Nagayya Basayya et al (2020) ' A Study to Assess the Pre Hypertension and Evaluate the
Effectiveness of Curry Leaves on Reduction of Blood Pressure Among Adults in a Selected in Urban
Area at Vijayapur, International Journal of Current
AdvancedResearch,09(11),pp.2328623292.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2020.23292.