SOS

1. MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA NUCLEAR
CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA DE SEGURANÇA DO
TRABALHO
CHOQUE ELÉTRICO - BARRASHOPPINGSUL
por
Humberto Bortoluzzi
Orientadora:
Luisa Tânia Elesbão Rodrigues
Porto Alegre, Agosto 2009

2. CHOQUE ELÉTRICO - BARRASHOPPINGSUL
por
H u m b e r t o B o r t o l u z z i
Engenheiro Eletricista
Monografia submetida ao Corpo Docente do Curso de Especialização em
Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho, do Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear,
da Escola de Engenharia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do Título de
Especialização
em Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho
Orientadora: Profª. Luisa Tânia Elesbão Rodrigues
Prof. Dr. Sergio Viçosa Möller
Coordenador do Curso de Especialização em
Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho
Porto Alegre, Agosto 2009

3. DEDICATÓRIA
A minha esposa Tânia, as minhas filhas Letícia,
Luiza e a minha mãe Maria Amália (Tia Mamá),
pelo apoio e incentivo dado durante os longos
18 meses do curso.
iii

4. AGRADECIMENTOS
Aos grandes colegas e amigos conquistados durante o curso de
Especialização na gelada sala de aula durante o inverno e sufocante, nas noites
quentes do verão, do prédio de Engenharia Mecânica.
A minha mãe que lutou para que eu fizesse o curso, a Tânia que me
esperava na República para tomar àquela cerveja.
A Profª. Luisa Tânia pela paciência em esperar o início do trabalho e,
finalmente, a conclusão, que me pareceu interminável.
iv

5. RESUMO
Choque Elétrico
Eletricidade é uma das formas de energia mais difundida no planeta neste
início de século. Ela está presente em todos os segmentos da sociedade, em todos
os lugares, e, de certa forma, sempre há a nossa disposição uma fonte provedora de
tensão para ser utilizada. Esta difusão de pontos e facilidades torna elevado o risco
de acidente com eletricidade.
O problema existe, é grave e de certa forma é desconhecido pela grande
maioria da população. A legislação que regulamenta o trabalho em eletricidade, NR-
10 é atual e suficiente, as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas
(ABNT) que especificam equipamentos, partes e peças são inúmeras e contribuem
para a segurança de todos no quesito elétrico. A observância de empregados e
empregadores, o respeito dos fabricantes na preparação de componentes elétricos,
a fiscalização atuante e ainda assim os acidentes com eletricidade são freqüentes e
na grande maioria deixam seqüelas graves.
O novo shopping na cidade de Porto Alegre, o BarraShoppingSul é um
prédio moderno que respeitou todas as regras de segurança no que diz respeito à
eletricidade, mas mesmo assim, os riscos existem e são reais.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os pontos que oferecem
risco à saúde e segurança das pessoas que de certa forma, habitam as
dependências do prédio do BarraShoppingSul e por quais motivos, apesar de todos
os cuidados, ainda ocorrem acidentes com eletricidade.
v

6. ABSTRACT
Electric Shock
Electricity is one of the most disseminate ways of energy on the planet in the
beginning of this century. It is present in all segments of society, in all places, and, in
certain way, we always have at our disposal a tension source supplier to be used.
This diffusion of points and the facilities make the risk of accident with electricity
extremely high.
The problem exists, is serious and in certain way it is unknown to the great
majority of the population. The legislation that regulates the work in electricity, NR-10
is current and adequate; the norms of the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms
(ABNT) which specify equipment, parts and pieces are innumerable and contribute
for the security of all in the electric question. Although the observance of employers
and employees, the respect of the manufacturers in the preparation of electric
components, the operating supervision still the accidents with electricity are frequent
and in a great majority of the cases leave serious sequels.
The new shopping in the city of Porto Alegre, BarraShoppingSul is a modern
building that has respected all the security rules concerning electricity, and even
though the risks still exist and are real.
The present work is meant to identify the points that offer risk to the health and
the safety of the people who in a certain way, inhabit the dependences of the building
of BarraShoppingSul and for which reasons, although all the cares, accidents with
electricity still occur.
vi

