Hammurabi was the king of Babylon from 1792-1750 BCE who united Mesopotamia under Babylonian rule. He is famous for creating one of the first written legal codes, called the Code of Hammurabi. The code established consistent laws and punishments, including the principle of "an eye for an eye." It addressed legal matters like theft, assault, and family law. The code was an early influence on later legal systems and helped establish the rule of law in ancient societies.

1. BY.NIKUNJ VEKARIYA
TO:-GIORGI SIR
HAMMURABIS CODE

2. WHO WAS HAMMURABI?
THE HAMMURABI CODE
EXAMPLES OF SOME LAW
HAMMURABI ALPHABETS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONTENT

3. HAMMURABI’S EMPIR

4. Member of the Amorite
dynasty
King of Babylon from 1792-
1750 BCE
United all of Mesopotamia
under the Babylonian Empire
‘’CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION’’
WHOWASHAMMURABI?

5.  Hammurabi was a king of Babylonia in southern
Mesopotamia (the site of present-day Iraq).
 He probably ruled for about 40 years beginning in 1792
B.C. Babylon was one of several city-states in this area
near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
 Hammurabi was a skilled military leader and under his
leadership, Babylon conquered the other city-states of the
area and united much of Mesopotamia under his authority.

6. Hammurabi was also a skilled administrator. He is most
famous for his code of laws. Many of these laws came from
the city-state of Sumer, but they added a new concept — that
of revenge instead of just punishment. For example, under
Sumerian law, the punishment for crimes was often a fine;
under Hammurabi’s law, the guideline was “an eye for an
eye.” Punishment also depended on who was wronged. If a
person put out the eye of a slave, he would not lose his eye
but would pay a fine. If that person put out the eye of a noble
man, he would lose his eye as punishment.
EYEFOR AN EYELAW

7.  Hammurabi had his laws posted throughout Babylonia.
 They were written on stone slabs and placed in prominent
places for the people to see.
 There were 282 laws as far as we know. Interestingly,
there was no law number 13 — it was an unlucky number
even then.

9.  Judges were also held to a
 certain standard in the laws (5).
 Hammurabi ruled a vast empire and would not have been
able to rule on every case himself.
 In the king’s absence, a committee of men from the
communities involved could act as a judge in
Hammurabi’s place.
 The penalties for a judge trying to change a verdict was
severe
DO JUDGESEXIST??

10.  General violations like stealing, lying, and murdering are
punished harshly.
 Do share the same basis, which is to keep justice and
legal rights of everyone in place.
 Just like the US’s “rule of law,” Hammurabi’s code was
agreed by the general public for everyone to follow and no
one can be an exception of the law.
 Because this well-known law code was the earliest
recorded “law,” it seems like the modern law has evolved
from Hammurabi’s law code, which served as a model for
the later generations.
CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A MODEL OF THE
MODERN LAWS

11. 1 - If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later
error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay
twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from
the judge's bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgment.
2 - If any one owe a debt for a loan, and a storm prostrates the grain, or the harvest
fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water; in that year he need not give his
creditor any grain, he washes his debt-tablet in water and pays no rent for this year.
3 - If any one be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep
it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the
break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has
caused to be ruined.
FOR ALL 282 LAWS KINDLY REFER TO THE LINK BELOW:
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
QUALITIES,OUTCOES ANDPENALTIES

12.  Hammurabi’s Code is the earliest form of law that we are
able to read and study because, in 1901, a French
expedition to Mesopotamia uncovered a copy of the
Babylonian king’s laws.
 The stone pillar where Hammurabi had his laws engraved
is now on display at the Louvre, a museum in Paris,
France.

14. https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-
history/hammurabi
http://www.ushistory.org/civ/4c.asp
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Code-of-Hammurabi
https://www.ducksters.com/history/mesopotamia/code_o
f_hammurabi.php
BIBLIOGRAPHY