This document discusses learning styles and strategies for adapting to different teaching styles. It identifies various learning style dimensions including social vs independent, spatial vs verbal, applied vs conceptual, auditory vs visual, and creative vs pragmatic. For each dimension, it provides descriptions of different learner types and suggests strategies for learners to use based on their own preferred style or to adapt to a teacher's style. It emphasizes the importance of self-reflection and evaluation to improve learning.

1. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Study Skills
Topic 6
Learning Styles & Teaching
Styles
PowerPoint by JoAnn Yaworski

2. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Learning Styles Identifiers
 Social or independent learners
 Spatial or verbal learners
 Applied or conceptual learners
 Auditory or visual learners
 Creative or pragmatic learners

3. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Social vs. Independent
Learners
Social Learners:
 Prefer to work with
other people.
 Are people oriented.
 Enjoy personal
interaction.
Independent Learners:
 Prefer to work and
study alone.
 Are self-directed or
self-motivated.
 Often are goal
oriented.

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Spatial vs. Verbal Learners
Spatial Learners:
 Visualize or mentally
see how things work
or are positioned in
space.
 Their strengths include
drawing, assembling
things, or repairing.
Verbal Learners:
 Lack skills in
positioning things in
space.
 Rely on verbal or
language skills.

5. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Applied vs. Conceptual
Learners
Applied Learners:
 Prefer tasks that
involve real objects
and situations.
 Prefer examples that
make an idea clear and
understandable.
Conceptual Learners:
 Prefer to work with
language and ideas.
 Enjoy working with
theories and concepts.
 Tend to work from
rule to example.

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Auditory vs. Conceptual
Learners
Auditory Learners:
 Learn more easily by
hearing and listening.
Visual Learners:
 Processes information
by seeing it in print
including:
 Film
 Picture
 Diagram

7. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Creative vs. Pragmatic
Learners
Creative Learners:
 Are imaginative and
innovative.
 Learn through
discovery or
experimentation.
 Are comfortable
taking risks and
following hunches.
Pragmatic Learners:
 Are practical, logic,
and systematic.
 Seek order.
 Are comfortable
following rules.

8. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Intentional Learning
 Pay close attention to the topics that your
instructor emphasizes.
 Review previous exams and quizzes.
 Use textbook patterns to identify key ideas.
 Take note of chapter objectives.
 Make use of end-of-chapter review
questions.
 Talk with other students who have taken the
course.

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Intent to Learn
 What actions can you take to strengthen
your intent to learn?
 What personal purposes or reasons do you
have for learning the course material?
 What do you aim to do with this material
later that makes you want to learn it now?

10. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Learning Strategies for Applied
Learning Styles
 Associate ideas with their application.
 Take courses with a lab or practicum.
 Think of practical situations to which
learning applies.
 Use case studies, examples, and
applications to cue your learning.

11. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
 Use outlining.
 Focus on thought patterns.
 Organize materials into rules and examples.
Learning Strategies for
Conceptual Learning Styles

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 Tape review notes.
 Discuss/study with friends.
 Talk aloud when studying.
 Tape lectures.
Learning Strategies for
Auditory Learning Styles

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 Use mapping.
 Use visualization.
 Use computer-assisted instructions.
 Use films and videos.
 Draw diagrams, charts, and maps.
Learning Strategies for Visual
Learning Styles

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 Draw diagrams, make charts, and make
sketches.
 Use outlining.
 Use visualization.
 Use mapping.
Learning Strategies for Spatial
Learning Styles

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 Record steps, processes, and procedures.
 Write summaries.
 Translate diagrams and drawings into
language.
 Write for your interpretation next to text
book drawings, maps, and graphics.
Learning Strategies for Verbal
Learning Styles

16. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
 Take courses that involve exploration,
experimentation, or discussion.
 Use annotation to record impressions and
reactions.
 Ask questions about chapter content and
answer them.
Learning Strategies for
Creative Learning Styles

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 Write lists of steps, processes, and
procedures.
 Write summaries and outlines.
 Use structured study environments.
 Focus on problem-solving and logical
sequences.
Learning Strategies for
Pragmatic Learning Styles

18. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
 Interact with instructor.
 Find a study partner.
 Form a study group.
 Take courses involving class discussion.
 Work with a tutor.
Learning Strategies for Social
Learning Styles

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 Use computer-assisted instructions.
 Enroll in courses using traditional lecture-
exam format.
 Consider independent study courses.
 Purchase review books and study guides.
Learning Strategies for
Independent Learning Styles

20. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Adapting to Social vs.
Independent Teaching Styles
If you are an
independent learner,
but your teacher has a
social teaching style:
 Spend time reviewing
class activities alone.
 Make notes.
 Repeat activities by
yourself.
If you are a social
learner, but your
teacher has an
independent teaching
style:
 Join a study group.
 Study regularly with
a classmate.

21. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Adapting to Spatial vs. Verbal
Teaching Styles
If you are a spatial
learner, but your
teacher has a verbal
teaching style:
 Draw diagrams,
charts, and pictures
to learn the material.
If you are a verbal
learner, but your
teacher has a spatial
teaching style:
 Translate diagrams
and flow charts into
words to learn the
material.

22. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Adapting to Applied vs.
Conceptual Teaching Styles
If you are an applied
learner, but your
teacher has a
conceptual teaching
style:
 Think of examples.
 Leave space in your
class notes to add
examples during
class or when you
review the notes.
If you are a conceptual
learner, but your
teacher has an applied
teaching style:
 Use space in your
class notes to write in
generalizations that
state what the
examples are
intended to prove.

23. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Adapting to Auditory vs. Visual
Teaching Styles
If you are a visual
learner, but your
teacher has an
auditory teaching
style:
 Record as much
information as
possible in your
notes.
If you are an auditory
learner, but your
teacher has a visual
teaching style:
 Tape-record
summaries of these
visual aids.

24. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
Adapting to Creative vs.
Pragmatic Teaching Styles
If you are a creative
learner, but your
teacher has a
pragmatic teaching
style:
 Create a column in
your class notes to
record creative
thoughts and
responses.
If you are a pragmatic
learner, but your
teacher has a creative
teaching style:
 Rewrite and
restructure class notes.
 Ask for specific
guidelines for
completing
assignments.

25. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
 At what pace am I working?
 How much do I remember?
 How does this information fit with other
material I have learned?
 What does this topic have to do with earlier
discussions?
 How does this topic fit with current
lectures?
 What principle do these problems illustrate?
Evaluate Your Learning

26. ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers.
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