Obesity Final Paper [402119]

Runninghead: APPLYINGTHEORY ANDADULT OBESITY 1
Applying Theory and Adult Obesity
Michelle P. Petty
East Carolina University, North Carolina

APPLYINGTHEORY AND ADULT OBESITY 2
Introduction
Theory is a fundamental part of building nursing concepts and ideas. Theory can lend
structure and foundation to new and developing ideas. The purpose of this paper is to take a
closer look at three specific theories and how they can be useful to the disease topic of obesity
and the adult population. The three theories that will be discussed are the integrated theory of
health behavior change, modeling and role-modeling theory, and critical theory. Upon learning
the basic concepts of health, environment, and interdependent relationships between each theory
and their fundamental ideas, we will then be able to more readily identify one of the three
theories that would best aid in future studies concerning adult obesity.
Obesity
Obesity is ramped and only seems to be getting worse. It is the one disease that has the
potential to affect just about every person on the planet and it sets one up for a host of
comorbidities. The statistics on obesity are staggering. It is has been reported by the CDC, that
over 78 million adult Americans in the United States are obese, this is over a third of our total
population (Finkelstein, Trogdon, Cohen, & Dietz, 2009)! It is projected that by 2030 half of all
American adults will be obese and by 2102 all, 100%, of adults will be obese (Sabol,
Hammersla, & Reedy, 2012). Obesity is on the rise and it is accompanied by many other
diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, stroke, cardiovascular
problems, arthritis, and has even been linked to some cancers (Sabol, Hammersla, and Reedy,
2012; Sargent, Forrest, & Parker, 2012; Shepherd, 2014). There are also psychosocial problems
to consider secondary to obesity, such as one’s well-being and their overall quality of life (Sabol,
Hammersla, & Reedy, 2012).

Obesity is not only costly to our health it is also costly to our wallets. In the United States
alone, the estimated cost to our country for 2008 was $147 billion dollars (Finkelstein, Trogdon,
Cohen, & Dietz, 2009). As compared to individuals who are of normal weight, obese individuals
have higher annual medical cost estimated at about $1,430 more per year (Finkelstein, Trogdon,
Cohen, & Dietz, 2009). If we take a second to think about the statistics and the projected
number of individuals that will be affected by obesity and its comorbidities, it goes without
saying that the already high costs we currently face, secondary to obesity, will go up
exponentially.
The World Health Organization reports that physical activity is suffering in many countries
around the world and these activities increase the risk of obesity and its comorbidities across the
board (World Health Organization, 2010). Obesity has no bias and affects adults and children
alike. The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States is holding steady at about 17%
(Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). Childhood obesity has been a recent area of focus for
public health dollars in the United States and may be one reason we have seen a plateau (Ogden,
Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). However, it should be noted that the plateau of obesity rates in
children are seen in more affluent families and levels of obesity are still high in impoverished
families (Shepherd, 2014). The fact that obesity is common, serious, costly, on the rise, and
preventable has forced me to want to take a closer look at ways we can help increase awareness
and prevention.
Obese Young Adults with Access to a Mobile Devise
As we have seen adults are particularly vulnerable to obesity and its comorbidities. One
extensive literature review revealed that young adults ages 18-29 are a population that is
currently understudied, yet there is data to show that this populations’ number of obese

individuals is on the rise (Cha, Akazawa, Kim, Dawkins, Lerner, Umpierrez, & Dunbar, 2015).
Young adulthood is an important time in one’s development as they transition out of their
teenage years into their 20’s. It is also a vulnerable time and lifestyle changes during this time
can increase the risk of obesity (Avery, 2011).
Mobile devises such as phones and computers are linked to the cause of obesity but are also
equipped with several capabilities that can aid in obesity prevention and weight loss (Shaw &
Bosworth, 2012). In the United States over 87% of people use a mobile phone which can be a
tool for receiving text messages, the most widely used data application in the world with over 2.4
billion users, and these text messages can be set up by commercial weight loss services or apps
to send reminders about their diet and exercise goals (Shaw & Bosworth, 2012). There are over
40,000 health related mobile apps, some are well known plans you can purchase such as Weight
Watchers and others are free apps such as Diet Assistant, both let you set a target weight, will
help you develop meal plans, and come with text reminders (Evans, 2014; Randolph, 2013).
Seeing that young adults ages 18-29 are a vulnerable understudied population, about 9 out of
10 adults in the United States have access to a mobile phone, and there are literally tens of
thousands of weight loss apps, I feel obese young adults with access to mobile devises, would be
a great focus population to study regarding weight loss by using the application of a mobile
devise.
Health
Health is part of the nursing metaparadigm. The metaparadigm is a set of broad core concepts
that make up the pillars of nursing (i.e. human beings, environment, health, and nursing)
(Nelson, 2015). By understanding the meaning and value of these core concepts the

