DNA And Synthesis Essay

DNA And Synthesis Essay
There are 3 stages occur during interphase, which are G1 (gap one), S (synthesis) and G2 (gap two). In G1 stage (also known as Growth phase), the
cell grows, made protein, enzymes, nutrients and organelles, which are needed for the DNA replication. In S stage, DNA replication happened
following the process of semi–conservative replication. In this process, the DNA helicase unwinds the double helix structure (at replication fork).
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that makes new strands of DNA. It adds nucleotides onto the new strand towards the 3' end of the new strand.
Leading strands (3' to 5' direction) and Lagging strands (5' to 3' direction) are replicated differently. DNA wraps around a special protein group call
Histone. The chromosomes will have an X shape with a pair of chromatids attach to one centromere in each chromosome. The cell will continue to
grow in G2 stage and will look for mistakes in the DNA and make sure that cells contain enough protein that needed before going to mitosis.
11.
Cytokinesis
Plant cellsAnimal cells
Because plant cells have cell wall, they to divide by formation of membrane. The cell plate is formed by vesicle in the middle of the cell. The cell
plate will continue to grow and become a new cell wall.Cells form a cleavage furrow in the middle of the cells allow it to divide. Furrowing continues
to constrict two sides of the membrane until they touch. Then, the membrane fuse and the two new daughter cells are separated.
A mid body is
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City Cell Vs Plant Cell Essay
There are many different ways in which a cell can be compared to something else. You can compare a cell to a factory, a school, or even a city. When
comparing a cell to a city each organelle acts as different part of the city. One example of an organelle comparing to a part of a city is the cell
membrane. The cell membrane can be compared to the boundaries of a city. Just like how the cell membrane keeps all of the organelles inside, the
boundaries of a city determine what is or is not within city limits. In a city the most important building is the city hall. This is where all city's
government officials work. City hall is very much like the nucleus in a cell. The nucleus holds and protects all the cell's genetic information just like
how city hall holds all the records...show more content...
Just like the ribosomes factory workers are responsible for building and producing items that the city needs. Next is the endoplasmic reticulum
which is what molecules inside the cell travel along. This obviously compares to the roads which people in a city travel along to get from place to
place. In a plant cell there is a "reservoir" that stores water for that it might need later. City's need to store water too and to do this they use water
towers. These two are almost exact because they both only have one responsibility which is to just store water for later usage. Now although their
are many other organelles in a cell these are just a few that can relate well to the different parts of a city. Cells are a huge part of biology and even
though we just compare them to different things in a city just to get a better understanding of what they do, a cell itself really is just like one tiny
city inside our bodies. Because without every organelles doing its job we wouldn't be able to function the way we do. And the same is with a city in
real life. If every part of the city isn't running smoothly then it just wouldn't be able to work

Plant Cells
Activity 3: Sugar Cube Plant Cells
Students will understand the shape, function and purpose of differentiated organelles by modeling a plant cell with sugar cubes. They will also be
tasked to label and write down the function for five of the more important organelles.
Set–up:
Every student will need 20 sugar cubes, one piece of chip board and five toothpicks. At each table, you can place markers, glue and address labels for
the students to share.
Demo and discussion:
Introduce the concept of plant cells and animal cells. Make sure your students understand that cells are the basic structural, functional, and biological
unit of all known living organisms and that cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently. Focus...show more content...
Plant cells specifically contain cell walls, a very large vacuole and plastids – the most important of which is the chloroplast.
Eukaryote – Any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles contained within a membrane.
Organelle – A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function or job.
Nucleus – The control center of a eukaryotic cell. The nucleus contains most of the genetic material of the cell, and the main function of the nucleus is
to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression.
Mitochondria – The powerhouse of the cell – mitochondria generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate which is a source of chemical
energy.
Cell Wall– In plant cells, the cell wall is primarily made of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin and is important for the structure and protection of the
cell.
Chloroplasts – The organelle that is most involved with photosynthesis – the conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy or "food"
for the plant. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the light and converts it into adenosine triphosphate that provides the plant necessary
energy. Chloroplasts also free oxygen from

