The Fundamental Law of the Universe: Give and Receive book 1 chap 7

The Principles of Nature
and its ethical implications

1. Universality of reciprocal interactions
2. Physical fields, circular motion and spherical
shape
3. Different types of circular movements
4. Purpose of the circular movements
5. Cooperation or conflict?
CHAPTER 7 THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF THE UNIVERSE:
GIVE AND RECEIVE

In this chapter, we will expound
and try to demonstrate the validity
of this principle of the universality
of reciprocal interactions, or law of
giving and receiving.
This principle is one of the
essential assumptions of Sun
Myung Moon's philosophical
thinking, as is clear from many of
his lectures and Unification
Thought.
INTRODUCTION
At the end of the chapter, we will study
some of the objections to the vision
derived from this principle, namely, a
universe full of harmonious reciprocal
cooperative interactions.
These objections point out that in nature
and human society there are also many
conflicting and destructive aspects that
seem to contradict this too optimistic and
conciliatory view of the universe.

«What is the heavenly law of the universe? What is
the law of existence? It is giving and receiving.»
Sun Myung Moon, Speech Collection Books, Seoul, HSA-UWC, 157:266, (April
10, 1967).
«When all beings in the whole universe, with subject
and object partners well adjusted to each other, are
linked to one another in harmony for a common
purpose, there is completion and perfection.
The universe is a balanced whole composed of
reciprocal relationships, large and small. Without
reciprocal relationships, nothing can exist. Anything
that ceases to relate becomes extinct.»
Sun Myung Moon, Speech Collection Books, Seoul, HSA-UWC, 391:174,
(August 21, 2002).
UNIVERSALITY OF THE
RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS
Despite being a principle in
many of its aspects widely
recognized by all philosophical
and religious traditions, Sun
Myung Moon is the first one that
elevates it to a cosmic and
universal dimension.
It may be said, then, that it is
one of his great discoveries which
forms an essential part of his
philosophical thought, as
reflected in UnificationThought
and many of his lectures.

 All beings and things exist and multiply through reciprocal
interactions
 There is no joy or happiness without reciprocal interactions
between humans
 Basic models of reciprocal interaction
 For a reciprocal interaction between two complementary
parts to begin and endure over time, it is imperative that
there be a prior common purpose
 Principle of reciprocal interactions
UNIVERSALITY OF THE RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS

The simplest general principle or universal
law that we might enunciate about nature
would be that of the universality of reciprocal
interactions or reciprocal exchanges between
complementary parts, or the law of give and
receive.
This model of interaction or interchange of
elements between individual entities is
something that is present in the universe from
the level of sub particles to that of galaxies,
passing through all living organisms, including
us and human society.

Give
Receive
Nothing can exist without reciprocal interaction
There can be no movement without reciprocal interactions
Multiplication without reciprocal interactions is not possible
There is no satisfaction, joy or happiness without relations of
reciprocal exchanges between human beings
Subject Object
S O S O
Within each individual entity Among different individual entities

The very existence of the whole universe is based on these
innumerable reciprocal interactions. For the whole building or
structure of the universe is built on the basis of joining or
gluing small units by interactions of forces or exchanges of
elements, thus creating larger units or conglomerates, and
then joining these by the same method, and so on.
We will visualize for a moment all the matter of the
universe, composed of 90% of hydrogen, in the form of an
incalculable number of small hydrogen atoms formed by a
proton and an electron that interact with each other. Now
imagine that, by some strange anomaly, suddenly that
reciprocal relationship between the proton and the electron is
interrupted and both separate. Practically, the whole universe
would vanish, including ourselves.

Despite the extraordinary variety of life forms that
exist in nature, they are all composed of small cells
very similar to each other. Let us also imagine that by
a mysterious curse all the cells decided to stop
relating to each other, or that their nucleus and
cytoplasm stopped interacting. No living being
would survive the catastrophe.
We can do similar mental experiments referring to
any aspect of the universe with the same result.This
is so because all entities are made or constructed of
smaller parts or entities and, therefore, their
existence is based on the interaction between those
parts that compose them.

Nor would there be movement without reciprocal
interactions. In fact, it is the interactions of forces and
the interchanges of elements between entities that
generate movement.
All kinds of movement, change or transformation
occurring in the inanimate world, from the fluctuation
of the electronic cloud in atoms to planetary
movements, are caused by interactions of forces.
The processes of change, growth and development
of living organisms, as well as their capacity for
movement and action, are also based on multiple
interactions within the organism and between the
organism and its environment.
There can be no movement without reciprocal interactions

A particularly illustrative case of what we are talking about
is the phenomenon of multiplication through sexual
differentiation that occurs in a large majority of living beings.
Most animals and humans are divided into male and female
beings who attract each other as two magnetic poles, and who
are endowed with sexual organs that fit perfectly into each
other.
They form pairs of complementary beings that in an evident
way are made for each other, and that through a reciprocal
relationship of exchange of elements generate new lives.
Plants, most of which are not differentiated in genres, also
have male and female organs that enter into a relationship of
exchange of elements in order to produce new seeds.
Multiplication without reciprocal interactions is not possible