metaparadigm gives nursing a foundation and structure to build off of. Health is the quality of
life from a holistic perspective (Nelson, 2015). Health is fluid, invisible, and assessed from an
individual’s perspective (Nelson, 2015). The goal is of health is to maintain an optimal level of
wellness from a holistic perspective for individuals, families, communities, and the world.
The integrated theory of health behavior change is a middle-range theory derived from both
old and new concepts to explain health behavior (Ryan, Weiss, Traxel, & Brondino, 2011). The
model of health behavior change addresses the behavior of change to move an individual to a
better state of health (Glanz, Burke, & Rimer, 2015). For example some people may not be
ready to make changes in their diet and habits based on their level of readiness and by using the
behavior change model the nurse can more quickly assess a person’s current level of readiness to
change and apply her time, resources, and efforts more effectively based on the information she
receives (Glanz, Burke, & Rimer, 2015).
The modeling and role-modeling theory is based on the concepts that each person sees the
world from their own unique perspective and the nurse should attempt to understand the client’s
perspective and then tailor their care to fit the client while nurturing and assisting them to
attaining health (Lombardo & Roof, 2005). The theory of modeling and role-modeling is said to
be one of both art and science (Sappington & Kelley, 1996). The art is seen in modeling when
the nurse takes action to develop an understanding of the client’s perspective of the world and
applies role-modeling care that will fit them in a unique way (Sappington & Kelley, 1996). The
science of modeling is in the data collection and assessment from the client’s perspective and
then using knowledge based theory to role-model and implement care appropriately in an effort
to promote individualized care and optimal health for the client (Sappington & Kelley, 1996).

Critical theory is a social theory that identifies barriers to health (Schroeder, Kulage, &
Lucero, 2015). Critical theory is used to both identify and alleviate barriers that oppress
individuals and groups (Cody, 1998; Schroeder, Kulage, & Lucero, 2015). The philosophy and
theory of critical theory are intended to derive emancipation from forces that perpetuate social
injustice and by doing so nurses can then use and share critical knowledge that can ensure
optimal health for all without prejudice (Chinn, 2015).
I believe health is fluid, intangible, and perceived from an individual human perspective.
Health is the optimal social, psychological, and physical state of well-being as perceived by the
individual. Health in each domain is equally important and is ever changing. Therefore, as
caregivers it is important to not only assess the client’s physical state but to take the time to
understand and implement care in a way that will best address their holistic selves in a manner
they see fit to assist them in achieving an optimal balance of body, mind, and spirit.
Environment
Environment is one of the four metaparadigm concepts in nursing. Nightingale’s
environmental model of nursing focused primarily on the environment of the patient and was
pivotal in defining the environmental concept of the nursing paradigm (Masters, 2015).
Nightingale saw the environment as social and physical factors that could be manipulated by the
nurse to aid in achieving health by aiding in patient recovery (Masters, 2015). Nightingale’s
concept of environment focused on the external and internal environment as it relates to a
patient’s temperature, bedding, proper ventilation, food, water, and medication and the potential
impact of the social environment on the health of an individual (Masters, 2015).

The integrated theory of health behavior change views environment from the self-regulation
of the patient’s perspective (Ryan, 2009). The focus of the theory of health behavior change is to
empower the patient with knowledge in an effort to increase their understanding and by doing so
enable the patient to self-regulate (Ryan, 2009). Self-regulation requires awareness of the
internal environment as it relates to goal setting, self-monitoring, planning, self-evaluation, and
management of emotions secondary to implemented changes (Ryan, 2015). The integrated
theory of change also addresses social influence in the environment that influence the patient’s
internal beliefs and can come from such things as healthcare providers, television, radio, family,
neighbors, coworkers, books, magazines, or computers therefore, the social environment is also
important in facilitating positive health behavior changes in the patient (Ryan, 2009).
In modeling and role-modeling theory environment is viewed from the patient’s perspective
(Sappington & Kelley, 1996). The nurse must take the time to assess and evaluate both the
internal and external environment as perceived by the patient. The modeling and role-modeling
theory enables the nurse to plan interventions that will both positively change the patient’s
internal and external environment in a way that is tailored to the patient’s perceptions and mutual
goals (Sappington & Kelley, 1996).
Critical theory is rooted in social philosophy and addresses environment from the human’s
best interests as something that can be predicted and controlled (Chinn, 2015). Critical theory
suggests that humans have the ability to work with and create systems and tools that enable
people to carry out activities of daily living (Chinn, 2015). Critical theory addresses the internal
environment as vital to the human experience and states the importance of meaningful human
connections and interactions (Chinn, 2015). Lastly, critical theory emphasizes the importance of

