Class 7 - Virtual env and Cloud.pdf

Oracle Licensing in Virtual
env. & Cloud Licensing
w w w . r e d r e s s c o m p l i a n c e . c o m

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host host host host
Virtualization: the simple explanation
1
Virtualization is about emulating compute systems
Fast provisioning
Hypervisor: creates and runs virtual machines
Pooling of HW resources & live migration
hypervisor hypervisor
BENEFITS
2
3
4
VM VM VM VM VM VM
HW utilization
Easier management
Downtime
Example: Virtualized pool of servers

Virtualization: Hyper-Converged Infrastructure
We are moving away from HW defined systems
into a software defined infrastructure…
In other words, everything is
getting virtualized!

Oracle do not use virtualization in their
licensing guidelines!
Focus is on control of HW resources

Virtualization and Oracle licensing
Oracle differentiates between: Soft and hard partitioning
(source: https://www.oracle.com/assets/partitioning-070609.pdf)
SOFT PARTITIONING = Allocation of processor resources is managed at an OS (software) level.
Examples of soft partitioning technologies:
**special guidelines apply to allow to be considered as hard partitioning technology.
Solaris 9 Resource Containers
AIX Workload Manager
HP Process Resource Manager
Affinity Management
Oracle VM**
VMware Hyper-V

Examples of Hard partitioning technologies
Only Hard partitioning allow for sub-capacity licensing
Physical
Domains
Solaris Zones
IBM’s Micro-Partitions, vPar, nPar,
Integrity Virtual Machine, Secure
Resource Partitions
IBM’s
LPAR
Fujitsu’s
PPAR
Engineered systems: Oracle trusted partitions with Oracle VM
or Oracle Linux KVM
HARD PARTITIONING = Allocation of processor resources is managed at a Hardware level.
Each pool of resources is physically separated and self-constrained.

The partitioning policies ARE NOT
referenced in your contracts!
They are only described in external documents on
Oracle’s website, which are updated without
notification and only referenced for educational
purposes only!
Your Oracle processor definition is not a cluster
based definition, it only says you need to license
where Oracle executables are installed and/or
running.
Oracle will still hold you accountable under the partitioning license policies, although the Oracle
audit team will have a hard time explaining exactly how they calculate the number of licenses.

Questions
Oracle audit team will ask you to license all
servers in the virtualized cluster
Because it defines that licensing is tied to
where Oracle is installed and/or running,
which is not necessarily the case in
virtualized environments
Why is Oracle’s processor
definition a challenge when
considering virtualized
environments from a licensing
perspective?
A
B

ANSWER IS B: Oracle Processer definition is not
well defined when considering virtualization
technologies.
External non-contractual licensing policies are not
helping!

Oracle on VMware
There is no official Oracle document explaining
how to license Oracle on different version of
VMware.
Oracle licensing practices is based on different
versions of VMware’s ability to move workloads
between clusters of servers, storage and even
vCenters in different locations.
VMware 5.0: Oracle workloads can be live migrated
across clusters within the same vCenter. However,
this is limited to clusters sharing the same storage =
All servers within a cluster + servers within the
vCenter sharing the same storage needs licensing
across all clusters within the same vCenter = full
vCenter needs licensing
across all clusters, across all vCenters
5.0
5.1
6.0
Oracle classifies VMware as a
SOFT PARTITIONING SOFTWARE
= no sub-capacity licensing

Moving from 1 cluster within a vCenter, to all clusters
within a vCenter, and then all the clusters across all your
vCenters
“ABC”
vCenter 5.0
x
“ABC”
vCenter 5.1
x “GHI”
vCenter 6.x
“DEF”
vCenter 6.x
“ABC”
vCenter 6.x
x

Questions
I have to license all the servers within the
vCenter
I have to license all the servers across all
vCenters
You have upgraded your use of
VMware to version 6.5.
What are the potential license
implications when running
Oracle Database EE workloads?
A
B