Likewise, the human being —like all living
beings— exists, moves and multiplies due to the
multiple relations of reciprocal exchanges that
are established within the body, such as blood
circulation, and with the environment, such as
inhaling or exhaling air.
Not only do we have the vital need to
maintain an exchange of elements with the
environment, but we also have an imperative
need to express ourselves, communicate,
dialogue and have human relationships, which
are essentially exchanges of affections, services,
goods, information and knowledge.
When these circuits or currents of giving
and receiving with other people are fluid,
stable, harmonious and lasting, we will feel
satisfaction or happiness.
If, on the other hand, reciprocal
relationships deteriorate, interrupt or are in
conflict, we will feel pain or sadness. In
solitude you cannot feel joy.
In fact, one of the worst tortures that can
be inflicted to a person is to lock her in a
punishment cell and have her completely
incommunicado for a long period of time.
There is no joy or happiness without reciprocal interactions between
humans

Examples of internal and external giving and receiving actions
Mind
Husbands
Body Mind Body
Wives
Government People
Nations
Stars Planets
Stellar systems
Nucleus Cytoplasm
Cells
Nucleus Electrons
Atoms
Government People
Nations
Sol Planets
Solar system
Nucleus Cytoplasm
Cells
Nucleus Electrons
Atoms
Sun
World
Families
Galaxies
Organisms
Molecules

In spite of the immense variety of interactions and
reciprocal relations that exist in nature —some
totally unconscious, heteronomous or automatic,
such as the interactions of forces that occur in the
physical world, others semi-conscious, instinctive or
partially autonomous, such as those occurring in the
different levels of living organisms, and other
conscious, voluntary and creative such as the human
relations— all respond to the same pattern, scheme
or common principle.
Simply put, the model would be composed of a
pair of complementary entities that establish a give
and take relationship, creating a circuit or flow of
elements between the two parts.
This model could be exemplified
in a very simple way with the proton
and electron forming the hydrogen
atom, with the nucleus and
cytoplasm of the cell, and with a
man and a woman.
The results generated by this
circuit of forces or elements are
cohesion, stability, existence,
movement, change, growth,
development, progress,
multiplication, harmony,
satisfaction and happiness.
Basic model of reciprocal interaction: the relationship of giving and
receiving between a couple of complementary beings

Basic model of reciprocal interaction
OS S O OS

Many scientists or philosophers recognize the
importance of reciprocal interrelationships among
all things but ignore or deny that there is a
common purpose behind them.
However, a relationship of reciprocal exchanges
between various parties or entities cannot be
established or maintained if there is no prior
common purpose.
Not one person enters into a relationship of
exchange with others if they do not have the hope
of acquiring through that relationship a superior
status, a greater value or some mutual benefit.
A common purpose that guarantees
at least a benefit for both parties is a
prerequisite for all types of
relationships established by humans.
No one consciously enters into a
relationship that damages or degrades
their value.
Not a single person marries thinking
that he or she is going to be unhappy.
No one starts a business with their
partners thinking they are going to
become broke.
For a reciprocal interaction between two complementary parts to begin and
endure over time, it is imperative that there be a prior common purpose

Universality of the Common Purpose
Common
Purpose
Object
Cohesion, existence, movement, action,
multiplication, progress and development of all
individual entities, systems and organisms
Subject

PRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS
Principle of the universality of reciprocal interactions (law of
give and receive) between complementary parts within each
individual entity, and between different individual entities —
centered on a common purpose of both parts— that generate
and guarantee cohesion, existence, movement, action,
multiplication, progress and development of all the individual
entities, as well as of the systems and organisms.

 The circular character of the
physical fields
 Everything is in motion: “Panta
rei” (everything flows) of
Heraclitus
 Nothing moves in a straight
line: Einstein's curved space
 The basic form of the universe:
The “Sphere of Being" of
Parmenides
PHYSICAL FIELDS, CIRCULAR MOTION AND SPHERICAL SHAPE

The interaction or reciprocal exchange
between a pair of complementary entities
begins when each part gives something to
the other and receives something in return,
thus generating a current or circular flow of
elements between the two parts. Let us
now see how the general theory of physical
fields fits into this model.
Current scientists try to deduce the
fundamental laws of physics by trying to
unify the four fields of known physical
forces, that is, the gravitational,
electromagnetic, strong and weak fields.
Electromagnetic fields are basically circuits
of forces between positive and negative poles
generated by forces of repulsion and
attraction.These fields, due to this interaction
of attractive and repulsive forces, induce
circular electric currents, and these in turn
generate new electromagnetic fields.
The fields of strong and weak forces
operating at the level of the sub particles are
also based on exchange models, which
explains the wave nature of the particles,
which never move in a straight line but always
in a spiral.
The circular character of the physical fields