emancipatory interests of our environment and how it shapes human perceptions of the world
(Chinn, 2015).
I believe that environment is pivotal to one’s health and human experience. The internal
environment in which one lives, feels, learns, grows, and experiences life cannot be underscored
enough. This is the epicenter of our being and the essence of our human experience. The
internal environment can be predicted scientifically but spiritually is as individual as each one of
us in existence. If the internal environment is not nurtured and valued from a nursing
perspective then all other interventions will fall short. With that being said our external
environment aids in our experiences and is the vehicle through which we can aid in supporting,
changing, aiding, healing, and nurturing our internal bodies and souls. No doubt why
environment is one of the four nursing metaparadigms.
Interdisciplinary Theories
Interdisciplinary theory is the integration of theory from nursing and other related disciplines.
Interdisciplinary theory is important to nursing because nurses, as well as other disciplines, bring
unique strengths, perspectives, and contributions that can advance theory (Moore, 2010). By
integrating theory from other disciplines we can approach nursing from a unique perspective and
incorporate new concepts that can strengthen nursing theory as a whole.
The integrated theory of health behavior change is a middle-range theory and can more easily
be translated into nursing practice (Ryan, 2009; Ryan, Weiss, Traxel, & Brondino, 2011). The
integrated theory of health behavior is a good fit for obesity as it relates to weight loss and
management because it focuses on patient self-regulation, self-monitoring, goal setting, and self-
evaluation, while taking into account the physical, cognitive, and emotional responses that

accompany health behavior change (Ryan, Weiss, Traxel, & Brondino, 2011). The ability to
empower the patient and nurture self-actualization make the theory of health behavior an ideal
theory for obesity patients seeking weight loss and management.
The modeling and role-modeling theory would be a good fit for obese patients because it
empowers the client to reach and maintain their goals by nurturing them to reach their full
potential using unconditional acceptance and encouragement (Sappington & Kelley, 1996). The
modeling and role-modeling theory would also help in maintaining weight loss once it is
achieved because it the focus of support on the patient could help maintain this goal as well.
One study that applied the modeling and role-modeling theory pointed out that the theory as
applied to practice may be limiting because it is too simplistic and it may be too tailored to the
client’s personal goals while down playing the knowledge of the nurse to know what may be best
for the patient (Sappington & Kelley, 1996).
Critical theory as it relates to obesity would be helpful in addressing societal barriers to
weight loss and maintenance (Schroeder, Kulage, & Lucero, 2015). Racial and low-income
disparities exist in relation to obesity (Schroeder, Kkulage, & Lucero, 2015). Critical theory as
the ability to produce positive outcomes in regards to obesity by looking at the root of the
problem on society. By evaluating patterns of reasoning to our cultural reality and
socioeconomic disparities as it relates to obesity interventions can be free of prejudice while
identifying critical areas for change (Cody, 1998).
Conclusion
Obesity is an epidemic that requires attention from nurses. We have the ability to reach
infinite populations and the skill sets to aid in a healthier world by integrating and applying

necessary changes to the preventable disease of obesity. By looking to the nursing
metaparadigm and incorporating its pillars to translate tailored theory into practice we can set
forth a foundation that is proven and strong to best reach our goals for healthy weight and
lifestyles. Based on my review of the integrated theory of health behavior change, modeling and
role-modeling theory, and critical theory I believe that the theory of health behavior change
would be the best fit for empowering individuals with the best skillsets to achieve and monitor
their own weight loss efforts. However, the theory of modeling and role-modeling and the
theory of critical change both offer concepts that aid in interventions that could strengthen the
theory of health behavior change as it relates to obesity and implementing technology towards
healthy goals. Therefore, it may be in the best interest of future studies to integrate these
theories into a new middle range theory for the best overall outcomes of obesity and its
management.
Reflective Narrative
Reflecting back on my extensive literature review of obesity and the adult population I really
was able to comprehend what an important health issue obesity is and how it literally affects us
all. I also could see how the source of technology contributes to the problem of obesity by
enabling lifestyle void of activity, allowing advertisers to exploit our subconscious with almost
constant bombardment of images and suggestions of unhealthy foods and enormous portion
sizes, and limiting social interactions that could help fill our voids. I also could see how
technology could be the solution to our problem of obesity if equipped with the right tools to aid
us in positive and healthy reminders to stay on task, count calories, monitor activity, plan meals,
and access to healthy supporters with common goals.