Plant Cell Centrioles
Nucleus: it's a double membrane that is closed all around and sends messages to the cytosol via numerous nuclear pores, that is near the nucleus. The
nucleus contains the DNA. Some cells genes can be turned off because of what type of cell it is.
Nucleolus:the organelle inside of the nucleus. It creates ribosomes and transfers it out of the nucleus.
Cytosol: The protein within the cytosol helps control the cell metabolism.
Centrosome:It where most of the microtubules are made. Plant and animal cells centrosomes have almost the same jobs during a cell's division. Only
difference is that plants cell centrosomes does not contain centrioles.
Centriole: Has nine groups of fused microtubules, with three in each group, in a shape of a ring. A complete...show more content...
You see them mostly in animal cells, but if found in plant cells then it's in the vacuole.
Peroxisome:In plant cells it has the job of turning fatty acids into sugars and many other jobs. While in animal cells, peroxisomes kills the toxic
hydrogen peroxide that the cell has made.
Secretory Vesicles: the secretory vesicles moves the cell secretions that was inside of the golgi, to the cell surface and let it go
Cell membrane: closes the cell all the way around. It also has two layers of phospholipids. One the phospholipids is hydrophilic. The hydrophilic is
exposed and it can touch water. Another one is hydrophobic and can't touch water. The cell membrane protects it from any water that you can't control.
It has many proteins that are important for the cell to do other things
Mitochondria:It creates energy for the cell to do anything.
Vacuole: Helps with intracellular digestion and throws out the waste products in the cell. The plant vacuole is bigger than the vacuole in a animal cell.
The plant vacuole plays many jobs, such as storing nutrients and waste products, helps the cell grow bigger, and controls turgor pressure in the

Compariosn of Animal Cells and Plant Cells Essay
All plants are made up of different plant cells. Plant cells are considered eukaryotic cells they have a nucleus. Inside a plant cell the DNA is located
inside the nucleus. The nucleus is basically a headquarters for a eukaryotic cell. It also stores the genetic information for a cell. Organelles are also
located inside plant cells. They have important jobs inside the cell they produce energy for the plant cell and they also produce enzymes and hormone.
A plant cell has a cell wall which surrounds the plasma membrane. A cell wall is made up of lignin and cellulose they are very tough and rough
compounds. Lignin and cellulose for example is what makes a tree grow very tall. A cell wall gives a plant structure or it's roots, stems ,and...show more
content...
There are two different endoplasmic reticulums which are rough endoplasmic reticulums and smooth endoplasmic reticulums. The rough endoplasmic
reticulum looks bumpy because it has ribosomes attached to it. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has enzymes that help create important lipids.
Some enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum help in detoxing cells. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum also stores ions that cells might need
later on. Also located in a animal cell are ribosomes. The Ribosomes task is to assemble amino acids into polypeptides, It creates an amino acid chain
that is put into the endoplasmic reticulum when the chain is complete it is sent into the golgi apparatus. The golgi apparatus is where proteins are
packed processed and then sends them out. The golgi apparatus has layers called golgi bodies.
Golgi bodies cut up proteins into hormones and they also combine proteins with carbohydrates to make molecules. The golgi bodies put the finishing
touches on the lysosomes. Lysosomes are organelles that have enzyme sacks that break down the cell's waste and turns them into other compounds. An
important part of an animal cell is the nucleus. The nucleus in a animal cell stores the cells DNA and all the information the cell needs. It also holds
the chromatin that produces chromosomes.
The nucleus is located inside the nucleus. It's job is to make rRNA then it sends mRNA to the ribosomes. Finally, the animal cell has a mitochondria
that is where