The only field that apparently does not fit
with the others is the gravitational field,
which according to classical physical theory is
a field that generates a force of linear
attraction between two bodies. However,
scientists now also consider the fact that the
universe could not have formed in the way it
is formed if there had not been a first force of
expansion.
Thus, it is more logical to suppose that
both the expansive and the contractive force
are part of the gravitational force field, which
would resemble it with the electromagnetic
fields.
For example, stars can maintain
their spherical shape because there
is an interaction or balance
between expansive forces and the
force of gravity that is contractive.
This fits even better with modern
plasma models, which consider
that the universe is furrowed by
gigantic currents of electrified
matter generated by large
electromagnetic fields.
The apparent rectilinear character of the gravitational field

When Newton tried to explain the fact that
the planets revolve around the sun, he
assumed that there had to be an initial
impulse.The same thing happens when you
throw a ball tied to a rope that you hold with
your hand.
He thought that this initial impulse created
a moment or inertia that propelled the planet
to want to leave its orbit in a tangential
direction.And then, that tangential
rectilinear force decomposed into two; a
centrifugal force compensated by the
centripetal force of attraction of gravity, and
a transversal force that was the one that
made the planet revolve.
Initial impulse
Centrifugal
force
Centripetal
force
Force of
revolution

However, assuming that the gravitational
field —like the electromagnetic field—
generates circuits of expansive and attractive
circular forces in its surroundings, instead of
producing only a rectilinear force of
attraction, then it would be easier to explain
the origin of the planetary system, the
creation of the angular momentum and the
circular movement without the necessity of
resorting to an external intervention to the
system, since —just as magnets cause other
smaller magnets to rotate around them—
such a gravitational force field would naturally
generate the circular motion of the planets.
This explanation of the circular motion of
the planets requires that someone or
something outside the system provide the
first initial impulse. Newton and Descartes
thought that it was God who gave that first
impulse and then by inertia the system
continued to move by itself.
Today's scientists —who no longer resort
to this divine intervention— still have many
problems in explaining how that first initial
angular moment originated when they try
to understand the genesis of the planetary
system.
Isaac Asimov, El universo, Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1997,
pp. 137-144.

Therefore, it could be said that all known
physical fields match into the basic model
of an interaction of expansive and
attractive forces.This fits very well into the
general principle of the universality of
reciprocal exchanges of elements, that is, a
giving and receiving relationship between a
couple of complementary entities.
The expansive or centrifugal force —
which is a constructive and creative force—
corresponds to giving, and the attractive or
centripetal force —which is a cohesive,
dissolving or destructive force—
corresponds to receiving.
Both forces are complementary and
their interaction could in some cases
generate static equilibria —such as the
balance of forces that give rise to the
spherical form of the stars— and, in other
cases, dynamic balances such as the
planetary revolution movements around
the sun, and also processes of
transformation or dynamic changes —
with expansive and contractive phases
similar to the beating of a heart— as are
the processes of formation, growth and
destruction of stars or nebulae.
The circular character of physical fields fits with the model of reciprocal
interactions

In fact, it can be said —giving reason to
Heraclitus— that everything that exists is in
continuous movement and that there is
nothing that is in complete rest or absolutely
immobile.
For example, the earth seems motionless
and static, but in reality that apparent
stability and stillness is based on the circular
motion on its own axis and around the sun.
The mountains or stones appear motionless
and static, but on an atomic scale they
vibrate continuously and its apparent
immobility is the result of a tension between
internal forces of repulsion and attraction.
As a general rule, one could say that
everything moves in circles, rotating on
itself, vibrating or cycling. In other words,
the basic model of all movement is
circular motion, so that all other types of
motion are mere transformations of
circular motion.
It is precisely this basic model of
interaction of forces or this circuit of
giving and receiving what creates the
circular movement, which was considered
by the ancient Greek philosophers as the
perfect movement and symbol of eternity.
Everything is in motion: “Panta rei” (everything flows) of Heraclitus

Strictly speaking, nothing moves in a straight
line.The straightness of the beams of light and
the rays of particles is only apparent, as the
photons move in a wave form and the particles
move in a spiral. It has also been shown that light
is curved under the influence of gravitational
fields, which supports Einstein's theory that space
is curved, against the Cartesian paradigm that
established —without explaining it at all— that
the natural movement of matter was the
rectilinear movement.
Einstein asserted that the motion of the
planets was something like rolling a ball along the
curved surface of space, thus retaking Galileo's
earlier idea that the natural inertial movement
was the motion of a ball rolling around the
spherical surface of the earth.
Einstein also ventured the hypothesis that
space and time are not absolute, as Newton
believed, but that they lengthen or shorten
depending on the speed of the observer.
However, he did not explain why space is curved,
or why both, space and time, are relative. One
possible explanation would be that the
interaction of expansive and attractive forces of
gravitational fields not only causes circular
motion but also creates its own space and time.
Thus, it is reasonable that space be curved and
that both space and time are relative concepts
depending on the system in which it is
immersed, the type of reciprocal interactions or
the speed of the circular motion that they
generate, as the theory of relativity presupposes.
Nothing moves in a straight line: Einstein's curved space

