2. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are used to link words or phrases
together (coordinating conjunctions), set them in
relationship to one another (correlative
conjunctions), or subordinate one clause to
another, usually giving some indication of the
logical relationship between those clauses
(subordinating conjunctions).
3. Conjunctions (2)
Coordinating Conjunctions: and, or, but, so, yet:
“No one in heaven or on earth or under the earth
was able to open the scroll or to look into it.” Rev
5:3 NRSV)
The first two conjunctions link three prepositional phrases
together as one overarching unit of modifiers describing
“one”
The last conjunction links two infinitives, connecting both as
complements to “was able”
4. Conjunctions (3a)
“You are worthy to take the scroll and to open its
seals, for you were slaughtered and by your blood
you ransomed for God saints from every tribe and
language and people and nation.” (Rev 5:9 NRSV)
5. Conjunctions (3b)
“You are worthy to take the scroll and to open its seals,
for you were slaughtered and by your blood you
ransomed for God saints from every tribe and language
and people and nation.” (Rev 5:9 NRSV)
The first “and” links two infinitives as complements to “worthy”
(“worthy” of what?)
The second “and” links two clauses as part of the rationale
introduced by “for” (“you were slaughtered and … you
ransomed”)
The last three occurrences of “and” link four nouns as the
common objects of the preposition “from”
6. Conjunctions (4)
Correlative (both…and, neither…nor, not only … but
also, either…or):
“At that time his voice shook the earth, but now he has
promised, „Yet once more I will shake not only the earth but
also the heavens.‟” (Heb 12:28 ESV)
The “not only…but also” coordinates “earth” and “heaven” as twin
objects of the verb “shake,” while also establishing a stronger
relationship between the two objects.
“Store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither
moth nor rust consumes and where thieves do not break in
and steal.” (Matt 6:20 NRSV)
“neither” and “nor” link “moth” and “rust” as two subjects of the verb
“consumes.
7. Conjunctions (5)
Subordinating Conjunctions
(when, while, after, before, since; where; whether;
as, as if; because; though, although; if, unless;
so, so that, in order that; as … as; rather than)
Used to connect noun or adverb clauses to some
other element in the sentence
8. Conjunctions (6)
“And I began to weep bitterly because no one was found worthy
to open the scroll or to look into it. Then one of the elders said to
me, „Do not weep. See, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of
David, has conquered, so that he can open the scroll and its
seven seals.‟ Then I saw between the throne and the four living
creatures and among the elders a Lamb standing as if it had
been slaughtered, having seven horns and seven eyes, which
are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth.” (Rev 5:4-
6 NRSV)
“because” introduces a subordinate clause specifying CAUSE
“so that” introduces a subordinate clause specifying RESULT
“as if” introduces a subordinate clause specifying MANNER
9. Conjunctive Adverbs
Not to be confused with subordinating
conjunctions, these adverbs can also be used to
indicate the relationship between independent
clauses:
Accordingly, also, anyway, besides, certainly, consequen
tly, conversely, finally, furthermore, hence, however, incid
entally, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover,
nevertheless, next, nonetheless, otherwise, similarly, spe
cifically, still, subsequently, then, therefore, thus