7. ÍNDICE Pág.
1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................01
1.1 Eletricidade.............................................................................................01
1.2 Conceitos ...............................................................................................02
2. RISCOS............................................................................................................02
2.1 Riscos com Eletricidade .........................................................................02
2.1.1 Aquecimento ...............................................................................03
2.1.2 Fogo............................................................................................03
2.1.3 Arco Elétrico................................................................................03
2.1.4 Choque elétrico ...........................................................................04
2.2 Tipos de Choque Elétrico .......................................................................06
2.2.1 Choque Estático..........................................................................06
2.2.2 Choque Dinâmico........................................................................06
2.2.3 Tipos de Potencial.......................................................................06
2.3 Acidentes com Eletricidade ....................................................................07
2.3.1 Classificação dos Acidentes........................................................08
2.3.2 Efeitos .........................................................................................08
3. RISCO DE CHOQUE NO BARRASHOPPINGSUL..........................................09
3.1 Localização do Prédio ............................................................................10
3.2 Mall.........................................................................................................11
3.2.1 Tomadas de Piso ........................................................................11
3.2.2 Tomadas de Parede....................................................................12
3.2.3 Caixas de Passagem ..................................................................12
3.3 Galerias Técnicas...................................................................................13
3.3.1 Quadros de Distribuição..............................................................14
3.3.2 Centros de Medição ....................................................................14
3.3.3 Tomadas de Potência .................................................................15
3.4 Estacionamento Externo ........................................................................15
3.4.1 Caixas de Passagem / Alimentação Postes................................16
vii

8. 3.5 Subestações...........................................................................................16
3.5.1 Quadros de Distribuição..............................................................17
3.5.2 QGBT..........................................................................................17
3.5.3 Iluminação...................................................................................18
3.6 Gerador ..................................................................................................18
3.7 Centro Medição MT................................................................................19
4. LEGISLAÇÃO...................................................................................................20
4.1 Normas Brasileiras.................................................................................20
4.1.1 NR-10..........................................................................................21
4.2 Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE) ..............................................24
5. MEDIDAS DE PROTEÇÃO..............................................................................24
5.1 Proteção contra o Contato Direto...........................................................25
5.2 Proteção contra o Contato Indireto.........................................................26
5.3 Aterramento............................................................................................26
6. EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO .................................................................29
6.1 Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPI).............................................29
6.2 Equipamento de Proteção Coletiva (EPC) .............................................31
6.3 Primeiros Socorros.................................................................................32
7. RESPONSABILIDADES...................................................................................32
7.1 Responsabilidade Civil ...........................................................................33
7.2 Responsabilidade Criminal.....................................................................35
8. CONCLUSÃO...................................................................................................36
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.....................................................................37
viii

9. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Pág.
Figura 01 .............................................................................................................05
Figura 02 .............................................................................................................07
Figura 03 .............................................................................................................07
Figura 04 .............................................................................................................22
Figura 05 .............................................................................................................22
Figura 06 .............................................................................................................26
Figura 07 .............................................................................................................26
Figura 08 .............................................................................................................28
Figura 09 .............................................................................................................28
Figura 10 .............................................................................................................29
Figura 11 .............................................................................................................31
ÍNDICE DE TABELAS
Tabela 01 .............................................................................................................05
Tabela 02 .............................................................................................................30
Tabela 03 .............................................................................................................32
ix

10. ÍNDICE DE IMAGENS Pág.
Imagem 01 ...........................................................................................................04
Imagem 02 ...........................................................................................................08
Imagem 03 ...........................................................................................................10
Imagem 04 ...........................................................................................................11
Imagem 05 ...........................................................................................................12
Imagem 06 ...........................................................................................................12
Imagem 07 ...........................................................................................................13
Imagem 08 ...........................................................................................................13
Imagem 09 ...........................................................................................................14
Imagem 10 ...........................................................................................................14
Imagem 11 ...........................................................................................................15
Imagem 12 ...........................................................................................................15
Imagem 13 ...........................................................................................................16
Imagem 14 ...........................................................................................................16
Imagem 15 ...........................................................................................................17
Imagem 16 ...........................................................................................................18
Imagem 17 ...........................................................................................................18
Imagem 18 ...........................................................................................................19
Imagem 19 ...........................................................................................................31
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