Literacy in all subjects.

1. NICOLE A. GONZALEZ MARQUEZ
SEC- 540
APRIL 2017.
INTEGRATING LITERACY TEAM
PRESENTATION

2. ❣
CONSTRUCTIVISM
COGNITIVISM
BEHAVIORISM
❣
TRADITIONAL
COGNITIVE
METACOGNITIVE
KEY THEORIES OF
READING & WRITING

3. ▸Constructivism: That learning (reading & writing) is an active and constructive
process. They view the learner as a constructor and the information is linked to
prior knowledge. ➠Example: Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory where
“[…] argues that social interaction precedes development;
consciousness and cognition are the end product of socialization and
social behavior.” (learningtheories, 2015)
▸Cognitivism: The learning comes from memory or “the black box”. the reader is
seen as a computer where information is stored. Processes include: critical
thinking, memory, knowing and problem solving. ➠Example: Jerome Bruner’s
Discovery Learning Theory through inquiry based instruction and discovery
learning or understanding. Promoting motivation and independence!
▸Behaviorism: The learner reads and writes through a “stimulus” or a response
to an external source and that the behavior can be explained. ➠Example:
Pavlov’s Classical and Operant Conditioning Theory where “[…] is a reflexive
or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to
evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
(learningtheories , 2014)

4. ▸Traditional: readers acquire skills through time. They are
passive and are taught according to icons and symbols.
Decoding the series called “ bottom up” view of reading.
▸Cognitive: Relies on memory and hypothetical sounds of the
reader. They interpretive the symbol and memorize the
words. A more “top-down” strategy which emphasizes the
interactive nature of reading and writing to construct
comprehension.
▸Metacognitive: The readers knows the skill and understands
the action! The rider identifies the act, form and supporting
details prior to beginning a story. The reader also
understands the point of view and can scan the document.

5. LITERACY ACROSS THE CONTEXT AREAS
▸ Studies have shown that the integration of academic
disciplines in literacy improves instructional strategies
and maximizes learning across all context areas.
▸ The skills for reading, writing, speaking, observing &
listening are all studied. Research shows that teacher
integration of literacy-related instructional strategies
facilitates student learning across all content areas.
▸ A variety of assessments should be utilized.
▸ Providing instructional strategies should be utilized for
the development of conceptual knowledge and
vocabulary.
▸ The lessons should be in pairs & or collaboratively for
the development of English and Core standards/
expectations of the context area studied.
▸ A varied approach is crucial to meeting the needs of all
learners.

6. ▸SCIENCE: The Common Core Standards define inquiry based
methodologies as the best for education. Emphasizing Science knowledge
and vocabulary. Science literacy means that the student is capable of
identify, analyze, express and research positions and topics related to the
world of Science. Including technology, KWL and inquiry based learning.
▸MATH: Defining questions, understanding concepts and directing formulas
are just some examples of literacy development in Math. To interpretive
mathematical equations , sentences and inequalities or a text is a task that
the student needs to complete. Examples include: memory games,
formulas, calculator usage, vocabulary & symbolic interpretation.
▸SOCIAL STUDIES: Building comprehension, debate, Q&A’s, citizenship,
civic engagement and memory. Students acquire information, dates, names
and timeline logo for their learning and understanding. Examples include:
Timeline, Venn Diagrams, Fill in the Blanks, Documentaries and Historical
naming.

7. INTERDISCIPLINARY LITERACY & FLUENCY IN CONTEMPORARY
EDUCATION
▸ Interdisciplinary literacy means the immersion of
all the subjects in the ELA platform.
▸ Interdisciplinary teams are usually teachers with
core academic standards that will facilitate the
lesson emphasizing on English literacy (reading,
speaking, listening & writing).
▸ Sometimes the use of specialist are included &
Individualized Educational Programs (IEP’s) are
created.
▸ Teachers and students alike work in conjunction
for their academic development.
▸ The child needs to learn the concepts and context
within the estimated timeframe. Stimulating
memory and assimilation.
▸ Interdisciplinary literacy can allow the
implementation of flexible schedule,
extracurricular practice. Individualized
Educational Programs, Response to Interventions
& Social Clubs!

8. HISTORICAL VIEWS OF LITERACY
▸E3300-3100 BCE Egyptians wrote on Papyrus paper and hieroglyphs.
▸3500 B.C. Piechota written communication in pictures!
▸1200 B.C. The Shang Dynasty in China notes and writes.
▸15th Century: The creation of the printing press. By the German inventor Johannes Gutenberg.
Popularizing the printed literature. Examples included: books and manuscripts.15th Century (End)
1600’s: As the printed press became more and more popular literacy and alphabetization was more
common. Literacy rates began to rise in Europe.
▸1607 - 1776 The Religious movement: Reading instruction was solely for teaching religion and
salvation. Emphasizing on reading not in comprehension. Faith and salvation was the standard !
▸1776-1840 The American Revolution Movement: Politics and Manifest Destiny aroused through the
English/ British states. Reading was seen as a patriotic duty!
▸1880’s - Eduction and Intelligent Citizenship: "Educators came to realize that the success of the
new democracy depended not so largely upon arousing patriotic sentiment as upon
developing the intelligence of the people, whose ballots were to choose its leaders and
determine its policies.” (Smith, 1965, p. 75)
▸1880 - 1910 Scientific Revolution: The creation of IQ monitoring instruments and more effective
reading methods and materials for the United States. Standardized testings was implemented in
Schools.