ANSWER: You have to license
ALL THE SERVERS across all vCenters

Questions
I need to license all vCenters
I ”only” have to license 1 cluster of servers
within the remote vCenter
You are running 3 vCenters: 2
centers in the same location, 1
center is 100 miles away in
another datacenter, which is also
where you have Oracle deployed.
Remote vCenter is running on
version 5.0, all others are 6.x
What do you need to license?
A
B

ANSWER IS B: You “only” have to license
the local cluster of servers in vCenter 5.0
“ABC”
vCenter 5.0
x
Limited to: All servers within a cluster +
servers within the vCenter sharing the
same storage needs licensing

Oracle licensing and MS Hyper-V
Oracle does not include MS Hyper-V as a HARD
PARTITIONING SOFTWARE = no sub-capacity licensing
Example: MS Hyper-V Cluster Set
Live Migrations
Failover Clustering
Functionality: MS Hyper-V Cluster Set
PROBLEMS AHEAD!
cluster set: a loosely-coupled grouping of multiple failover clusters: compute,
storage and hyper-converged. With cluster sets, you can move online virtual
machines (live migrate) between clusters within the cluster set.

To calculate the license need for Processor:
Licensing scenario.
You need to license Oracle database Enterprise Edition.
Example: 4 servers with 2 x intel Xeon 8 cores processors
Formula: (# servers) x (# of processor) x
(# of cores) x (core factor) = # Oracle processor licenses
Find processor
in Oracle core
factor table
Take core factor X
number of physical
cores on server for all
servers in the cluster
Answer: 4 x 2 x 8 x 0.5 = 32 Oracle Processor licenses
Question: How many clusters or nodes can be a
part of a single cluster set?
Answer: In Windows Server 2019, cluster sets been tested and
supported up to 64 total cluster nodes. However, cluster sets architecture
scales to much larger limits and is not something that is hardcoded for a limit.
Please let Microsoft know if larger scale is critical to you and how you plan to
use it.

Licensing scenario.
You need to license Oracle database Enterprise Edition.
Example: 4 servers with 2 x intel Xeon 8 cores processors
Formula: (# servers) x (# of processor) x
(# of cores) x (core factor) = # Oracle processor licenses
Find processor
in Oracle core
factor table
Take core factor X
number of physical
cores on server for all
servers in the cluster
Answer: 4 x 2 x 8 x 0.5 = 32 Oracle Processor licenses
Now deploy on Hyper-V
Real use
License need
Answer: 4 x 4 x 2 x 8 x 0.5 = 128 Oracle Processor licenses
Real use
License need

Questions
MS Azure is an Oracle approved cloud
provider, so you can migrate Oracle
workload while maintaining your Azure
subscription
Oracle workloads on your onprem hyper-v
will require you to license all servers in the
cluster even if Azure is Oracle approved
What happens if you migrate
Oracle DB from Azure to your
onprem datacenter running
Hyper-V ?
A
B

ANSWER IS B: You need to license all
servers in the Hyper-V cluster

Oracle licensing and IBM LPAR
You still need to license all available physical resources, but
with IBM’s virtualization there is much more advanced controls
such as Dedicated LPAR, Micro-Partitioning, Virtual
processor, Entitlements, Capped vs non-Capped and Live
Partitioning Mobility.
PROBLEMS AHEAD!
Servers can have many different processor pools = LPARS
can potentially live migrate between different pools.
Oracle classifies IBM LPAR as a hard partitioning =
sub-capacity licensing if configured right!
Note that:
LPAR must be capped
Live partitioning mobility must be disabled
TurboCore is not allowed
Dedicated LPAR: Count total
number of virtual processor (virtual
processor = physical core)
Micro-partitioned LPAR: Count
entitled capacity
LPAR

LPAR Terminology
1. Frame: Physical Server
2. LPAR (Logical Partitioning): Virtual Machine
3. Dedicated LPAR: LPAR based on dedicated cores
4. Micro Partition: LPAR based on shared processor resources
5. Virtual Processor: A physical core
6. Entitlement: CPU resources assigned to LPAR
7. Capped: LPAR cannot exceed the the assigned resources
8. Live Partition Mobility: Live Migration Functionality
9. Processor Pool: Pool of processors (subcapacity)

PROBLEMS AHEAD!
Terminology: There is a difference in terminology
between IBM and Oracle when referring to Capped
and Uncapped.
All LPARs are considered capped! The difference is
that Capped LPARs are capped at the Entitled Capacity
level, while Uncapped LPARs are capped at the Virtual
CPU level.

