Human cognition and social behavior

1. information behavior
Nahid Gavili
PHD candidate
IRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(IUMS)
2019

2. Human cognition and
social behavior

3. OUTLINE…
Introduction
Human Cognition
and Social Behavior
Biological Secondary
Ability
Information
Intelligence
Multitasking
Coordinating
Socio-Cognitive
Ability
Combining Socio-
Cognitive Abilities
•Individual/Collaborative
Information
Processing
Affective Traits

4. Please answer below questions …
 Is information behavior shaped by both instinct and environment?
Is information behavior an important daily activity for all humans?
Is information behavior one dimension of human behavior?
 We see how information behavior emerges in young children even
without instruction and is visible in all human cultures and
develops throughout A human lifetime.
 Is information behavior modern phenomenon?

6. became their own principal hostile force
evolutionary
changes in human
psyche and social
behavior
ecologically
dominant
(Alexander,
1990)

7. Information
behavior
biologically
secondary
ability
information
intelligence
multitasking
Coordinating
socio-
cognitive
ability
information
processing
affective
dimensions

8. Biological secondary ability
language
biologically
primary abilities
decision-making
cultural
influences
Information behavior is complex
combination of different
biologically primary
the creation of artifacts to
support information finding,
organizing and using…
information
processing
interact with particular
types of computer
software
ability to find, organize and
use information

10. Information
IntelligenceLinguistic
Intelligence
Bodily-
Kinesthetic
Intelligence
Spatial
Intelligence
Interpersonal
Intelligence
Naturalist
Intelligence
Intrapersonal
Intelligence
Logical-
Mathematical
Intelligence
Musical
Intelligence
Gardner (1983, 1999)
proposed that humans
have at least eight forms
of intelligence
ASSMITH(2008)asserts the
“ intelligences rarely operate independently. They are
used at the same time and tend to complement each
other as people develop skills and solve problems.”
“capacity to solve
problems or to
fashion products
that are valued in
one or more cultural
settings”

11. Information intelligence(ii)
• II Is related to the human information domain and the human capacity to understand
that one has information problems and can carry out information behaviors to fulfill
certain information gathering, organizing and using goals. In particular, this
intelligence is related to the logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence,
interpersonal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence.

12. ‫خود‬ ‫بقای‬ ‫برای‬ ‫که‬ ‫هستند‬ ‫موفق‬ ‫هایی‬ ‫سازمان‬ ‫و‬ ‫افراد‬
‫محیطی‬ ‫تغییرات‬ ‫به‬ ‫مناسب‬ ‫پاسخ‬ ‫همچنین‬ ‫و‬(‫مقصدشناسی‬
‫گیری‬ ‫تصمیم‬ ‫و‬)‫بگیرند‬ ‫بهره‬ ‫خود‬ ‫اطالعاتی‬ ‫هوش‬ ‫از‬...

13. Multitasking
• Multitasking is the ability of
humans to simultaneously
handle the demands of multiple
tasks through task switching
(rubinstein, meyer, & evans,
2001).

14. TWO TYPES OF TASKS WERE DEFINED IN THE
STUDY(YAN ZHANG, 2012)
tasks
simple
well-defined
question
complex
clarity
distribution
cognitive
activity
open-ended
question
High-level
cognitive activities

15.  Multitasking information behavior may involve a combination of cognitive and
physical actions, on dual or multiple tasks concurrently or sequentially, including
information task switching.
(librarian example)
Multitasking information behaviors have been observed in a number of
information
environments, such as web and database searching, and library use.

18. Multitasking information behaviors and
information task switching is affected by:

19. A new integrated model for multitasking
during web searching
PEGGY ALEXOPOULOU, ANNE MORRIS, MARK HEPWORTH
• Four mechanisms are thought to be related to successful task switching:
• task selection, which is about the prioritizing of each task;
• demand level, which is about the difficulty of each task;
• multiple resources, which relates to the number resources
needed/available to complete the tasks;
• confusion about the requirement of each task (wickens CD. 1989).