An interaction or reciprocal exchange generates a circuit of forces or
elements, and if this circular motion changes plane gives rise to the
spherical shape.This brings us to the consideration that, since no entity can
exist without a interaction between the parts that compose it, the basic
form of all the entities that exist in the universe —giving this time the
reason to Parmenides— is the spherical form, being all other forms mere
transformations or modifications of it.
This is particularly evident by observing that all the constituent elements
of the universe have the globular or spherical form, such as, for example,
atoms, cells, seeds, eggs, embryos, planets, suns and stars. Moreover,
according to the modern theory of the big bang or the old metaphysics of
light, the universe originated from a concentrated point of energy, which
was like a cosmic egg, according to Lamêtrie, or like a sun of radiant
energy, according to Neoplatonic scientists.Then, by an explosion,
outburst or spherical irradiation the universe was created.
The basic form of the universe:The “Sphere of Being" of Parmenides

It can also be observed that globular or rounded forms
predominate in the body of all living organisms, as can be
seen in the form of the head, eyes, trunk and limbs. In fact,
one could say that the great variety of forms of living
beings are the result of modifications or transformations
of the original spherical shape of their stem cells.
Even the rectilinear and angular geometric forms of the
mineral crystals are also the consequence of the spatial
arrangement of the spherical atoms that form their
molecular structures. Similarly, pure geometric forms,
which are used as models for architectural structures or
constructions, are combinations or spatial arrangements
of spherical points or units.
The basic form of the universe:The “Sphere of Being" of Parmenides

Circular movements or regular
and stable cycles that exist in nature
evidently did not appear by accident
or chance. Common sense tells us
that chance can only produce
chaotic, irregular and unstable
movements.
The direct cause of these natural
circular movements is the
interactions of forces or reciprocal
exchanges of elements between
pairs of complementary entities.
Since reciprocal interrelationships
require a common purpose for their
maintenance and continuity, it is
reasonable to think that all these
circular motions and cycles of nature
have an aim.
This aim or goal is, in general, the
existence, stability, cohesion, unity,
harmony, cooperation,
multiplication, progress and
development of natural systems.
Aim of the circular movements

COMMON
PURPOSE
AIM
(Stability, Cohesion,
Cooperation, Progress)
Union of the parts into a
harmonious whole
Peaceful and harmonious
union of all human beings and
nature through reciprocal
exchanges of love,
knowledge, goods and
services
Aim of the circular movements

1. Circular movements in which one of
the parts occupies the central position
and the other rotates around it
2. Circular vibrational movements
through links between parts holding a
fixed position
3. Circular movements in the form of
circuits or flows of exchanges of
elements between two
complementary parts that maintain a
relatively fixed position and that is
realized according to natural laws
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CIRCULAR MOVEMENTS

A first type of circular movement occurring in
nature is that which occurs within atoms, in which
the interaction between the positive and negative
particles causes the nucleus to assume a relatively
fixed central position and that the electrons turn
around forming a kind of electronic cloud.
This model of circular motion is very similar to
the planetary circular motion, in which one of the
interacting parts is placed in a relatively fixed
central position and the other rotating around it,
describing in this case elliptical orbits.The purpose
of both is to guarantee the stability, cohesion and
continuity of the different types of atoms and the
planetary system.
1. Circular movements in which one of the parts occupies the central
position and the other rotates around it

The electrons vibrate and spin on themselves in
order to maintain their own stability, while
revolving around the nucleus in order to guarantee
the stability of the atom as a whole.
Similarly, planets rotate on their own axis while
revolving around the sun in order to fulfill both the
individual purpose of maintaining one's stability and
the purpose of contributing to the stability of the
system as a whole.
In fact, a succession of these movements of
rotation and revolution together with a
concatenation of centers are those that maintain
order in our galaxy and most probably in the whole
universe.

