5. INTRODUCTION
Glaucoma is a disease that damage eye optic nerve It usually happens when
fluid builds up in the front part of eye. That extra fluid increases the pressure
in eye, damaging the optic nerve .
6. DEFINITION
• It is a group of disorders characterized by an abnormally high intra ocular
pressure .
• Glaucoma is progressive optic neuropathy leads to damage of optic nerve with
loss of visual function associated with raised IOP .
7.
8.
9. • Diabetes
• Cardiovascular disease
• High blood
pressure
• Use of
corticosteroids
• Family history of
glaucoma
• Age 40 and older
• Eye surgery or
injury
ETIOLOGY / RISK FACTORS
10. TYPES
Open angle glaucoma
Closed angle glaucoma
Normal tension glaucoma
Congenital glaucoma
11. Open angle glaucoma
"Open-angle" means that the angle where the iris meets the cornea
is as wide and open as it should be Open-angle glaucom is also
called primary or chronic glaucoma. It is the most common type of
glaucoma .
12. Open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of glaucoma,
accounting for at least 90% of all glaucoma cases:
Is caused by the slow blockage of the drainage canals, resulting
in increased eye pressure
Has a wide and open angle between the iris and cornea
Develops slowly and is a lifelong condition Has symptoms and
damage that are not noticed.
13. Closure-angle glaucoma
It is also called acute glaucoma or narrow-angle glaucoma. angle-
closure glaucoma is a result of the angle between the iris and
cornea closing .
14. Is caused by blocked drainage canals, resulting in a sudden rise in intraocular
pressure .
Has symptoms and damage that are usually very noticeable.
Demands immediate medical attention.
15.
16. Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG)
Also called low-tension or normal-pressure glaucoma. In normal-tension
glaucoma the optic nerve is damaged even though the eye pressure is not very
high. We still don't know why some people's optic nerves are damaged even
though they have almost normal pressure levels .
17. Congenital Glaucoma
This type of glaucoma occurs in babies when there is incorrect or incomplete
development of the eye's drainage canals during the prenatal period. This is a
rare condition that may be inherited. When uncomplicated, microsurgery can
often correct the structural defects. Other cases are treated with medication .
20. Prevention of Glaucoma
• Regular eye exams
• Treat elevated eye pressure
• Control weight and blood pressure
• Insulin resistance is linked to elevated
intraocular pressure (the pressure inside
the eye)
• Wear eye protection
• Secondary glaucoma can result from eye
injuries
• Eat healthily
23. Side effects of glaucoma medications
Following are some of the potential side effects of glaucoma medications.
Prostaglandin Analogues: darkening of eyelid skin, eyelash growth, droopy eyelids, sunken
eyes
Beta Blockers: Reduced pulse rate, fatigue .
Alpha Agonists: burning , fatigue, drowsiness, allergic .
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: in eye drop form: burning, eye discomfort .
26. Common tests & procedures
Tonometry: To measure the inner pressure of the eye.
Ophthalmoscopy: To check the shape and colour of the optic nerve.
Gonioscopy: To distinguish between open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma.
28. Nursing management
• Administer prescribed pain medication.
• After trabeculectomy give medications as ordered to dilate the pupil.
• After surgery protected affected eye by applying an eye patch and eye shield.
• Monitor the client IOP regularly.
• Measures taken to relieve pain
• Reassure patient that pain and other signs and symptoms should subside with reduction of
IOP
• Provide reassurance and calm to reduce anxiety and fear
• Provide preoperative care
• Post operative care
31. CONCLUSION
Glaucoma can only be controlled because there is yet a cure to be discovered
for the disease. No treatment can restore vision lost to the damage of glaucoma,
but it is possible to stop the progression of the disease. This therefore requires
one to be frequently undergoing eye check ups, especially for the old people .
32. QUESTION
1. What are the types of glaucoma ?
Open angle glaucoma
Close angle glaucoma
Normal tension glaucoma
Congenital glaucoma
2. What is Fullform of IOP ?
Intra ocular pressure .
33. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Falvo, D. (2005) Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability,
Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Harvard Health Publications. (2005). The Ageing Eye: Preventing and Treating the Eye
Disease. Harvard Health Publications.
Marshall Cavendish Corporation. (2007). Diseases and Disorders, volume 2. New York,
Marshall Cavendish.