Plant Cell Structures
Name: Ezeugo Okechukwu David
Date: 5/16/17
Instructors name: Mathew Routh
Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report
Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures
Animal cell
NumberCell structureDescription and Function
1Nuclear pore This is a protein lined channel or Microscopic channel which allows ions and small molecules in and out of nucleus
2Chromatin (DNA)It consists of DNA and histones, it helps to put the DNA into a small Volume and serves as a body that helps to control DNA and
expression.
3NucleolusIt is located inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cell and sits in the nucleus and assembles the ribosomes
4Nuclear envelopIt separates the nucleus from cytoplasm in the eukaryotic cells and It encloses the nucleus and allows content to move...show more
content...
16Peroxisomes Organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, bound by a single membrane and roughly spherical.
17Plasma membrane Every living cells possess a plasma membrane which encloses their content.
18CentriolesAn organelle which is made up of protein strands called microtubules. that makes copies of themselves and helps divide cells
19Golgi bodyA layered organelle located near the nucleus which is present in most eukaryotic cells. It processes a bundle lipids and protein as they are
synthesized within the cell
20Centrosome An organelle located inside the nucleus of a cell which are made from two centrioles. They help to organize microtubules which are
utilized during cell

Elodea Plant Cell Structure
Elodea is an aquatic plant with high vegetative development. The advantage of using Elodea as a plant sample is that, its bright green leaves are well
suited to study some of their cellular organelles without previous preparations, the plant clearly exhibits cell activity by visibly demonstrating
cytoplasmic streaming; the cytoplasmic streaming in elodea can be measured by observing the movement of chloroplasts throughout the cell. This
specimen is so popular to demonstrate plant cell structure because the cells in the Elodea plants are very large so can be observed using a light
microscope with a white

Essay on Plant hormones
Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal factors controlling growth and development.
Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and transported to others, where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue,
a given hormone may have different effects.
Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant hormone is generally described as anorganic
compound synthesized in one part of the plant and translocated to another part, where in low concentrations elicits a physiological response.
There are five generally recognized classes of plant hormones; some of the classes are represented by only one compound,...show more content...
Auxins usually affect other processes in addition to cell elongation of stem cells but this characteristic is considered critical of all auxins and therefore
defines the hormone.
Functions:
1. Stimulates cell elongation
2. Stimulates cell division in the cambium and, in combination with cytokinins in tissue culture
3. Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
4. Stimulates root initiation on stem cuttings

Compare And Contrast Plant Cells And Animal Cells
Anthony WuPlant cells are different than animal cells due to the fact that they need to go through photosynthesis. They are also similarly because they
both have a golgi bodies/apparatus. Another difference is that plants have a cell wall and animals don't. Another way their different is that they don't
have all the same cells. For instance animal cells have nucleolus,chromatin,vacuole, and lysosomes. While plant cells only have chloroplasts, cell wall,
and lytic vacuole. Another reason they are both similar is that they both almost have all the same cells like the rough and smooth er. The cells that they
both have are golgi bodies/apparatus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes,

Comparing Plant Cells
The purpose of this lab was the observe and compare a plant cell and a single celled animal organism under a microscope. Out of both of the
substances we looked at one of them was eukaryotic while the other was prokaryotic. The prokaryotic substance was the Elodea because the plant cell
did not contain a nucleus. The eukaryotic substance was the single celled organism because the cell contained a nucleus. The similarities between
animal and plant cells are that they both contain a nucleus, meaning they both are eukaryotic; they both also contain a cytoplasm, cell membrane,
vacuole, and a mitochondrion. Some of these may not have been visible during the lab because our microscopes weren't strong enough to reveal them.
We compared the two different

Plant And Animal Cells Essay
Plant and Animal Cells
I. Introduction
All organisms in life are composed of at least one or more
cells. Cells are the basic units of life. There are three main
features of a cell. First, all organisms consist of one or more
cells. Second, cells are the smallest units of life and third,
cells arise only from preexisting cells. These three facts are
referred to as the cell theory.
All cells can be categorized into two basic cell types.
They are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. To distinguish where cells
are placed in the two categories, what is inside the cell must
first be looked at. Every cell, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
all contain basic cell parts. They are: a plasma membrane,

cytoplasm,...show more content...
To complete this we had to make wet–mount slides and
observe them under a light microscope. To prepare a wet–mount
slide you must first obtain your specimen you are going to look
at. You then put the specimen on a clean glass slide in the
middle. Next, you take a medicine dropper and place one drop of
water on the specimen. After that, you hold a clean coverslip
and place the bottom edge of the coverslip in the drop of water.
Next, slowly lower the rest of the coverslip so that there are no
air bubbles, onto the remaining part of the specimen. By putting
specimens into wet–mount slides it saves a lot of time and energy
instead of putting them into set slides. Also, a wet–mount slide
can be cleaned and re–used.
We put onion cells, cheek cells, and Elodeo cells into wet–
mount slides. After we made slides for each one we observe them
under the microscope. For some of the cells, we had to apply a
dye to have make the cell more visible under the microscope.
Methylene blue was applied to the cheek cells and iodine to the

