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What is a drug?
• A drug is any chemical you take that
affects the way your body works
• Heroin, alcohol, ecstasy, caffeine
nicotine, Lysergic acid diethylamide
& etc. are all forms of drugs
• A drug must be able to pass through
your body and into your brain,
allowing brain cells to be changed by
interfering with the brains chemical
signals called neurotransmitters
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Hard and soft drugs
• Hard drugs are physically addictive and may be
easy to overdose on
• Soft drugs are not physically addictive
Caffeine
Ketamine
MDMA
Heroin
Morphine
Cocain
Nicotine
Cannabis
LSD
Mescaline
Psilocybin
SOFT
HARD
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Lysergic acid diethylamide
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Class: A, B & C
• The different kinds of illegal drugs are split into 3
classes: A, B & C. Each class carries a different level of
punishment for possession and dealing.
Possession Dealing
Class A Ecstasy, LSD, heroin, cocaine,
crack, magic mushrooms
Up to 7 years in prison or an
unlimited fine or both.
Up to life in prison or an
unlimited fine or both
Class B Amphetamines, Methylphenidate
(Ritalin), Pholcodine.
Up to 5 years in prison or an
unlimited fine or both.
Up to 14 years in prison or
an unlimited fine or both.
Class C Cannabis, tranquilisers, some
painkillers, Gamma hydroxybutyrate
(GHB), Ketamine.
Up to 2 years in prison or an
unlimited fine or both.
Up to 14 years in prison or
an unlimited fine or both.
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Effects of illegal drugs
• Drugs make you less aware and
alert making you feel carefree and
can relieve pain
• They can make you; sleep, have
convulsions (fits) and even slip into
a coma
• For example heroin causes
psychological and physical
dependence which can lead onto
comas and even worse death, as
you can choke on your own vomit
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The Beginning
• On December 11, 2006
newly elected President,
Felipe Calderon sent in 6,500
troops to stop illegal drug
trade, starting the Mexican
drug war.
• Drugs mobs fought back
starting the Mexican drug
war.
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Before the War
• Drug mobs have running some
of Mexico’s poorest streets for
years selling drugs to many
Mexicans AND Americans.
• Drug mobs were kept safe
because they bribed many of
the police forces with money.
Some police forces were even
threatened and intimidated by
the sheer number of weapons
the mobs had. This is money that a particular mob
had earned!
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Main Illegal Drugs sold by Cartels
Marijuana- A drug sold by
cartels and is the most
illegally used in the U.S.
Cocaine- The main drug sold by
cartels. Each time the Mexican
Government catches a cartel they
have more then a ton of cocaine
from Columbia
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Main Weapons Used by the Mobs
• 90% of the weapons used by the cartels are bought from
the U.S.
Semi-Auto AK
Rifle from the
U.S.
AR-15 Rifle from the U.S.
M16 from the Mexican
military (stolen)
0.5 Caliber Rifle
from U.S.
Frag Grenade
from Mexico,
U.S., Asia or
Europe.
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THz range is roughly defined as frequency 0.1 – 10 THz
wavelength 0.03 – 3 mm
Also known as Far-Infrared or sub-millimeter.
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• 1997-2001 Developed various THz sources, detectors, and
imaging techniques
•2000-2001 Developed concept for Detection of explosives,
chemical and biological weapons using new THz imaging
methodology.
THz
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X-Ray, Neutron Scattering - Uses high energy radiation
• damages biological systems - eg. damages DNA/ tissues
• permissible exposure limited - more difficult for use on
people.
THz - low energy radiation - “non-ionizing”
• no damage to biological tissue
• differentiation of target compounds based on THz “color”
• Imaging and “color” information combination will reduce
false alarm rate.