9. ▸1920’s: Literacy increased due to subtitle usage in TV programs in America!
▸1935 - 1950 International Conflict Movement: Era marked by Cold wars and Deployment for the
military class in the United States. A large number of soldiers were found illiterate and an
emphasis on literacy / systematic reading instruction at all levels was imposed. (Standardized
testing really "took off" during this era.) Specially for Rank & Grade! This also included the right
to VOTE.
▸1940s: Census and Survey popularized in the American Society. The National Endowment for
the Arts began recreational and educational movements in communities across America.
▸1950 - 1965 Technology Revolution whereas the era is characterized by: reading and
education. “Teachers were no longer the only ones concerned about reading instruction;
it became a national concern and was emphasized heavily in American education.”
(Mezeske R. , 1995)
▸1982 through 2002, the percentage of persons reading literature fell by 10 percent. As the
number of persons attending movies or watching television remained stable or declined during
this time, NEA researchers determined that television and cinema were not significant factors in
the decline of reading.
▸1980 - 2000 Perspectives and Digital Era: Evolving from both Humanistic and Transhumanistic
philosophies. Literacy has changed it’s meaning and tool. From pens to keyboards.
Experiencing diversity, languages and multi-cultures. Teaching literature in many ways and
subjects. Evolving form informatics to innovation!

11. “The goal of education is the advancement of
knowledge and the dissemination of truth.”
John F. Kennedy

12. 1. AS PROFESSIONALS WE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
TEACHING CONTENT AND ACADEMIC AREAS (SCIENCE,
MATH, SOCIAL STUDIES, ENGLISH, ARTS AND PHYSICAL
EDUCATION).
TEACHERS EDUCATE ON BOTH CONTENT, LANGUAGE AND
BEHAVIOR KNOWLEDGE AND ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR A
PROGRESSIVE COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT.
EDUCATORS MUST BE CERTIFIED AND TRAINED FOR THE
CLASS THEY ARE GIVING.
THEY ARE ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SCHOOL POLICIES
THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT & PRACTICAL
KNOWLEDGE

13. 1. UNDERSTANDS THE CURRICULUM & INSTRUCTIONAL
METHODS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERACY.
2. USES VARIETIES OF ASSESSMENTS AND EVALUATES
WITH PURPOSE AND VALIDITY.
3. CREATE AND ENGAGE STUDENTS IN LITERACY
PRACTICES THAT PROMOTES DIVERSITY
4. CREATES A LITERATE ENVIRONMENT THAT
PROMOTES READING, WRITING & CREATIVITY.
5. SEES EDUCATION AS A LIFELONG LEARNING
EXPERIENCE AND UP DATES TRAINING OR
CERTIFICATIONS.

14. “THERE SEEM TO BE TWO LEVELS OF INTEGRATION
THAT SCHOOLS GO THROUGH: THE FIRST IS
INTEGRATION OF THE LANGUAGE ARTS
(LISTENING, SPEAKING, READING, WRITING,
THINKING); THE SECOND INVOLVES A MUCH
BROADER KIND OF INTEGRATION, ONE IN WHICH A
THEME BEGINS TO ENCOMPASS ALL CURRICULAR
AREAS.”
Fogarty, 1991; Pappas, Kiefer, & Levstik, 1990

15. REFERENCES
DRACHGJ. (2015). FROM PENCILS TO PIXELS: THE STAGES OF
LITERACY TECHNOLOGY. RETRIEVED APRIL 22 FROM
HTTPS://GABBYDRACH.WORDPRESS.COM/2015/05/20/FROM-
PENCILS-TO-PIXELS-THE-STAGES-OF-LITERACY-TECHNOLOGY/
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES THAT FACILITATE LEARNING
ACROSS CONTENT AREAS. (N.D.) (RETRIEVED APRIL 22 FROM
HTTP://WWW.SDE.CT.GOV/SDE/LIB/SDE/PDF/CURRICULUM/SEC
TION7.PDF
MEZESKE R. (1995). HISTORY OF LITERACY. RETRIEVED APRIL 22
FROM
HTTP://WWW.HOPE.EDU/ACADEMIC/EDUCATION/WESSMAN/2BL
OCK/UNIT3/HISTORY.HTM
EDGAR, D.W. (2012). LEARNING THEORIES AND HISTORICAL
EVENTS AFFECTING INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN IN EDUCATION:
RECITATION LITERACY TOWARD EXTRACTION LITERACY
PRACTICES. RETRIEVED ON APRIL 22, 2017 FROM
HTTP://CITESEERX.IST.PSU.EDU/VIEWDOC/DOWNLOAD?DOI=10.
1.1.937.3837&REP=REP1&TYPE=PDF
ILA . (2017). STANDARDS 2010: MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL
CONTENT CLASSROOM TEACHER. RETRIEVED APRIL 22 FROM
HTTPS://WWW.LITERACYWORLDWIDE.ORG/GET-