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Opium
Tiga pecandu pada masa Hindia Belanda (litografi berdasarkan
gambar oleh Auguste van Pers, 1854)
Opium
Opium, apiun, atau candu (slang Bahasa Inggris: pop-
py) adalah getah bahan baku narkotika yang diperoleh da-
ri buah candu (Papaver somniferum L. atau P. paeoniflo-
rum) yang belum matang.
Opium merupakan tanaman semusim yang hanya bisa di-
budidayakan di pegunungan kawasan subtropis. Tinggi
tanaman hanya sekitar satu meter. Daunnya jorong de-
ngan tepi bergerigi. Bunga opium bertangkai panjang
dan keluar dari ujung ranting. Satu tangkai hanya ter-
diri dari satu bunga dengan kuntum bermahkota putih,
ungu, dengan pangkal putih serta merah cerah. Bunga
opium sangat indah hingga beberapa spesies Papaver la-
zim dijadikan tanaman hias. Buah opium berupa bulatan
sebesar bola pingpong bewarna hijau.
Istilah untuk candu yang telah dimasak dan siap untuk
dihisap adalah madat. Istilah ini banyak digunakan di
kalangan para penggunanya bukan hanya sebagai kata
nomina tapi juga kata kerja.
1 Produksi
Buah opium yang dilukai dengan pisau sadap akan meng-
eluarkan getah kental berwarna putih. Setelah kering dan
berubah warna menjadi cokelat, getah ini dipungut dan
dipasarkan sebagai opium mentah.
Opium mentah ini bisa diproses secara sederhana hingga
menjadi candu siap konsumsi. Kalau getah ini diekstrak
lagi, akan dihasilkan morfin. Morfin yang diekstrak lebih
lanjut akan menghasilkan heroin.
Tanaman opium yang berasal dari kawasan pegunung-
an Eropa Tenggara ini sekarang telah menyebar sampai
ke Afganistan dan “segitiga emas” perbatasan Myanmar,
Thailand, dan Laos.
Menurut Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Afganistan saat ini
merupakan penghasil opium terbesar di dunia dengan
87%. Laos juga merupakan salah satu penghasil terbe-
sar.
Di Indonesia, bunga poppy yang tidak menghasilkan nar-
kotik banyak ditanam di kawasan pegunungan seperti Ci-
panas, Bandungan, Batu, dan Ijen.
2 Lihat pula
• Ganja
• Kokain
• Morfin
1
2 3 REFERENSI DAN PRANALA LUAR
• Heroin
• Sabu-sabu
• Narkoba
• Rokok
3 Referensi dan pranala luar
• (Indonesia) F. Rahardi, Ganja, Opium, dan Koka,
Kolom Bahasa KOMPAS, 7 Mei 2005
• National Institute on Drug Abuse: Heroin dan rela-
ted topik
• Iowa Substance Abuse Information Center: Heroin
and other opiates
• DEA drug information: Opium, morphine, and he-
roin
• Erowid: Opiates / Opioids
• Hall of Opium Virtual museum (Macromedia Flash
presentation)
• Opium Museum: Opium paraphernalia and histori-
cal photos of opium smokers
• The New Yorker Magazine: photos of Opium pro-
duction and eradication in Afghanistan
• Opium Made Easy by Michael Pollan (originally ap-
peared in Harper’s.)
• Confessions of a Poppy Tea addict
• Geopium: Opium politics, geography, and photos
(site mostly in (Perancis))
• Opium in India
• From Flowers to Heroin, CIA publication
• BLTC Research: Speculations on the future of opi-
oids
• Thailex photo: Traditional method of using opium
in Thailand
• Aaron Huey, photographer: Photo Essay on Poppy
Eradication in Afghanistan
• Israel’s Dr. Wash claims to cure opiate addiction in
36 hours
• Tsur Shezaf, Witer, The Opium Growers of Sinai
3
4 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
4.1 Text
• Opium Source: http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium?oldid=8510365 Contributors: Hayabusa future, *drew, Bennylin, Kisti, Quistnix,
Kembangraps, RobotQuistnix, Chobot, Zwobot, YurikBot, Borgxbot, Hariadhi, Thijs!bot, JAnDbot, Mimihitam, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT,
Loveless, SieBot, AlleborgoBot, DragonBot, Alexbot, Darkicebot, Hysocc, SilvonenBot, Luckas-bot, Ptbotgourou, Xqbot, Ennio morrico-
ne, Rubinbot, Masrudin, FoxBot, Humboldt, TjBot, Kenrick95Bot, EmausBot, MerlIwBot, AvicBot, Pai Walisongo, AvocatoBot, Rotlink,
Kumara.jati1982, Handoko.j dan Anonymous: 2
4.2 Images
• Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Twee_mannen_en_een_vrouw_die_opium_roken_TMnr_3728-760.jpg Sour-
ce: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Twee_mannen_en_een_vrouw_
die_opium_roken_TMnr_3728-760.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Tropenmuseum <a href='//commons.wikimedia.
org/wiki/Institution:Tropenmuseum' title='Link back to Institution infobox template'><img alt='Link back to Institution info-
box template' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png' width='15'
height='15' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/23px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/30px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='600' data-
file-height='600' /></a> <a href='//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131589' title='wikidata:Q1131589'><img alt='wikidata:Q1131589'
src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' hei-
ght='11' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='1050'
data-file-height='590' /></a> Original artist: A. (Auguste) Van Pers (Tekenaar).
