2. 1) Author
2) About Neuroteh devices
3) Usage in field
4) Risks and benefits
5) Methods
i) Fatigue tracking
ii)Monitoring attention and focus
iii) Create more adaptive work environment
6) Ethical responsibilities
7) conclusion
Table of
contents
3. Distinguished Professor of
Law and Philosophy at
Duke University, a scholar
on the ethical, legal, and
social implications of
emerging technologies,
Neurotech devices.
The article is adapted from
The Battle for Your Brain:
Defending the Right to
Think Freely in the Age of
Neurotechnology (HBR,
2023).
Nita A
Farahany
The Author
4. Emotions and
behaviours
• “see” your emotions, your arousal, and your
alertness displayed over a Screen.
• conservative or liberal;
• whether you’re in love or just in lust
Sports and
Neurological
functions
• Football player, you’ll soon be able to wear a
smart helmet
• You can track changes - the slowing down of
activity in certain brain regions
• Epilepsy & Insomia- advance warning
Welcome to the future
5. What is Neurotech device?
Simple wearable device that measures electrical
activity in the brain or at muscle junctions
throughout the body, you can get graphical, real-
time displays of your brain activity and bioelectric
changes in your muscles.
For example:
• Electroencephalography (EEG) Devices
• Retinal Implants
• Cochlear Implants
• Artificial Limbs etc
6. Neurotech Devices in workplace - A Reality
examples
• Watches, headphones, Earbuds, hard hats,
Caps, VR headsets
monitoring
• Fatigue, track attention, boost productivity,
enhance safety, decrease stress, and create a
more responsive working environment.
Opportunity
• uncharted territory, full of promise and
peril for managers
7. Brain sensors have a rapidly
expanding range of personal
applications
growing at a compound
annual rate of 12% and is
expected to reach $21 billion
by 2026.
The Nascent Market of Neurotech
Thousands of
companies
worldwide, in
industries
such as
construction,
trucking, and
aviation,
already use
neurotech
devices to
ensure that
their
employees
are wide
awake
8. Benefits
Medical sciences &
Technologies
Wide range of Managerial
applications
ways to improve productivity of
employees
create healthier & more
successful organizations
Risks
Give access to incidental
information— information
about early cognitive decline.
Significant privacy concerns for
employees
Can undermine employee trust
and morale.
Whatever is gained in workplace safety or productivity could be
offset by the loss of employee trust, an essential ingredient of
corporate success.
9. Balancing the risks and benefits of using N-
Tech devices in Orgainzation
• Employees are more productive,
• have more energy,
• collaborate better
• are more loyal;
employees in High-
trust organizations
• feel disempowered
• and become disengaged.
• disengagement matters: It’s recently been
estimated that corporations in the United
States lose $450 billion to $550 billion each year
because of it.
Low-trust
organizations
11. Tracking Fatigue using N-Tech
Fatigue
costs on
society
• In Citra, Florida, an engineer fell asleep while operating a train that
was pulling 100 railcars full of phosphate and crashed head-on into a
coal train. Thirty-two cars left the tracks, spilling 1,346 tons of coal,
1,150 tons of phosphate, 7,400 gallons of diesel fuel, and 77 gallons of
battery acid.
• 16 Aviation accidents
Impacts of
Fatigue
•Reduces motivation, concentration, and coordination.
• Employee Safety-factory floors, air-traffic-control towers, operating
rooms, laboratories, and so on.
•It causes some $136 billion in productivity losses a year
.
In 2019, Tim
Ekert, the
CEO of
SmartCap
• Announcement of LifeBand, a fatigue-tracking headband.
• The LifeBand gathers brain-wave data and processes it through
SmartCap’s LifeApp, - prevents driver from falling into involuntary
sleep while driving.
.
12. Monitoring Attention and Focus using N-Tech
Olivier Oullie
& Emotiv
• Unveiled the MN8, Emotiv’s enterprise solution for attention management.
• MN8: Ear buds- the device allows employers to monitor employees’ stress and
attention levels in real time.
• Focus UX, a system that monitors employees’ brain states and in real time
shares personalized feedback with them and their managers.
Working of
MN8
• MN8: The system uses the alpha-brain-wave activity to index the attentive
state in employees brain.
• Flagging attension: “Christina, it’s time for a break. Do you want to take a short
walk or do a five-minute guided meditation to reset your focus?”
Focus UX
• evaluate employees’ cognitive loads, compare individuals across the workforce,
and make decisions about how to optimize the workforce for productivity.
13. A Nudge for
Wanderers
• The MIT Media Lab has developed a system called AttentivU, which measures a
person’s engagement via EEG sensors embedded in a pair of glasses and a
wearable scarf in form of haptic feedback.
Research by
900 Boston
Consulting
Group
• Over 30 countries has shown that mental downtime increases alertness,
improves creativity, and leads to greater output quality.
• When workers know their attention is being monitored, they may attempt to
minimize mental downtime—by doing things to actively bring their attention
and focus back to the task at hand—out of a fear of appearing unproductive
Downside of
Work Focus
• health problems: depression and anxiety, ulcers, cardiovascular trouble, and
even suicidal thoughts.
Monitoring Attention and Focus Using N-Tech
14. Creating more-adaptive work environments
• brain-activity neural-interface devices are used to make
the workplace more adaptive..
• For example, Penn State researchers are experimenting
with EEG headsets for employees that provide input to
robots, which then calibrate their pace of work to the
employees’ state of mind
The new era
of “cognitive
ergonomics.”
• In one recent study, researchers in Belgium had participants
perform assembly tasks in a simulated factory setting while being
subjected to varying levels of cognitive load (low, high, and
overload).
• The researchers found that by tracking EEG activity and eye
movements, they could differentiate between a high cognitive
load and cognitive overload, which can produce errors, safety
hazards, and detrimental health effects on workers
Cognitive
load
experiments
15. Creating more-adaptive work environments
• A recent study of companies that track how their
employees use their computers found that 26% of
employers had fired workers for misusing the internet, and
25% had fired them for misusing email.
A
Points
to
Ponder
16. Ethical Responsibility of Neutrotech Users
Employee Rights
Privacy laws and
regulation
Terms of use
Disclosure
Storing brain data
17. Neurotech devices are replacing peripherals like mouse and the
keyboard with neural interfaces integrated into headsets,
earbuds, and wrist-worn devices.
Now is the time to start thinking in practical terms about how best to
engage with the world that’s opening before us.
Conclusion
