Acute viral Hepatitis

1. ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS
•CLINICAL PRESENTATION.
•DIGNOSIS.
•EPEDEMOLOGY OF VIRAL
HEPATITIS INFECTION A,B,C
•MANAGEMENT.

2. What is viral hepatitis?
Viral Hepatitis is an infection that causes
inflammation of the liver. The inflammatory
process can be self limiting, or can progress
to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver
cancer.

4. Diagnosis of hepatitis
• Patient history
• Physical examination
• Liver function tests
• Serologic tests

5. Symptoms

6. Signs
• Icteric phase::
1. Enlarged liver
2. Tender upper quadrant
3. Discomfort
4. Splenomegaly (10-20%)
5. General adenopathy
• Post-icteric phase

7. Lab Findings
1. L FT increase >5-10 times of normal
2. Markers of hepatitis B or C or A/E might be
positive

8. Pathological findings
1. Pan lobular infiltration with mononuclear
cells
2. Hepatic cell necrosis
3. Reticulum framework are intact

9. DD:
1. Infectious Mononucleosis
2. Drug Induced Hepatitis
3. Chronic Hepatitis.
4. Alcohol Hepatitis
5. Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis

10. Complications
1.Chronic hepatitis 🡪 cirrhosis- HCC
2.Fulmnant hepatitis

11. FULMINANT HEPATITIS
• Definition: Hepatic Failure Within 8 Weeks
Of Onset Of Illness.
• Manifestation: Encephalopathy and
Prolonged PT
• Histopathology: Massive Hepatic Necrosis.

13. HBV infection
• Factors affecting transmission ability
1.Replicative status
- HBeAg
- high HBVDNA
2.Route of infection
- percutanouse
- Transmucosal
3. Exposure frequency : Single vs. Multiple
4. Inoculums size : transfusion vs. needle stick

14. Hepatitis B

15. Hepatitis B serology
• anti-HBc→ exposure (IgM = acute)
• HBsAg → infection (carrier)
• anti-HBs → immunity
• HBeAg → viral replication
• anti-HBe → seroconversion
• HBV-DNA → viral replication

18. HCV INFECTION

24. Prevention Of HCV Transmission
• Avoiding shared use of Razors or brushes
and any item that pierces the skin.
• Strict adherence of the universal
precautions in health facilities.
• Educating and training of HCW’s to the
proper use of standard precautions
• Folk medicine?!

25. HAV INFECTION

32. Hepatitis e