The document discusses how readers make inferences to understand details and information that authors do not explicitly state. It explains that inferences are made by combining what an author says with what the reader already knows. It provides examples of inferences made about the hot weather from details about it being scorching and summer, about lemonade being taken from the refrigerator based on knowledge it is kept cold there, and about wanting a glass of lemonade from getting a glass out of the cupboard since glasses are used for drinking.