A second type or model of circular motion is that which
occurs when atoms are joined together by chemical
bonds forming complex molecular structures. In this type
of circular movement the two complementary parts both
have a fixed or stationary position with respect to each
other and their union is based on several types of
interactions or links.
The molecular structures are fixed in the sense that the
atoms that compose it do not change position in the
structure and the bonds are stable. However, there is a
continuous vibratory movement between the linked
atoms because of mutual interaction, which is also a form
of circular motion.This is similar to the imperceptible
vibration of rocky mountains or man-made architectural
structures despite their apparent immobility.
The purpose of this type of vibratory
circular movement produced by chemical
bonds is to build a solid and stable
foundation, framework or skeleton for the
universe, as well as to generate the basic
materials for the construction of living
organisms.
2. Circular vibrational movements through links between parts holding a
fixed position

Wave movements are a variation of this
type of circular vibrational motions
combined with a temporal sequence.
Wave movements are universal in the
transmission and propagation of sound,
light, and the full range of frequencies of
electromagnetic waves and particle
radiations, even though they appear to be
pure rectilinear motions.
The wave movements

A third model of circular motion is when a current,
circuit or flow of elements is produced between two
complementary parts which maintain a relatively
fixed position relative to one another.
This type of circular motion can be exemplified by
the force-line circuit that occurs between the two
poles of a magnet or by the current or flow of
electrons circulating between the two poles of an
electric circuit.
Although in nature there are many movements of
this type, all are variations, modifications or
transformations of the same pattern.
3. Circular movements in the form of circuits or flows of exchanges of
elements between two complementary parts that maintain a relatively
fixed position and that is realized according to natural laws

In cells, which are the basic units that make up living organisms,
there is an interaction and exchange of elements between the
nucleus and the cytoplasm, which are the two main parts that
compose it and which maintain a fixed position with respect to the
other, with the nucleus in the center and the cytoplasm wrapping
around it. A circuit of energy, gas and materials exchanges is also
established between cells and their environment.
In these cases, the complementary parts do not move round
each other, as in the case of atoms and planetary systems, but a
circular flow or current of elements is established between parts
which maintain a fixed position.
The purpose of these interactions between the nucleus and the
cytoplasm within the cell and between the cells and their
environment is clearly to ensure the continuity of the existence of
the cells.
Interactions in cells

A living organism is simply an assemblage of living cells that
are organized, that is, they specialize forming organs that have
a fixed and differentiated position and function, and that
cooperate with each other in order to maintain the life of the
whole body.The model of circuits or exchanges of elements that
sustain the life of the cells is the same that maintains the life of
an organism.
Since each cell of the organism needs to establish an
exchange of energy, gases and materials with the environment
in order to continue its existence, there are specialized organs
that are responsible for performing this function, such as gills or
lungs and digestive devices in animals, leaves and roots in
plants, as well as an internal circulation system that is
responsible for transporting and providing each cell of the
organism these elements of the environment, such as the
circulation of sap in plants and blood circulation in animals.
Interactions in living organisms

The nervous system and sensory organs,
which are increasingly complex as living
organisms have a greater ability to perform
mental processes —since they need to collect
more information about the environment and
have a greater capacity for motor response—
are also based on circuits or exchanges of
electrical impulses by which information is
encoded.
Therefore, it can be seen that living
organisms, like the cells that compose them,
can preserve their existence through multiple
circular movements of exchanges of
elements that occur within their body, as well
as relations of exchange of the body with the
environment.

This third type of circular movements in the
form of circuits, currents or flows of elements is
the most generalized in all areas of nature.
Examples of these are air and marine currents due
to differences in pressure and temperature; or the
water cycle, which occurs when evaporating on
the surface of the sea, become clouds that then
produce rains and return again to the sea by
means of streams and rivers.
In the so-called terrestrial biosphere, there are
also cycles of oxygen, carbon dioxide and
nitrogen, in which chemical elements and living
organisms collaborate with the obvious purpose
of maintaining a balance and environmental
constants that makes life possible on planet earth.
Another example of these circular
movements in the form of circuits or streams
of elements are the vital cycles of organic
matter produced in the different terrestrial
ecosystems, in which a chain of minerals and
plant and animal species collaborate in order
to guarantee the balance of the ecosystem
and the existence and multiplication of the
different species that compose it.
Even recent plasma models assume that
the universe is interrelated and
interconnected by gigantic rivers or plasma
streams guided by huge electromagnetic
fields.
Cycles in nature

4. Temporal or spiral circular
movements in the processes of
growth and multiplication of
living organisms
5. Circular movements in the
form of circuits of exchanges of
knowledge, affections, goods
and services between human
beings that are realized in a
conscious and voluntary way

A fourth type of circular movement is a
circular movement in the form of a spiral that
occurs in the process of growth and
multiplication of living organisms.
Unlike the planets that guarantee their
eternity through circular and repetitive spatial
movements, living beings guarantee their
eternity, perpetuation and continuity through
having descendants, which is like performing a
temporal circular movement.
First, they are born of seeds, eggs or
embryos; then, they develop and grow; and
when they mature, produce new seeds or
embryos that grow again, thus repeating a new
circle or cycle.
This temporal circular movement have a spiral
form because each new cycle or stage is not a
repetition of the previous one but a multiplication
and diversification of new seeds or individuals
occurs.This is the movement by which living cells
and organisms, despite having a limited life span,
can perpetuate themselves through their
descendants.
4.Temporal or spiral circular movements in the processes of growth and
multiplication of living organisms