Dedicated LPARs
LPAR1
Oracle DB
LPAR2
Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CPU cores
SUM the number of entitled capacity for LPAR running Oracle
Answer: 6 cores x 1.0 (core factor) = 6 Processors

Shared Processor Pool
LPAR1
Oracle DB
Mode: Capped
Virtual CPUs= 5
Entitled Capacity = 2
LPAR2
Oracle DB
Mode: Uncapped
Virtual CPUs = 3
Entitled Capacity = 2
LPAR3
Other
LPAR4
Other
Processor Pool
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CPU cores
1. SUM the Entitled Capacity for each capped LPAR running Oracle
2. SUM the Virtual CPUs for each uncapped LPAR running Oracle
3. Compare (capped + uncapped) to Processor Pool and license lowest #
Answer: (2 + 3) vs (6 from Processor Pool) = 5 x 1.0 (core factor) = 5 Processors

Shared Processor Pool: Micro Partitioning
LPAR1
Oracle DB
Mode: Capped
Virtual CPUs= 5
Entitled Capacity = 1.6
LPAR2
Oracle DB
Mode: Uncapped
Virtual CPUs = 2
Entitled Capacity = 1.2
LPAR3
Other
LPAR4
Other
Processor Pool
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CPU cores
Answer: (1.6 + 2) vs (6 from Processor Pool) = 4 (rounded up) x 1.0 (core factor)
= 4 Processors

Questions
You apply the ratio change to the processor
pool to the license need. If you double the
pool, you double the license need!
If all other setting remains the same
(capped, virtual cpu and entitlement), you
just use the same calculation
What happens if you make
changes to the processor pool
from where resources are
allocated to each LPAR?
How do you calculate licenses?
A
B

ANSWER IS B: You used the same calculation:

Questions
This is not allowed as per Oracle hard
Partitioning Policies
If all other setting remains the same
(capped, virtual cpu and entitlement), you
just use the same calculation for each pool
What happens if you share a
pool within a pool from where
resources are allocated to each
LPAR?
How do you calculate licenses?
A
B

ANSWER IS B: You used the same calculation for
each Pool:

Oracle Cloud policy
document
Can be found here: https://www.oracle.com/assets/cloud-licensing-070579.pdf

Which cloud providers does it cover?
!

How to license Oracle in AWS and how to license
Oracle in MS Azure.
!

Exercise
If you want to license Oracle Database
Enterprise on a AWS instance with 4
vCPUs and hyperthreading IS enabled.
How many licenses are required?
Answer:
A. 4 Oracle Database Enterprise Edition Processor
licenses
?
?
?
B. 2 Oracle Database Enterprise Edition Processor
licenses.

Exercise
If you want to license Oracle Database
Enterprise on a AWS instance with 4
vCPUs and hyperthreading IS NOT
enabled. How many licenses are
required?
Answer:
A. 4 Oracle Database Enterprise Edition Processor
licenses
?
?
?
B. 2 Oracle Database Enterprise Edition
Processor licenses.

Licensing Oracle SE1, SE2 or SE the pricing is
based on the size of the instance. (# vCPUs)
What this means:
• If there 4 or less vCPUs in
AWS or Azure it is
counted as 1 CPU socket.
• Every 4 vCPU is counted
as a processor license.
• For example if you have
SE2 running on AWS or
Azure with 6 vCPUs you
need to allocate 2
processor licenses.