onion cells. To see the cheek cells, we had to reduce the amount
of light coming into the microscope. We had to do this because
when we reduced the amount of light, we could see the cells more
clear. Elodeo cells were observed as a wet–mount slide and also
with salt water. To apply a die to a previously made wet–mount
slide, an edge of the coverslip

Essay about Comparing Animal Cells to Plant Cells
Comparing Cells
Task: Write a comparison of animal and plant cells
While plant and animal cells appear to be different, they have some similar features.
Both kinds of cells contain a nucleus – which can also be known as the "brains" or the "control centre" of the cell. The nucleus of a cell contains most of
its genetic material and is responsible for controlling all of the cell's activities through gene expression.
Both plant and animal cells also have structures called chromosomes. They are located inside the nucleus. The chromosomes are the genetic material
responsible for the reproduction of cells.
Outside the nucleus of both plant and animal cells are structures called ribosomes. These are responsible for the production of protein...show more
content...
Although plants and animal cells share many similarities, there are some additional structures that plant cells have which animal cells don't.
The plant cell, for example, contains a cell wall. The cell wall is made up of cellulose and assists a plant cell to maintain its shape. The cell wall is
located outside the cell membrane of a plant cell and is also responsible for the prevention of the rupture of a cell when (excess) water enters it.
Cellulose is a substance which is found in the cell wall of a plant cell. Simply put, cellulose is cell sugar. Its main function is to support the plant – to
keep the plant rigid and prevent it from slopping over.
A further difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells contain a nuclear membrane. This structure has a similar role to the cell
membrane. The nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus and controls what substances enter and leave it.
Plant cells also contain substances known as chloroplasts. These are the organelles inside the plant on which the process of photosynthesis is conducted.
Chlorophyll is located on chloroplasts and is the substance which traps the energy of the sun rays to utilize it during photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is
important for plants because they generate their own food. During this process, pants convert carbon dioxide and water with the presence of sunlight and

Why Is Plant Cells?
Why is it that plant cells are autotrophic whereas animal cells are not? The answer is simple; chloroplasts. These are green organelles that are the
main site for photosynthesis in plant cells. They allow the plant to be known as the 'producer' in a food chain. Being such an essential part of the
plant cell, the question arises, where exactly did they come from in the first place. Have they been a part of the plant cells since the beginning of time
or did they evolve from some other species, and how are they able to carry out a process without which there would probably no life on earth. Where
did they come from? Interestingly, like organisms chloroplasts have ancestors too. These are called "cyanobacteria". Cyanobacteria are
morphologically complex organisms which belong to the family of eubacteria, also known as 'true bacteria'. Chloroplasts evolved from these organisms
by the 'endosymbiont hypothesis' which is the same mechanism that explains how mitochondria evolved. According to this theory, chloroplasts were
not just mere structures once, in fact they were individual organisms and that is the reason that they contain their own genome. Not only were they
quite similar to cyanobacteria, they also had a close relationship with plants cells, an interaction known as a symbiotic relationship. One can wonder,
what exactly happened to chloroplasts then? Why didn't they remain an individual species? Over time, these 'photosynthetic bacterial cells' formed the
chloroplasts