Through my research of many different theories I was able to delve into less well known
theories which I enjoyed. I slowly could see how theories could be tailored and integrated to fit
problems and to offer new solutions. It was also evident to me from the literature review that
behavior based and change theories were desirable to other researchers in relation to obesity.
I learned mostly by reading several nursing articles. I began to quickly be able to tell from
my initial readings if the articles would be a good fit for my paper and subject matter and over
time became much more efficient with my time during my literature review. This tells me that I
am able to adjust and adapt the way I acquire and synthesize knowledge to better aid in my
efforts and that I truly enjoy the learning process. The value of what I learned will serve me in
my future literature reviews for both my education and my future professional career. I plan to
continue to use theory to guide and substantiate my research and my nursing practice and
ultimately I would like to be able to verbalize and structure all that I have learned to formulate a
theory of my own.

References
Avery, A. (2012). Managing obesity in young adults. Practice Nursing, 23(6), 291-294.
doi: 10.12968/pnur.2012.23.6.291
Cha, E., Akazawa, M. K., Kim, K. H., Dawkins, C. R., Lerner, H. M., Umpierrez, G., &
Dunbar, S. B. (2015). Lifestyle habits and obesity progression in overweight and obese
American young adults: Lessons for promoting cardiometabolic health. Nursing & Health
Sciences, 17(4), 467-475. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12218
Chinn, P. L. (2015). Critical theory and emancipatory knowing. In J. B. Butts & K. L.
Rich (Eds.), Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice (pp. 139-158).
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Cody, W. K. (1998). Critical theory and nursing science: Freedom in theory and
practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 11(2), 44-46. doi: 10.1177/089431849801100202
Evans, N. (2014). Diet assistant - weight loss app. Nursing Standard (Royal College of
Nursing (Great Britain): 1987), 28(52), 31-31. doi: 10.7748/ns.28.52.31.s34
Finkelstein, E. F., Trogdon, J. G., Cohen, J. W., & Dietz, W. (2009). Annual medical
spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Affairs, 28(5),
822-831. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.5w822
Glanz, K., Burke, L. E., & Rimer. (2015). Health Behavior Theories. In J. B. Butts & K.
L. Rich (Eds.), Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice (pp. 235-256).

Lombardo, S. L., & Roof, M. (2005). A case study applying the modeling and role-
modeling theory to morbid obesity. Home Healthcare Nurse, 23(7), 425-428. doi:
10.1097/00004045-200507000-00005
Masters, K. (2015). Models and theories focused on nursing goals and functions. In J. B.
Butts & K. L. Rich (Eds.), Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice (pp. 377-
405). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Moore, J. (2010). Nursing theory as the foundation for interdisciplinary success. Research
and Theory for Nursing Practice, 24(3), 149.
Nelson, S. (2015). Theories focused on interpersonal relationships. In J. B. Butts & K. L.
Rich (Eds.), Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice (pp. 257-305).
Ogden C.L., Carroll M.D., Kit B.K., & Flegal K.M. Prevalence of Childhood and Adult
Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014; 311(8):806-814. doi:
10.1001/jama.2014.732.
Randolph, S. A. (2013). Selecting health-related apps: Workplace Health & Safety, 61(4),
184. doi: 10.3928/21650799-20130327-79
RYAN, P. (2009). Integrated theory of health behavior change: Background and
intervention development. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 23(3), 161-170.
doi:10.1097/NUR.0b013e3181a42373