Exercise
If you are licensing an Oracle DB SE2 in
AWS and you have 8 vCPUs how many
licenses do you need?
Answer:
A. 4xCPU licenses of DB SE2
?
?
?
B. 2xCPU licenses of DB SE2

Licensing Limitations:
What this means:
• You may only license SE2
versions on AWS or Azure
instance with max 16 vCPUs.
• You may only license SE1 and
SE on AWS or Azure instance
with max 8 vCPUs
• If licensing with NUP SE2 you
require 10 NUPs per
AWS/Azure instance. For
example 16 vCPUs would
require minimum 20 NUPs.
(twice the amount vs on
premise)

Exercise
If you are licensing an Oracle DB SE2 in
AWS and you have 10 vCPUs how many
licenses do you need?
Answer:
A. 3xCPU licenses of DB SE2
?
?
?
B. 5x CPU licenses of EE DB

Caution/Consideration
!
Oracle
licensing
policy is not
contractual.
It mentions that
it is only
educational
purposes and
provide
guidelines since
2021 January.
The
licensing
policy may
change
without
notice.

What is Oracle BYOL?
BYOL is activated when you create the Oracle Cloud
instance. (a different price/rate will be applied)
• You can use existing on premise licenses on Oracle Cloud Platforms.
• On premise licenses must be under “ACTIVE SUPPORT”
• Generally the rule is that 1 On premise license (processor) counts as 2
OCPUS, but it
can differ, this will be shown when you create a new Oracle cloud instance and
choose BYOL.
• Can be applied to both PaaS and OCI.
BYOL
Pay attention: The same license
terms apply to the cloud as on
premise. (limitations…)
What is not applicable to BYOL
* Nonstandard licensing models
* Embedded licenses

When licensing products that have
Standard Edition One, Standard Edition or Standard
Edition, each processor license covers #4 OCPUs.
When licensing products that have
Enterprise Licensing (cores) each on premise
license covers #2 OCPUs.
How to use Oracle licenses (BYOL) to Oracle
Cloud?
https://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/contracts/processor-core-factor-table-070634.pdf

Exercise
You own 3 CPU of Oracle DB SE2 and
want to bring them to Oracle Cloud
(BYOL) how many OCPUs will you get?
Answer:
A. I will have 3 OCPUs in Oracle Cloud.
?
?
?
B. I will have 12 OCPUs in Oracle Cloud.

Exercise
You own 6 Oracle DB EE CPU and want to
bring it to Oracle Cloud (BYOL) how
many OCPUs will you get?
Answer:
A. I will have 24 OCPUs. In Oracle Cloud
?
?
?
B. I will have 12 OCPUs in Oracle Cloud.

Where to find the BYOL/Mappings?
https://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/contracts/paas-iaas-universal-credits-3940775.pdf
Example BYOL
Goldengate licenses on premise and
want to use for BYOL? (page 16)

Oracle - > End customer Contracts
Oracle
Ordering
Document Cloud
Services
Agreement
(CSA)
Data
Processing
Agreement /
Policies

Oracle Cloud agreements
https://legistarweb-
production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/18
6131/Final_Oracle_signed.pdf

GO LIVE
Misalignment
You sign a 4-year cloud agreement
Your cloud contract:
roll-out
phase
2021
1m euro
a year
2022
1m euro
a year
2023
1m euro
a year
2024
1m euro
a year
YOUR REAL CLOUD CONSUMPTION
2021 2022 2023
Impact: You wasted 1m euro or 25% of your cloud contract.
What you should do: Negotiate a roll-out phase > so that your
commitment/spend is aligned with your roll-out/go live.
LIVE
2024
WASTE

rebundles
cloud
Price protection
1) Pricehold only valid if you maintain/renew the same
volume + more.
2) Oracle can/rebundle/rename their cloud services to
something else.
Impact: Your price protection clause may have little value
when you are renewing
What you should do: Possibly sign different cloud
agreements, smaller cloud expansions.
Try negotiate contract language if Oracle stop selling your old cloud service,
you have the right to use new cloud service at the original price.

payment
pause for
transition
Impact: Migration to cloud, very costly.
What you should do: Try to negotiate
with Oracle so that you do not have to pay
on premise support for 1 year while you
transition to Oracle cloud.
Double costs
You are transitioning to Oracle Cloud, but
you must pay maintenance for on premise
support and the new cloud service

Class 7 - Virtual env and Cloud.pdf

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