This is about electrical services in a building

1. ELECTRICAL SERVICES
SUBMITTED BY:- AMAN SINGH PANWAR
ROLL NO:- 21BARCH0008
YEAR/ SEM :-3RD YEAR/ 5TH SEM
DEV BHOOMI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND DESIGN

2. CONTEXT
• DEFINITIONS
• WIRES
• ALTERNATING CURRENT
• DIRECT CURRENT
• POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORK
• SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM
• THREE PHASE SYSTEM
• EARTHING
• APPLIENCIES
• INDIAN ELECTICITY ACTS

3. • ELECTRIC CHARGE
It is a fundamental property of subatomic particles that gives rise to the phenomenon of experiencing force in
the presence of electric and magnetic fields. These fields exert influence on charged particles, resulting in
observable effects.
• ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electric Current is the rate of flow of electrons in a conductor. The SI Unit is Ampere.
• CONDUCTANCE
is defined as the potential for a substance to conduct electricity Conductance is the measure of
how easily electrical current can pass through a material. It is the inverse of electrical resistance,
represented as 1/R.
• RESISTANCE
Resistance is the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current.
Resistance Formula is R = V/I
• RESISTIVITY
is a property that describes the extent to which a material opposes the flow of electric
current through it.
• CONDUCTIVITY
the measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass through a material. A
conductor is a material which gives very little resistance to the flow of an electric current or
thermal energy.

4. • CONDUCTOR
is a substance or material that allows electricity to flow through it. In a
conductor, electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or ions, move easily from
atom to atom when voltage is applied.
• INSULATOR
is a material which does not easily allow heat and/or electricity to pass
through it. Plastic, wood, rubber and glass are examples of good insulators.
• SEMICONDUCTOR
a material which has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a
conductor, such as copper, and an insulator, such as glass. Its resistivity falls as
its temperature rises; metals behave in the opposite way.

5. Wires are pieces of metal that transport electricity. They are usually flexible which makes them
easier to use.
Wire
Wires transmitting electricity at high voltage or
potential are called high tension wires.
Two characteristics of these wires are :
(i) They possess low resistances (large surface area).
(ii) They are non-corrosive.
It is made by twisting together a number of thin wires
insulated from each other so as to provide a large
surface area to radiate the heat produced more readily
as compared to single thick wire.
A low tension line can be considered as the line
that has an operating voltage till 1000 volt which
is 1Kv. This is the 230V and 440V in our
household so it is the local distribution line.
Through the low tension or low voltage line we
are receiving power to our home. Low tension
lines are more susceptible to faults because it is
connected to the loads.
HIGH TENSION WIRE
LOW TENSION WIRE

6. • WHEN THE CURRENT VARIES IN THE DIRECTION ANDMANGNITUDE
PERIODICALLY IT IS CALLED AS DIRECT CURRENT IT IS THE MOVEMENT OF
ELECTRIC CHARGESPERIODICALLY IN REVERSE DIRECTION.
• EACH COMPLETE CYCLE CONSISTS OF TWO HALF CYCLES IN OPPOSITE
DIRECTION I.E. ONE IN POSITIVEAND OTHER IN NEGATIVE.
• AMPLITUDE: MAIN VALUE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVEHALF OF A.C
WAVE.
• PERIODIC TIME: TIME TAKEN BY A.C TO COMPLETEONE CYCLETE. 360
ROTATION.
• FREQUENCY: THE NUMBER OF CYCLES COMPLETED IN ONE SECOND.IT IS
DENOTED BY F.
ALTERNATING CURRENT

7. • IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIRECT CURRENT FLOWS CONTINOUSLY IN ONE
DIRECTION ONLY.
• VOLTAGE AND CIRCUIT RESISTANCE ARE KEPT CONSTANT
• MAGNITUTE OF CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE CIRCUIT REMAINS
CONSTANT.
• PROVIDES 1.5V.-
• DIRECT CURRENT IS UNIDIRECTIONAL
• DIRECT CURRENT IS PROVIDED BY SOURCES SUCH AS BATTERIES, THEROCOUPLES,
SOLAR CELLS, ETC.
• ELECTRICAL CHARGES FLOWS IN CONSTANT DIRECTION. –
• EXAMPLES OF DIRECT CURRENT INCLUDES CELL PHONES, FLAT SCREEN TV'S,
FLASHLIGHTS, ELECTRICAL VEHICLES
• DIRECT CURRENT LOOKS LIKE A FLAT LINE WHEREAS ALTERNATING CURRENT
LOOKS LIKE A WAVE.
• INDIRECT CURRENT BATTERIES HAVE A POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TERMINAL AND
ELECTRICAL CHARGES MOVEIN ONLY ONE DIRECTION FOR A STEADY RATE
DIRECT CURRENT

8. POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORK

9. SINGLE PHASE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
• IT IS A 2 WIRE (LIVE WIRE AND NEUTRAL WIRE) SYSTEM WITH VOLTAGE
RANGING FROM (220V TO 240V)
• STANDARD VOLTAGE SINGLE PHASE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM IS 230V>
• POWER FLOWS FROM POWER CONDUCTOR THROUGH THE LOAD TO NEUTRAL
• CONDUCTOR SINGLE PHASE DISTRIBUTION IS USED WHEN LOADS ARE
MOSTLY LIGHTING AND HEATING.
• EG-USED FOR HOUSES AND SIMILAR PROPERTIES. SINGLE PHASE POWER
SUPPLY HAS CONDUCTOR WHICH HAVE A SINE WAVE TAT IS 180 APART.
• SINGLE PHASE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM CAN HANDLE UPTO 7.5 KW 1.E. 7500
VOLTS.
THREE PHASE (4 WIRE) POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
• ITS VOLTAGE RANGES FROM 440V TO 400V>
• 4 CORE CABLES WITH 3 PHASE WIRE AND ONE NEUTRAL
• 3 PHASE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM HAVE AT LEAST 3 CONDUCTORS
CARRYING ALTERNATING CURRENT.
• 230V BETWEEN THE NEUTRAL AND ANY ONE OF THE PHASE AND 415V
ACROSSANY TWO PHASES.
• 3 PHASE CONNECTIONS CAN HANDLE HEAVY LOAD ABOVE 7.5KW
(7500VOLTS)
• 3 PHASE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM IS MORE EFFICIENT AND USED IN
INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE

10. Earthing is defined as “the process in which the instantaneous discharge of the electrical energy
takes place by transferring charges directly to the earth through low resistance wire.”
Low resistance earthing wire is chosen to provide the least resistance path for leakage of fault
current.
Types of Earthing
There are three types of earthing, they are:
•Pipe earthing
•Plate earthing
•Strip earthing
Advantages of Earthing
1.Earthing is the safe and the best method of offering safety. We know that the earth’s potential is
zero and is treated as Neutral. Since low equipment is connected to earth using low resistance
wire, balancing is achieved.
2.Metal can be used in electrical installations without looking for its conductivity, proper
earthing ensures that metal does not transfer current.
3.A sudden surge in voltage or overload does not harm the device and person if proper earthing
measures are done.
4.It prevents the risk of fire hazards that could otherwise be caused by the current leakage.
Earthing

11. Pipe earthing is the best and
most efficient way of earthing
and is also easily affordable. Pipe
earthing uses 38mm diametre
and 2 metres length pipe
vertically embedded in the
ground to work as earth
electrodes
PIPE EARTHING

12. In plate earthing, an earthing plate
made of copper or G.I. is buried
into the ground at a depth more
than 3 metres from the ground
level. This earthing plate is
embedded in an alternative layer of
coke and salts
PLATE EARTHING

13. Strip earthing is used in
transmission processes. Strip
electrodes of cross section not
less than 25mm X 1.6mm of
copper or 25 mm X 4mm of
G.I. or steel are buried in
horizontal trenches of a
minimum depth of 0.5m
STRIP EARTHING

14. APPLIANCES

15. MCB stands for Miniature Circuit
Breaker. It automatically switches
OFF electrical circuit during any
abnormal condition in the electrical
network such as overload & short
circuit conditions
An electrical fuse is a safety device that
operates to provide protection against the
overflow of current in an electrical circuit.
An important component of an electrical
fuse is a metal wire or strip that melts when
excess current flows through it.
MCB
ELECTRICAL FUSE

16. INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACTS

17. THANK YOU