20. COORDINATI
NG
• Human information
coordinating behavior
(ICB) is an important
linking and sustaining
process for the science of
information that binds
together the many
Information behavior
processes (spink & cole,
2006).

21. Coordination goes beyond collaboration –
you may collaborate on one level, but not
facilitate a coordination.
The informational feedback loop of coordination behavior is one of the most
penetrating fundamentals in the information sciences and the basis for a theory of
interaction.
 information seekers must coordinate a number of elements, including their
cognitive state, level of knowledge, their understanding of their information
problem, into a coherent series of activities that may include seeking,
searching, retrieving and using information.

22. For example, a human is seeking information on her family history. She enters a
library or begins to search the Web. To enable her information-seeking and
searching process to move forward she must understand the dimensions of her
information problem and coordinate her information seeking and searching
processes to the degree that she is able to interact with the functional structure of
the library or Web system. This coordination process between information
problem and information seeking/searching process must take place before a
user enters a keyword into the Web or begins to browse the library shelves. The
output of the Web search or the books found on the library shelves are
coordinated through information feedback by the information-seeker with her
information problem through various judgments of the relevance, magnitude and
strategic aspects of the information system’s output (Spink, 1997b).

23. SOCIO-COGNITIVE
ABILITY
• The socio-
cognitive
dimension
represents a
combination of
two selection
pressures – first
adaptations due
to ecological and
secondly, social

24. ‫اجتماعی‬ ‫نظریه‬-‫و‬ ‫یورلند‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫شناختی‬
‫در‬ ‫آلبرچسن‬1995‫گردید‬ ‫مطرح‬...
‫گیرد‬ ‫می‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫زیستی‬ ‫اصول‬ ‫طریق‬ ‫از‬ ‫کودکان‬ ‫اولیه‬ ‫شناخت‬.
‫حدودی‬ ‫تا‬ ‫افراد‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫آن‬ ‫بیانگر‬ ‫نکته‬ ‫این‬
‫بیشت‬ ‫را‬ ‫موسیقی‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫برخی‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫گیرد،برای‬ ‫می‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫زیستی‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫به‬‫ر‬
‫کنند‬ ‫می‬ ‫دنبال‬ ‫ریاضی‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫از‬.
‫اطالع‬ ‫رفتار‬ ‫بر‬ ‫بافت‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫انسان‬ ‫نقش‬ ‫و‬ ‫حوزه‬ ‫و‬ ‫بافت‬ ‫تاثیر‬
‫یابی‬(‫مادر‬ ،‫همسر‬ ،‫دانشجو‬ ،‫کارمند‬()....‫این‬ ‫در‬ ‫ساالنه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫کنفرانس‬
‫حوزه‬)
‫گیرد‬ ‫نمی‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫در‬ ‫عام‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫به‬ ‫را‬ ‫کاربران‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫این‬(‫حوزه‬ ‫تحلیل‬)‫بلکه‬
‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫خانوادگی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اجتماعی‬ ،‫فرهنگی‬ ‫تعلقات‬ ‫از‬ ‫ای‬ ‫مجموعه‬ ‫در‬.
‫اطالعاتی‬ ‫های‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫طراحی‬ ‫در‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫این‬ ‫کاربرد‬...

25. ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮫ‬‫د‬‫ﮔﯿﺮ‬‫ا‬ ‫ی‬‫ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬
‫بندورا‬ ‫آلبرت‬...
‫ھ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ط‬‫ﯽ‬‫ﺳﺎ‬‫ل‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ﺧﯿﺮ‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫دوران‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮫ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬‫و‬
‫ظ‬‫ﮭﻮ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﯾﻨﻔﻠﻮﺋﻨﺴﺮ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻮ‬‫ده‬‫ا‬‫ﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬‫از‬‫ھ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ز‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ﯾﮕﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬‫ﻣﻄﺮ‬‫ح‬
‫ا‬‫ﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺘﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﮐﻮ‬‫د‬‫ﮐﺎ‬،‫ن‬‫ﻧﻮﺟﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺰ‬‫ر‬‫ﮔﺴﺎﻻ‬،‫ن‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﭼﮫ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟﮕﻮ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺘﺎ‬‫ری‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﻣﺸﺎ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ه‬‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬‫ﻗﺮ‬‫ار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮ‬‫د؟‬
‫ا‬‫ﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮ‬‫ع‬‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ﻏﺪﻏﮫ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬‫ه‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎ‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻓﻘﺎ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ﺑﺰ‬‫ارھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ی‬
‫ار‬‫ﺗﺒﺎ‬‫ط‬‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬‫ﻣﺪ‬،‫رن‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺑﮭﺎﻧﮫ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ی‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ای‬‫ﻧﻘﺪ‬‫ﮐﺮ‬‫دن‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺳﺮ‬‫اغ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎ‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ﯾﺪﮔﺎ‬‫ه‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ی‬‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬‫ورا‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﻧﺪ‬.
‫ھ‬‫ﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫در‬‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﮕﯿﺰ‬‫ه‬‫ھ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺧﻮ‬‫اھ‬‫ﯿﻢ‬‫د‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ﭘﯿﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﮐﺮ‬‫دن‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﮕﻮ‬‫و‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎ‬‫ھ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮫ‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺘﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﺴﺎ‬‫ن‬‫ھ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ی‬‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ا‬‫ﺗﮑﺎ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮫ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫د‬‫ﮔﯿﺮ‬‫ی‬
‫ا‬‫ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬‫ﻣﻄﺮ‬‫ح‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮ‬‫د‬.

26. ‫بندورا‬ ‫و‬ ‫یورلند‬
•‫ﻧ‬‫ﻈﺮ‬‫ﻳﻪ‬‫ا‬‫ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻂ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﺒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ت‬‫ﺒﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ورا‬‫ارا‬‫ﺋﻪ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺖ‬،‫ﻤﺘﻔﺎ‬‫وت‬‫از‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻈﺮ‬‫ﻳﻪ‬
‫اجتماعی‬-‫شناختی‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫می‬‫ﺒﺎﺷ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫زه‬‫ﻋﻠ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ا‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﻼﻋﺎ‬‫ت‬‫ارا‬‫ﺋﻪ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ه‬
‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺖ‬...
•‫ﺒﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ورا‬(‫ﺷﺨ‬‫ﺺ‬،‫ﻤﺣﻳ‬‫ﻂ‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺘﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫د‬‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺒﻪ‬‫ﻃﻮ‬‫ر‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻲ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻛﻧﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ر‬‫ﻓﺘﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺒﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ي‬‫ﺷﺨ‬‫ﺺ‬‫را‬‫تعیین‬‫نمایند‬‫ﻳﻌﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﻳﭻ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻚ‬‫از‬‫ا‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺳﻪ‬‫را‬‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ان‬
‫ﺟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫از‬‫ا‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺰ‬‫اي‬‫د‬‫ﻳﮕ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒﻪ‬‫ﻋﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ان‬‫ﺘﻌﻳﻳ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻛﻧﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ﻓﺘﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﺳﺎ‬‫ن‬‫به‬‫ﺣﺳﺎ‬‫ب‬‫آورد‬)
‫در‬‫واقع‬‫بندورا‬‫ﺘﻼ‬‫ش‬‫دا‬‫ﺷﺘﻪ‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺟﻧﺒﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ي‬‫ﺟﺎﻤﻌﻪ‬‫ﺷﻧﺎﺳﻲ‬،‫روان‬
‫ﺷﻧﺎﺳﻲ‬‫ﺷﻧﺎﺨ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﺳﺎ‬‫ن‬‫را‬‫در‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫د‬‫ﮔﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ي‬‫ﻧﺷﺎ‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬.
•‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻧﺣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ه‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﺳﺎ‬‫ن‬‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ا‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﻼﻋﺎ‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ﺘﺎﺛﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟﻧﺒﻪ‬‫های‬‫ﺟﺎﻤﻌ‬‫ه‬‫ﺷﻧﺎﺨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺣﻳ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻼ‬‫ت‬‫را‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻮ‬‫رد‬‫ﺘﺎﻛﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ار‬‫داده‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺖ‬.