A fifth type of circular movement is that which occurs in
the relationships between human beings within society.
People, like cells and other living organisms, need to exist
to establish circuits of exchange of elements within their
body and between the body and their environment.That is,
the inner circuits or biological functions of our body, as well
as the need to interact with the environment inhaling and
exhaling air, eating and evacuating, are practically the same
as other organisms.
However, because of their greater degree of awareness
and level of mental processes, humans are made to
establish other types of interactions or relations of
exchange with their peers which are unknown in the rest of
living organisms.
5. Circular movements in the form of circuits of exchanges of knowledge,
affections, goods and services between human beings that are realized in a
conscious and voluntary way

For example, we need to research and acquire
knowledge, which we then encode into a language
that serves us to communicate and exchange that
knowledge.
We are also not satisfied to build nests in an
instinctive or repetitive way but we construct in a
creative way all kinds of houses, instruments and
objects of art with criteria of utility and beauty.
In addition, the interaction between our mental
processes and the physical, that is, between what
we think and what we do, is not an instinctive
interaction as in animals, but we have a wide
margin of maneuver or choice, which leads us to
guide our behavior with moral criteria about what
is right and wrong.

This makes it possible for human beings to join
together in forming families through mutual giving and
receiving relationships or reciprocal exchanges of love,
affection, care, ideas, knowledge, goods and services.
These exchanges are voluntary and creative and seek to
satisfy both physical and mental or spiritual needs.
This flow of affects, goods and services that is
established between husband and wife, between
parents and children, and between brothers and sisters,
is also a form of circular movement whose purpose is to
ensure the stability of relationships and the cohesion or
unity of the family.
Families also enter into relationships of exchanges of
goods and services with other families thus forming
small communities or tribes; and then these interact and
group together into societies and nations.
Cohesion within societies, nations
and communities of nations is also
achieved through multiple circular
movements in the form of relations of
exchange of information, goods and
services.

The family unit, rather than the individual, is the
basic unit or cell of society, since it is the simplest
group of individuals that —like cells— has the
capacity to multiply itself.
Thus, the whole society resemble a large body
composed of family units or cells.
In society, as in a body, there are a series of organs
or institutions that fulfill specific functions to cover
the needs of each family and individual, as well as
social structures that facilitate circuits or flows of
goods and services between all its members in order
to maintain the life of the whole.
The society resemble a large body composed of family units

All these circular movements or circuits of
goods, services, affections, information and
knowledge that occur in society are intended to
satisfy the physical and mental needs of
individuals and families, as well as to maintain
the unity, cohesion and stability of society as a
whole.
Obviously, however, human beings are not
cells of a body, nor are ants of an anthill that
cooperate with each other in a semi-conscious
and instinctive way.
In a society, the different positions and
functions performed by individuals and
institutions —unlike organisms and animal
colonies— are not fixed, but admit of great
flexibility.
Neither do humans fulfill their functions or
roles automatically or instinctively, but in an
autonomous, free and creative way.
The similarity between these natural
systems and human society lies solely in the
fact that they are based on the same general
principles.

In summary, it can be seen that circular
motions —modified or transformed in different
ways— are the most universal and widespread in
the universe from the atomic to the galactic level,
passing through the different levels of living
organisms, including humans and human society.
The purpose of these movements is to
guarantee the stability and cohesion of the
different natural systems.
These circular motions can be reduced to the
same basic model or simple general principle of
reciprocal exchanges, or give and take, between a
pair of complementary entities.
OSS O
OS
Conclusions and ethical implications of the principle of the universality of
reciprocal interactions

This general principle of nature applied to human relations has
obviously strong ethical implications.
For example, if there is an intense flow of love, affection, care
and service between a man and a woman, between parents and
children, or between friends, all parts will experience feelings of
fulfillment, satisfaction, joy and happiness.And any action that
damages or interrupts the circuit or flow of affects, goods and
services will cause suffering or pain.
If, in the social field, there is a fluid and harmonious
interrelation between the different groups and institutions, that
is, if there is communication, dialogue, justice and cooperation
for a common good or public interest, then there will be unity,
harmony, peace and progress for all.
When, on the contrary, these reciprocal relations of exchange
between different social groups deteriorate or interrupt, then
conflicts and wars will occur.
OS
Satisfaction, joy and happiness
Unity, harmony, peace and progress
OS
Dissatisfaction, suffering and pain
Disputes, conflicts and wars

PRINCIPLE OF CIRCULAR MOVEMENTS
Principle of the universality of circular movements (or
modifications and transformations of circular movements). In
nature there is no absolute rest nor pure rectilinear movements.
For any entity to maintain its existence, stability and continuity,
it must initiate some kind of circular movement, cycle or circuit
within itself and in relation to other entities. Space and time are
derived from these circular motions and, therefore, space is
curved, time is cyclical and both are relative to the speed and
type of circular motions.The growth, development, multiplication
and creativity of nature is not a linear process but a spiral process
in which in each cycle something new appears.