• Berkas:Field_of_opium.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Field_of_opium.jpg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• Berkas:Harvesting_opium.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Harvesting_opium.jpg License: Public
domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
4.3 Content license
• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

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Opium

  • 1. Opium Tiga pecandu pada masa Hindia Belanda (litografi berdasarkan gambar oleh Auguste van Pers, 1854) Opium Opium, apiun, atau candu (slang Bahasa Inggris: pop- py) adalah getah bahan baku narkotika yang diperoleh da- ri buah candu (Papaver somniferum L. atau P. paeoniflo- rum) yang belum matang. Opium merupakan tanaman semusim yang hanya bisa di- budidayakan di pegunungan kawasan subtropis. Tinggi tanaman hanya sekitar satu meter. Daunnya jorong de- ngan tepi bergerigi. Bunga opium bertangkai panjang dan keluar dari ujung ranting. Satu tangkai hanya ter- diri dari satu bunga dengan kuntum bermahkota putih, ungu, dengan pangkal putih serta merah cerah. Bunga opium sangat indah hingga beberapa spesies Papaver la- zim dijadikan tanaman hias. Buah opium berupa bulatan sebesar bola pingpong bewarna hijau. Istilah untuk candu yang telah dimasak dan siap untuk dihisap adalah madat. Istilah ini banyak digunakan di kalangan para penggunanya bukan hanya sebagai kata nomina tapi juga kata kerja. 1 Produksi Buah opium yang dilukai dengan pisau sadap akan meng- eluarkan getah kental berwarna putih. Setelah kering dan berubah warna menjadi cokelat, getah ini dipungut dan dipasarkan sebagai opium mentah. Opium mentah ini bisa diproses secara sederhana hingga menjadi candu siap konsumsi. Kalau getah ini diekstrak lagi, akan dihasilkan morfin. Morfin yang diekstrak lebih lanjut akan menghasilkan heroin. Tanaman opium yang berasal dari kawasan pegunung- an Eropa Tenggara ini sekarang telah menyebar sampai ke Afganistan dan “segitiga emas” perbatasan Myanmar, Thailand, dan Laos. Menurut Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Afganistan saat ini merupakan penghasil opium terbesar di dunia dengan 87%. Laos juga merupakan salah satu penghasil terbe- sar. Di Indonesia, bunga poppy yang tidak menghasilkan nar- kotik banyak ditanam di kawasan pegunungan seperti Ci- panas, Bandungan, Batu, dan Ijen. 2 Lihat pula • Ganja • Kokain • Morfin 1
  • 2. 2 3 REFERENSI DAN PRANALA LUAR • Heroin • Sabu-sabu • Narkoba • Rokok 3 Referensi dan pranala luar • (Indonesia) F. Rahardi, Ganja, Opium, dan Koka, Kolom Bahasa KOMPAS, 7 Mei 2005 • National Institute on Drug Abuse: Heroin dan rela- ted topik • Iowa Substance Abuse Information Center: Heroin and other opiates • DEA drug information: Opium, morphine, and he- roin • Erowid: Opiates / Opioids • Hall of Opium Virtual museum (Macromedia Flash presentation) • Opium Museum: Opium paraphernalia and histori- cal photos of opium smokers • The New Yorker Magazine: photos of Opium pro- duction and eradication in Afghanistan • Opium Made Easy by Michael Pollan (originally ap- peared in Harper’s.) • Confessions of a Poppy Tea addict • Geopium: Opium politics, geography, and photos (site mostly in (Perancis)) • Opium in India • From Flowers to Heroin, CIA publication • BLTC Research: Speculations on the future of opi- oids • Thailex photo: Traditional method of using opium in Thailand • Aaron Huey, photographer: Photo Essay on Poppy Eradication in Afghanistan • Israel’s Dr. Wash claims to cure opiate addiction in 36 hours • Tsur Shezaf, Witer, The Opium Growers of Sinai
  • 3. 3 4 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 4.1 Text • Opium Source: http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium?oldid=8510365 Contributors: Hayabusa future, *drew, Bennylin, Kisti, Quistnix, Kembangraps, RobotQuistnix, Chobot, Zwobot, YurikBot, Borgxbot, Hariadhi, Thijs!bot, JAnDbot, Mimihitam, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, Loveless, SieBot, AlleborgoBot, DragonBot, Alexbot, Darkicebot, Hysocc, SilvonenBot, Luckas-bot, Ptbotgourou, Xqbot, Ennio morrico- ne, Rubinbot, Masrudin, FoxBot, Humboldt, TjBot, Kenrick95Bot, EmausBot, MerlIwBot, AvicBot, Pai Walisongo, AvocatoBot, Rotlink, Kumara.jati1982, Handoko.j dan Anonymous: 2 4.2 Images • Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Twee_mannen_en_een_vrouw_die_opium_roken_TMnr_3728-760.jpg Sour- ce: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Twee_mannen_en_een_vrouw_ die_opium_roken_TMnr_3728-760.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Tropenmuseum <a href='//commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/Institution:Tropenmuseum' title='Link back to Institution infobox template'><img alt='Link back to Institution info- box template' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png' width='15' height='15' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/23px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/30px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='600' data- file-height='600' /></a> <a href='//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131589' title='wikidata:Q1131589'><img alt='wikidata:Q1131589' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' hei- ght='11' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='1050' data-file-height='590' /></a> Original artist: A. (Auguste) Van Pers (Tekenaar). • Berkas:Field_of_opium.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Field_of_opium.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • Berkas:Harvesting_opium.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Harvesting_opium.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? 4.3 Content license • Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0