Essay about Plant Cell
Plant Cell
Plant cells have many different parts that are need to work together and function as a whole. These parts are the cell membrane which can be compared
to a "Condom" due to the fact that is a very thin protective layer that lets certain substances to pass through. Cell wall is a thicker rougher membrane,
which gives the plant most of its structure and support, the cell wall also bond with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant. Centrosome may
be also referred to as the "Microtubule organizing center" it's looks like a small body near the nucleus having a dense center and radiating tubules,
here in the centrosome is where the microtubules are made. Chloroplast is a CD shaped organelle that holds the plants...show more content...
Smoother ER moves newly made proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus. Vacuole is a large membrane–bound space within the plant cell that is
filled with fluid, within the fluid often is stored materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Animal Cell The animal cell like the plant cell has many different organelles but each one is need to work as a whole. Here are the organelles and
their functions, Cell membrane is a thin layer of protection which can be viewed as a "Condom" which is made for a payer of protein and fats, the
membrane allows some substance to pass though but not others. Centrosome is a rather small organelle located near the nucleus, it has a rather dense
center and radiating tubules. Here is where microtubules are made. Cytoplasm is a jell like material that surrounds the nucleus which is where the
organelles are located. Golgi body is a flat, layered organelles that looks like a stack of pancakes, it produces the membrane that surround the
lysosomes. The Golgi body packages protein and carbohydrates to be sent out of the cell.
Lysosome also called vesicles sphere shaped organelles surrounded by a membrane, contain digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of nutrients
takes place. Mitochondrion is a sphere shaped rod like organelles with two membrane, the mitochondrion converts the

Lab Report On Plant Cell Walls
Introduction:
Plant cell walls are composed of: Pectin matrices, cellulose microfibrils and branches of hemicellulose. Cell walls give plant cells their rigid oblong
shape (in morphogenesis) and its strength aids the plant cell's maintenance of osmotic stability–preventing lysis and crenation when exposed to
hypertonic or hypotonic environments respectively. The apoplast pathway in the cell wall is also completely permeable to ions and small particles–while
preventing the entry of toxic macromolecules.
Second to cell walls, plant cell membranes contain a variety of different lipids (made of fatty acids), proteins and carbohydrates. The two–molecule
thick–layered structure of membranes is made of a bilayer of amphipathic phospholipids...show more content...
The tonoplast is similar the external plasma membrane–in that there are also intrinsic transmembrane proteins which govern the movement of a variety
of ions and the one–way entry of betalain molecules–produced via the flavonoid pathway in the cytoplasm.
In fig.1, the absorbance values of the resultant beetroot solutions show a clear increase with increasing temperature, this is gradual from 23В°C to
60В°C, but this steeply increases until 70В°C–which was the last data point. Extrapolation may show an exponential increase, until all the red pigment
has been liberated from all of the beetroot cells, and the trend line would thus plateau horizontally.
In fig.2, the absorbance readings of H2O and chloroform are relatively very small–almost negligible, IMS has the second highest reading and Rapid
freezing did the most damage to the beetroot cells' membranes with a very high absorbance reading. This was so high that it couldn't be detected by the
monochromatic light from the spectrophotometer–dilutions were made as a result and the absorbance was multiplied to its true value.
Discussion:
The monochromatic light of the spectrophotometer was set to a value of 540nm (the green region of the visual spectrum). This is essential because the
betacyanin pigments present in the vacuoles of beetroot cells are what give the vegetable its distinctive red colour (light transmitted), so the
'compromise' green wavelength is absorbed in the greatest

Electrical Functions Of Plant And Animal Cells
Among the various transport systems involved in basic cellular functions in plant and animal cells, anion channels play a key role in various
physiological functions. This include cell osmoregulation, cell signalling, plant nutrition and compartmentalization of metabolites and metal tolerance
(reference). In plants, anion channels are reported to be found in plasma membrane, tonoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Plasma membrane channels have been the best characterized till date compared to those located in other membranes.
How do they work?
Ion channels in general work like a switch mechanism namely open and close state according to the factors that control their gating. When an ion
channel is open, massive ion fluxes occur based on their electrochemical gradient. Rapid development in understanding of ion channels came into light
when patch clamping technique was developed by Neher and Sakmann in the late 1970's. The electrophysiological properties of plant cell membranes
started being extensively studied even before the genes encoding anion channels were identified. This is evident from the first anion channel structure
being determined in bacteria only in 2002.
At plant cellular membrane level, the highly negative membrane potential (below –100 mV) and the intracellular anion accumulation dictate anion
efflux through anion channels when they are at open state. In cases of carboxylic anions such as malate and citrate, the pH gradient which is

