Sources of Infection in Hospital

1. Sources of Infection in
Hospital
Numan Shah
2nd batch
Renal Dialysis

2. Outlines
In the end of this presentation students will
be able to understand :
• Introduction to Source & Infection
• Nosocomial infection
• Agents cause nosocomial infection
• Endogenous & exogenous Sources
• Common site of infection

3. Source
• The place where something begins.
• A place or thing from which something originates
or can be obtained.
• the beginning or place of origin of any thing is
called its source.
• Malaria is caused by plasmodium, thus
plasmodium is the source of malaria .

4. Infection
• Invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in a
bodily part or tissue, as a result the reaction of
host tissues to these organisms and the toxins
they produce.
• Disease:
• Any deviation from a condition of good health
and well-being
• Infectious Disease:
• A disease condition caused by the presence or
growth of infectious microorganisms.

5. Nosocomial infection
• Hospital acquired infection(HAI) is also called
Nosocomial infection or Healthcare-
associated infections.
• Nosocomial infections can be defined as
infection acquired by the person in the hospital,
symptoms of which may occur during
hospitalization or after discharge from hospital.

6. Nosocomial infection
• The person may be patient, members of the
hospital staff or visitors.
• Infection which was neither present nor
incubating at the time of admission
• Nosocomial infections can be exogenous
(external organism) and endogenous
(opportunist normal flora)

7. All microorganisms can cause
nosocomial infections
• Viruse
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Parasite

8. Source of infection
• Endogenous or direct:
Caused by organisms that are present as a part
of normal flora of the patients.
• Exogenous or indirect:
Caused by organisms acquiring by exposure to
hospital personnel; medical devices or hospital
environment.

9. Source of infection
Endogenous source:
• Patient own flora
• Host factors
• The agents
Exogenous source:
• Environment
• Invasive procedure
• Food and fluid
• Medication

10. Patient Flora
• Cutaneous
• Gastrointestinal
• Genitourinary
• Respiratory

11. Host Factors
• Immunocompromised patients
• Poor nutrition status
• Age and gender
• Severity of disease
• Complicated diagnostic & therapeutic
procedures

12. The Agent
• Varieties of organisms involve
• Amount of infecting agent
• Reservoirs & their virulence

13. The Environment
• Every thing that has surrounds the patient in the
hospital is his environment
• Other patients
• Instruments and medication
• Hospital staff and visitors
• Eatables(fluid and food)
• Air and dust

14. Invasive Devices
• Urinary catheters
• Vascular catheters
• Stitching and dressing
• Endo tracheal tubes
• Wounds
• Endoscopes
• Spiromatery

17. Common sites of infection
• Urinary tract (most
effected)
• Respiratory tract
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Surgical wounds
• Bacteraemia
• Skin
• Other

18. THANK YOU