Comparison with Other Techniques
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•THz transmits through most non-metallic materials:
plastic, paper , clothing
•THz yields transmission / reflection spectra of targets
Advantages of THz for Scanning
for Explosives / Bio and Chemical Agents
Explosives
Kemp (2003)
Transmissive Bas.Sub. Spectra
Woolard et al (2003) Trinitrotoluene
cyclonite
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Simulation of THz Imaging Array
Detection of RDX and Metal at a
distance of 30mRDX Metal
Sidelobes
Objects 1.5cm in size
Composite Image combination of
THz images taken at 5 different
frequencies
⇒ Spectral and Spatial Images
Objects with spectral content of
RDX colored Red
Objects reflecting all THz radiation
colored white
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Image Analysis - Neural Networks
U
A A
A A U
A A A
U A A
U A
F A
S S
A S S
U A A U U A S S
U A A A A U A S F
U U F U
A A A A F F F A A
U S U U S F F F F F F F A
U M M M M M S A A U F F F A
M M M M M M S U U
U M M M M M M U
U M M M M M U
S M M M M U A
A S S U
BLUE = metal coin
PINK = bioagent
GREEN = flour
ORANGE = starch
THz Image at 1 frequency
Neural Network Analysis
U U
U U
S S
A S S
A S S
F A F F
A F F
U F F A
U F A
A
U U
A U
A A U A A
A U U A A
A A A A A
U U A A U
U A A
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•T-ray vision sees through clothes
• A machine that sees through clothes to detect guns
and drugs.
• Use a type of electromagnetic radiation known as
terahertz rays or t-rays, low-energy emissions whose
frequencies lie between infrared and microwaves.
• T-rays are non-ionising radiation and are safer to
humans than x-rays
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• T-rays were originally discovered by astronomers who
used them to look at stars and galaxies. But the rays
weren't generated in a laboratory until 1995.
"T-rays go straight through plastics and moulded
suitcases."
• A U.K. private defence firm had already developed a
prototype machine that could do this to scan for guns
and other weapons.
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• Good vibrations
• Used to detect cancer, or check for genetic diseases
such as Alzheimer's.
• U.S. researcher Professor Xi-Cheng Zhang of the
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York is known
as the "father of t-rays.
T-rays can test for defects in the thermo-insulation of
space shuttles.
"T-rays are the best method to identify the defects."
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Form of Business
• Exporting from the home
country (India)
Company name
• Eagle defense Co. Pvt.
Ltd.
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How to do Business with the Federal
Government
Policy Statement
• It is the policy of the United States, as stated in the
Small Business Act, that “all” small businesses have the
maximum practicable opportunity to participate in
providing goods and services to the government.
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Getting Started – Basic Questions
1. Which government agencies buy my products and
services?
2. How do I get in touch with them?
3. How do I market them?
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• Answer to Question #1 (who buys what I sell)
• The federal government spends billions annually on
products & services ranging from paperclips to complex
space vehicles
• In most cases these entities are decentralized in their
buying activities, with each having its own mission, budget,
contracting shop, and small business specialist.
Getting Started – Basic Answers
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• Answer to Question #2 – Getting in Touch
• Check out these websites:
• http://www.fedmine.us/reports/fedmine_Sales_naics541512_12099407
01.html
• Identify which agency or bureau buys your
product or service (hint: know your NAICS code)
• www.fedbizopps.gov – Register - get notices of
government requirements for your NAICS code
Getting Started – Basic Answers
North American Industry Classification System
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Getting Started – Basic Answers
• Answer to Question #2 – Getting in Touch
• More websites:
• www.fedbid.com – Register - Compete on-line for
government requirements in your NAICS code
• www.mbda.gov – Register – Phoenix Database to
get free contract referrals.
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Getting Started – Basic Answers
• Answer to Question #3 – How do I market them?
•
• Department of Commerce Vendor Outreach Sessions: go to
www.COMMERCE.gov, then type on “Outreach” or “Business
Fairs” in the Search Box.
• DOC individual Bureau/Agency Vendor Outreach Sessions:
www.USPTO.gov, www.NIST.gov or www.NOAA.gov & click
or search on Outreach Activities.
• Minority Business Development Agency: www.MBDA.gov for
Counseling Sessions, online training and outreach programs.
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My Thought :
• “ I have never learnt anything in my life from any
person who agreed with me.”
Thank you…
• Prepared By :
• Niraj Patel