Ryan, P., Weiss, M., Traxel, N., & Brondino, M. (2011). Testing the integrated theory of
health behaviour change for postpartum weight management. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 67(9), 2047-2059. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05648.x
Sabol, V. K., Hammersla, M., & Idzik, S. R. (2012). Incorporating obesity education into
adult primary and acute care nurse practitioner programs. Bariatric Nursing and Surgical Patient
Care, 7(2), 62-69. doi: 10.1089/bar.2012.9979
Sappington, J., & Kelley, J. H. (1996). Modeling and role-modeling theory: A case study
of holistic care. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 14(2), 130-141. doi:
10.1177/089801019601400205
Sargent, G. M., Forrest, L. E., & Parker, R. M. (2012). Nurse delivered lifestyle
interventions in primary health care to treat chronic disease risk factors associated with obesity:
A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 13(12), 1148-1171. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-
789X.2012.01029.x
Schroeder, K., Kulage, K. M., & Lucero, R. (2015). Beyond positivism: Understanding
and addressing childhood obesity disparities through a critical theory perspective. Journal for
Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 20(4), 259-270. doi: 10.1111/jspn.12122
Shaw, R., & Bosworth, H. (2012). Short message service (SMS) text messaging as an
intervention medium for weight loss: A literature review. Health Informatics Journal, 18(4),
235-250. doi: 10.1177/1460458212442422
Shepherd, A. B. (2014). Improving treatments for obesity: The concept of self-
management. Nurse Prescribing, 12(6), 302-306. doi: 10.12968/npre.2014.12.6.302

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Appendix A
10 Disease Topics of Interest
September 15, 2015
1. Diabetes
2. Vaccines
3. Obesity
4. Anxiety
5. Depression
6. Eating Disorders
7. ADHD
8. Breast Feeding
9. HTN
10. Schizophrenia

Appendix B
10 Populations of Interest
September 16, 2015
1. Adults with DM and Cell Phones
2. DM Patients with A1C > 8.0%
3. Mothers with Children < 5 years who are not vaccinated or are on an alternate schedule
from the recommendations
4. Adults with BMI > 30
5. Adults with BMI > 30 and access to computers
6. Adolescents with BMI > 30 and Cell Phones
7. Mothers with a Panic Disorder
8. First-time Mothers who are Breastfeeding
9. Schizophrenic Adults without Family Support
10. Adults with HTN

Appendix C
Top 3 Disease Topics
September 16, 2015
1. Diabetes
2. Vaccines
3. Obesity
Appendix D
Top 3 Populations
October 29, 2015
1. Adults with BMI > 30
2. Adults with BMI > 30 and access to computers or cell phones with apps
3. Adolescents with BMI > 30 and access to computers or cell phones with apps

Appendix E
Literature Review Worksheet
Michelle Petty’s Literature Review Worksheet
Author & Year Title Model Purpose Citation Rating
(1-5)
Avery
(2012)
Managing obesity in
young adults.Practice
Nursing
Obesity Statistics
and Data
Avery, A. (2012). Managing
obesity in young adults. Practice
Nursing, 23(6), 291-294.
doi:10.12968/pnur.2012.23.6.291
5
Erickson,
Monsen,
Attleson,
Radosevich,
Oftedahl, Neely
&
Thorson(2015)
Translation of obesity
practice guidelines:
Measurement and
evaluation
Study to evaluate
guideline
translation across
organizations and
data outcomes
Erickson, K. J., Monsen, K. A.,
Attleson, I. S., Radosevich, D. M.,
Oftedahl, G., Neely, C., &
Thorson, D. R. (2015). Translation
of obesity practice guidelines:
Measurement and evaluation.
Public Health Nursing, 32(3), 222-
231. doi:10.1111/phn.12169
3
Sargent, Forrest,
& Parker (2012)
Nurse delivered
lifestyle interventions
in primary health
care to treat chronic
disease risk factors
associated with
obesity:A systematic
review
Data review and
analysis of
obesity studies
Sargent, G. M., Forrest, L. E., &
Parker, R. M. (2012). Nurse
delivered lifestyleinterventions in
primary health care to treat chronic
disease risk factors associated with
obesity:A systematic review.
Obesity Reviews, 13(12), 1148-
1171. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
789X.2012.01029.x
3
Cha, E.,
Akazawa, M.
K., Kim, K. H.,
Dawkins, C. R.,
Lerner, H. M.,
Umpierrez, G.,
& Dunbar, S. B.
(2015)
Lifestyle habits and
obesity progression
in overweight and
obese american
young adults:
Lessons for
promoting
cardiometabolic
health.
Cross-sectional
study to assess
prevalence of
obesity in young
adults
Cha, E., Akazawa, M. K., Kim, K.
H., Dawkins, C. R., Lerner, H. M.,
Umpierrez, G., & Dunbar, S. B.
(2015). Lifestyle habits and obesity
progression in overweight and
obese american young adults:
Lessons for promoting
cardiometabolic health. Nursing &
Health Sciences, 17(4), 467-475.
doi:10.1111/nhs.12218
4
Buchholz, S.
W., Wilbur, J.,
Ingram, D., &
Fogg, L. (2013)
Physical activity text
messaging
interventions in
adults: A systematic
review.
Literature review
of regarding the
use of text
messaging
interventions
Buchholz, S. W., Wilbur, J.,
Ingram, D., & Fogg, L. (2013).
Physical activity text messaging
interventions in adults: A
systematicreview. Worldviews on
Evidence‐Based Nursing,10(3),
163-173. doi:10.1111/wvn.12002
3
Watkins, I., &
Xie, B. (2015)
Older adults'
perceptions of using
iPads for improving
fruit and vegetable
intake: An
exploratory study
Small study to
assess older
adults view and
ability to use
technology
regarding diet
Watkins, I., & Xie, B. (2015).
Older adults' perceptions of using
iPads for improving fruit and
vegetable intake: An exploratory
study. Care Management Journals :
Journal of Case Management ; the
Journal of Long Term Home
Health Care, 16(1), 2-13.
doi:10.1891/1521-0987.16.1.2
2
Shaw, R., &
Bosworth, H.
(2012)
Short message
service (SMS) text
messaging as an
Literature review
of text messaging
and weight loss
Shaw, R., & Bosworth, H. (2012).
Short message service (SMS) text
messaging as an intervention
5