COOPERATION OR CONFLICT?
It could be objected that this vision of a nature
full of reciprocal relations of cooperation and
circular harmonic movements is too optimistic
and conciliatory, and ignores that in the cosmos
also occur catastrophes, star explosions and
meteorite clashes.
Accidents and natural disasters such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones,
storms, floods, congenital deformations,
diseases and epidemics also occur frequently in
nature, and there seems to be a ruthless struggle
for survival among animals.
And if we take a look at human history we
see that it is a history full of wars and
conflicts from its earliest origins.
To strengthen the wording on cooperative
relationships and circular harmonic
movements is to counter a popular view of
very primitive roots of a cruel nature in
which the law of the jungle prevails and its
more modern versions of the struggle for
Darwinian survival, and that of a chaotic
cosmos replete with violent collisions and
random explosions.

 The bloody and destructive wars initiated by human
beings are not natural phenomena
 Forces of attraction and repulsion in nature and in
human relationships
 Human wars and conflicts are the result of individual and
collective human moral failure to fulfill their
responsibility to behave in a human way
 Dialogue, understanding, cooperation, tolerance,
forgiveness and reconciliation are the best means for
world progress and peace
 Principle of development through cooperation centered
on a Common Purpose
COOPERATION OR CONFLICT

There are those who think that conflicts and
wars are necessary natural phenomena, and
justify them by claiming that the law of the
jungle prevails in nature or, as the Darwinian
naturalists say, there is a ruthless struggle for
survival.
However, the phenomena of conflict or
repulsion that exist in nature are secondary
processes, which even have the purpose of
indirectly reinforcing the processes of
cooperation centered on common goals, which
are the main and priority. In nature, there are no
wars of extermination between members of the
same animal species.
The bloody and destructive wars initiated by human beings
are not natural phenomena

The live cycle in nature are designed to guarantee the balance of the ecosystem
In nature, there are species of predators that hunt
or fish by feeding on other species. However, this
phenomenon is part of a life cycle or chain of animal
and plant species that feed on each other and,
therefore, benefits the whole ecosystem thus
ensuring the survival of species.
In fact, by eliminating predators from an
ecosystem, overpopulation of intermediate species
can lead to exhaustion of plant species and thus ruin
the entire ecosystem.
It is curious that large predators have only one
breeding or two a year, while the species that serve
as food are very prolific.According to the Darwinian
Theory, if predators are the most successful in the
struggle for survival, they should also be the most
numerous species and their victims would have to
be extinguished.
Why, then, are predators less successful in
reproducing and are more in danger of extinction,
while their victims, losing species, are so successful
in reproducing?
It is not necessary to be very intelligent to realize
that the reason why this chain of species, which eat
each other, has the form of a pyramid —that is, the
species that are below reproduce more and are
more abundant, and those that are above
reproduce less and are less numerous— is because
the ecosystem is configured precisely in this way to
guarantee its balance.
If this were to the contrary —which is what the
DarwinianTheory seems to indicate— all species,
including those of the victors or predators, would be
extinguished, since they would simply be left with
nothing to eat.

In fact, it is far more correct to interpret
this natural phenomenon from the point of
view that living beings are offered as a
sacrifice for the benefit of others. In this way,
contributing to the good of the whole
ecosystem, in the end they are benefiting
their own descendants.
In this sense, our correct attitude when
consuming food should be to feel grateful to
nature and living beings who offer their lives
for us, and to seek to respect, care for and
protect nature and the different species of
living beings.
When living beings are offered as a sacrifice for the benefit of others,
in the long run they are benefiting their own descendants

In nature, there are also examples of
antagonism, tension and conflict between
animals of the same species; such as fights
between males to become the leader of the
herd or to get the females and, once achieved,
to drive away intruders. In addition, the animals
usually show a considerable aggressiveness
when defending their territories or offspring.
However, these conflicts, in the first cases,
are not usually fights to the death.They are like
tournaments to qualify as the group leader.And
in the last examples they are natural instincts in
order to preserve their livelihood and
descendants.
Forces of attraction and repulsion in nature and in human relationships

As Sun Myung Moon explains
in the following quote, these
phenomena of struggle or
repulsion do not destroy order
but, on the contrary, have the
purpose of creating order,
stimulating the formation of
strongly united pairs or groups.
«Thus both a harmonizing or comforting force and a
repelling force exist.The first brings everything into
oneness, like glue.The second rebuffs any threats to
that perfect harmony. (…)
[For example] when one meets the woman who
becomes his fiancée, he doesn't want other men around
anymore…
Therefore, when plus and minus unite and then repel
others, they are actually giving them a loving push away,
an encouragement to go and find their own mate and
create their own eternal harmony!»
Sun Myung Moon, The Realm of Existence, February 8, 1981.
The phenomena of struggle or repulsion do not destroy order but
have the purpose of creating order