Plant Cells : Occasion Homework
Plant Cells: Occasion Homework.9/4/16
Plants have numerous cells inside them. They all have distinctive part and capacities. Together they all out to make the plant empower itself to
survive. Inside a plant are its cells. Inside a cell are its organelles. These organelles are called cell organelles which are little individual parts of a phone
which complete distinctive particular capacities. There are a vast variety of different
Golgi Mechanical assembly: An arrangement (stack) of levelled, film bound sacs (saccules) required in the capacity, alteration and emission of
proteins (glycoproteins) and lipids bound to leave the cell (extracellular) and for use inside the cell (intracellular). The Golgi device is plentiful in
secretory...show more content...
Bigger particles (counting microscopic organisms) enter extraordinary white platelets (phagocytes) through a type of endocytosis called phagocytosis.
The Single adaptable cell is a unicellular protist that ingests sustenance (counting algal cells) by phagocytosis.
Lysosome: A film boundorganelle containing hydrolytic (digestive) catalysts. Lysosomes begin as layer bound vesicles (called Golgi vesicles) that
bud from the Golgi mechanical assembly. They are basically required with intracellular processing. Lysosomes wire with vesicles (little vacuoles)
framed by endocytosis. The substance of these vesicles are processed by lysosomal chemicals. Auto absorption by lysosomes likewise happens amid
embryonic improvement. The fingers of a human developing life are webbed at first, however are isolated from each other by lysosomal catalysts.
Cells in the tail of a tadpole are processed by lysosomal compounds amid the continuous move into a frog.
Peroxisome: A layer bound organelle that contains particular catalysts imported from the cytoplasm (cytosol). For instance, certain peroxisomes contain
the compound catalase which quickly separates dangerous hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This response can be effectively exhibited by
pouring some hydrogen peroxide on crude meat or an open injury.
Glycolysis: An anaerobic oxidation pathway outside of the mitochondria in which glucose is

Similarities Between Plant And Animal Cells
Cells are the basic unit of life, every living thing is made up of them (Robson). Cells are the smallest unit of life, they consist of a cytoplasm and a
membrane (Wiki). Cells can be unified as either unicellular or multicellular (Wiki). Multicellular cells consist of plant and animal cells, the number of
cells in each plant and animals vary from species to species (Wiki). Plant and animal cells have many similarities and differences such as their size,
what they are made up of, and their cell walls.
Plant cells are typically smaller than animal cells, they range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length (Bailey). The defined shape of a cell wall is
rectangular (Robson). The cell walls of this plant organism are rectangular due to the rigid cell walls, therefore forcing the cell to have a defined shape
(Scienceline).
Plant cells have a cell wall composed a membrane and cellulose (Bailey). Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate composed of thousands of glucose
molecules (Nutrients Review). The cell wall in the cell of a plant that surrounds the membrane is rigid and is made up of three layers (Bailey). The
three layers of the membrane in a plant cell is the primary cell wall, secondary cell wall, and the middle lamella (Robson). The main functions of
these layers and the cell wall in the plant cell are to prevent loss of water, offer support and limited plasticity, and prevent overextension caused by too
much water in the cell (Robson). While plant cells are made up of a membrane

Cell Biology : An Introduction Of The Cell
Cell Biology
An introduction to the cell
The cell is the smallest unit able to sustain life, and they are often referred to as the building blocks of life. There are two primary types of cell,
which are categorized according to the way their genetic material is packaged, rather than size or shape. These are:
1.Prokaryote cells – bacteria and archeans. They are single celled organisms, where the DNA is not separate from the cytoplasm. These prokaryote cells
formed the earliest and most primitive life on earth.
2.Eukaryotic cells – found in animals, plants and fungi. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is sectioned off from the cytoplasm in its own membrane
compartment called the nucleus.
Cells share many common features but have adapted over billions of years in a wide array of environments, to provide a variety of functional roles.
The structures and functions of a cell.
In order for cells and organisms to "live" they need to perform certain tasks such as produce energy through respiration, send messages, maintenance
and reproduction. To enable the cell to do so, it contains within small structures called organelles, eachorganelle is different and carries out a specific
function.Pic 1: (biology.about.com)
The

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