27. Individual/collaborative
• People may act as individuals or collaborate with others in a group during their
information behavior(foster,2006;hyldegard, 2009).
• Their behavior is affected by many factors, including situational and contextual
influences, and social dimensions of group interaction.

28. INFORMATION PROCESSING
• In summary, based on what we know about information processing as an
important element of human cognition, we can understand that the emergence
of information behavior was underpinned by the presence of an information
processing capability in early humans. Cognitively, information behavior is not
possible without a human information processing capability.

29. AFFECTIVE TRAITS
Information behavior includes:
 personality attributes,
affective traits,
Emotions and feeling,

30. 30

32. References
:

33. 1. Spink A. Information behavior: an evolutionary instinct. Springer science &
business media; 2010 jun 25.
2. Spink a, cole c. Information behavior: A socio-cognitive ability. Evolutionary
psychology. 2007 apr 1;5(2):147470490700500201.
3. Kinley k, tjondronegoro d, partridge h, edwards s. Human-computer
interaction: the impact of users' cognitive styles on query reformulation
behaviour during web searching. Inproceedings of the 24th australian
computer-human interaction conference 2012 nov 26 (pp. 299-307). Acm.
4. Alexopoulou p, morris a, hepworth m. A new integrated model for
multitasking during web searching. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences.
2014 aug 25;147:16-25.
5. Zhang y. The impact of task complexity on people’s mental models of
medlineplus. Information processing & management. 2012 jan 1;48(1):107-
19.
6. Spink a. Multitasking information behavior and information task switching: an
exploratory study. Journal of documentation. 2004 aug 1;60(4):336-51.

34. .1‫زاده‬ ‫مکی‬,‫بیگدلی‬,‫زاھد‬.‫اجتماعی‬ ‫شناخت‬ ‫نظریه‬:‫اطالعاتی‬ ‫رفتارھای‬ ‫در‬ ‫مؤثر‬ ‫رویکردی‬.‫کتابداری‬ ‫پژوھشنامه‬‫و‬
‫رسانی‬ ‫اطالع‬.2015NOV 22;4(2):131-47.
.2‫صنم‬ ‫زاده‬ ‫ابراھیم‬,‫سعید‬ ‫آبادي‬ ‫شریف‬ ‫رضایي‬.‫اجتماعي‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫ھاي‬ ‫آموزه‬–‫اطالعات‬ ‫بازیابي‬ ‫در‬ ‫شناختي‬.
.3‫خاتون‬ ‫نعیمه‬ ‫بحریني‬,‫مهدیه‬ ‫میرزابیگي‬,‫ھاجر‬ ‫ستوده‬.‫عمل‬ ‫بر‬ ‫کاري‬ ‫وظایف‬ ‫پیچیدگي‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫تاثیر‬ ‫بررسي‬‫جستجوي‬ ‫کرد‬
‫وب‬ ‫با‬ ‫تعامل‬ ‫در‬ ‫کاربران‬ ‫مروري‬.
.4‫ک‬ ‫اطالعاتی‬ ‫ھوش‬ ‫افزایش‬ ‫ھای‬ ‫راه‬ ‫بررسی‬ ،‫جالل‬ ‫صفرخانلو‬ ،‫علیرضا‬ ‫باقری‬‫اطالعاتی‬ ‫ھای‬ ‫سازمان‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارکنان‬
.5‫زاھد‬ ‫بیگدلي‬,‫شبنم‬ ‫شاھیني‬.‫اطالعاتي‬ ‫رفتار‬ ‫و‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫مفاھیم‬ ‫تکامل‬ ‫و‬ ‫پیچیدگي‬(‫مروري‬ ‫مقاله‬.)

35. ‫شما‬ ‫توجه‬‫از‬‫باتشکر‬