When a person tries to seduce a married
man or woman, the other spouse reacts
violently against the intruder.This natural
reaction aims to protect the relationship
between established couples from other
parties who seek to destroy it. It is like saying:
“Find a person who is free and leave us alone!”
Consequently, this repulsion or
aggressiveness is not a destructive force, since
it protects established unions and encourages
others to seek their own partners and establish
new unions.
It is a phenomenon similar to the force of
repulsion that exists between the poles of
the same sign of the magnets; or when
sparks are produced by a circuit breaker in
an electric current; or when two positively
charged clouds collide causing a lightning
strike.
For example, two girls can be very
friendly, but when a boy appears that
interests both, they become rivals.The
same thing happens when two boys are
interested in the same girl.
The phenomena of struggle or repulsion do not destroy order but
have the purpose of creating order

Something similar happens when the children
compete with each other for the affection of their
parents; or students to get good grades and gain the
appreciation of their teachers; or employees for their
promotion in the company; or artists for public
recognition or fame; or businessmen to get more
customers and better benefits; or leaders for gaining
the trust of the people.
These confrontations or competition between
rivals is a natural phenomenon that encourages
individuals to improve, and makes the most capable
people excel and lead the group, thus contributing to
forming more united and cohesive groups around a
strong center.
For this reason, the ultimate aim of these rivalries
is not the destruction of relationships but the
creation of more lasting and stable relationships.
Competition between rivals encourages individuals to improve

When certain boundaries are exceeded
by an immature and selfish attitude and
motivation, the natural rivalries between
human beings are transformed into
fratricidal struggles, oppressions,
exploitation, and destructive and bloody
wars, which unfortunately has been the
norm in all human history.
Therefore, it is said that the human
being, despite being the most qualified
among all living beings, is the most cruel
and destructive being in nature.
This is a proof that something goes wrong with
the human being, that he does not function well,
that he does not act as it is due to his human
condition or nature.
Thus, the bloody and destructive wars initiated by
human beings throughout history are not necessary
natural phenomena but moral and social evils,
unnecessary and avoidable, the result of a
continuous human irresponsibility or moral failure,
both individual and collective.
In fact, these moral and social evils are contrary to
nature and to human nature.
Human wars and conflicts are the result of individual and collective human
moral failure to fulfill their responsibility to behave in a human way

From the famous aphorism of
Heraclitus, “war is the father of all
things,” to Marxist ideology, which
considers wars and violent
revolutions to be the engine of
human history, many thinkers and
philosophers have considered that
wars and conflicts in human society
are necessary because they have
contributed to the progress and
improvement of society.
When certain rulers enslave, exploit and
oppress their peoples or establish unjust and
tyrannical laws or institutions, it is evident that
it is good and necessary for new leaders to
arise who oppose them and who, if they have
no other choice, overthrow them by force to
establish more fair institutions and laws.
But this need stems from a previous error or
irresponsibility, which was neither necessary
nor inevitable at all.
Wars do not contribute to the progress and improvement of society

Slavery, exploitation, oppression,
injustice, and wars motivated by pillaging,
spoiling or conquest are the result of a
human moral failure or an accumulation
of errors and perfectly avoidable
irresponsibility.
In the case of being able to avoid these
mistakes, it would not be necessary to
defended with the arms before an
aggression, invasion or unjustified attack,
nor initiate a war of liberation to remedy a
situation of injustice.
The main problem is how to eradicate the moral evil that is the cause of injustice,
exploitation, misery and hunger
In fact, today people are working on a
global scale to create social and political
conditions, and ties of interdependence and
mutual help among nations, that make war
unnecessary, and thus to initiate a new era of
peace and collaboration between all nations.
For this reason, the main problem is how to
eradicate the moral evil that is the cause of
wars, injustices, exploitation, misery and
hunger.

Also, most religious, philosophical,
ancient and modern ethical traditions
have emphasized the principle of
dialogue, understanding, cooperation,
consensus, tolerance, forgiveness or
reconciliation, centered on common
goals or goals, as a means for world
progress or peace.
In short, acceptance of this principle
encourages the search for peaceful solutions
to problems and conflicts that may arise in
all areas, through dialogue and cooperation
centered on shared ends, instead of
resorting to a strategy of constant conflict,
fratricidal struggle or unjustified and
gratuitous use of force, justifying any kind of
violent or destructive means to achieve an
alleged good purpose.
Dialogue, understanding, cooperation, tolerance, forgiveness and
reconciliation are the best means for world progress and peace

Principle of progress and development
through harmonious cooperation and mutual
dependence between complementary elements,
centered on common purposes and shared ends,
and not through struggle, conflict or mutual
destruction between irreconcilable opposing
parts.
PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COOPERATION
CENTERED ON A COMMON PURPOSE

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