intervention medium
for weight loss: A
literature review
medium for weight loss: A
literature review. Health
Informatics Journal, 18(4), 235-
250.
doi:10.1177/1460458212442422
Hindle, L., &
Mills, S. (2012)
Obesity:Self-care
and illness prevention
Management of
obesity data
Hindle, L., & Mills, S. (2012).
Obesity:Self-care and illness
prevention. Practice
Nursing, 23(3), 130-134.
doi:10.12968/pnur.2012.23.3.130
3
Shepherd, A. B.
(2014)
Improving treatments
for obesity:The
concept of self-
management
Concept of
Self-
Manageme
nt
Self-management
strategies for
obesity treatment
Shepherd, A. B. (2014). Improving
treatments for obesity:The concept
of self-management. Nurse
Prescribing, 12(6), 302-306.
doi:10.12968/npre.2014.12.6.302
3
Anonymous.
(2010)
Obesity datapaint
bleak future for
adults
Adult obesity
data
Anonymous. (2010). Obesity data
paint bleak future for
adults. Practice Nurse, 39(4), 8.
2
Sabol, V. K.,
Hammersla, M.,
& Idzik, S. R.
(2012)
Incorporating obesity
education into adult
primary and acute
care nurse
practitioner programs
Obesity
prevention
strategies for
education NP
Sabol, V. K., Hammersla, M., &
Idzik, S. R. (2012). Incorporating
obesity education into adult
primary and acute care nurse
practitioner programs. Bariatric
Nursing and Surgical Patient
Care, 7(2), 62-69.
doi:10.1089/bar.2012.9979
3
Ryan, P., Weiss,
M., Traxel, N.,
& Brondino, M.
(2011)
Testing the integrated
theory of health
behaviour change for
postpartumweight
management
Integrated
Theory of
Health
Behavior
Change
Correlation study
and post-partum
weight
management
Ryan, P., Weiss, M., Traxel, N., &
Brondino, M. (2011). Testing the
integrated theory of health
behaviour change for postpartum
weight management. Journal of
Advanced Nursing, 67(9), 2047-
2059. doi:10.1111/j.1365-
2648.2011.05648.x
4
Lombardo, S.
L., & Roof, M.
(2005)
A case study
applyingthe
modeling and role-
modeling theory to
morbid obesity
Modeling
and Role-
Modeling
Theory
Study
homebound
morbidly obese
clients
Lombardo, S. L., & Roof, M.
(2005). A case study applyingthe
modeling and role-modeling theory
to morbid obesity.Home
Healthcare Nurse, 23(7), 425-428.
doi:10.1097/00004045-200507000-
00005
3
Schroeder, K.,
Kulage, K. M.,
& Lucero, R.
(2015)
Beyond positivism:
Understanding and
addressing childhood
obesity disparities
through a critical
theory perspective
Critical
Theory
Menu labeling
review
Schroeder, K., Kulage, K. M., &
Lucero, R. (2015). Beyond
positivism:Understanding and
addressing childhood obesity
disparities through a critical theory
perspective. Journal for Specialists
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