Business finance refers to the capital needed to start a business, operate it and develop it in the future. Funds are needed to acquire tangible assets like furniture, machinery, buildings, offices, and factories, as well as intangible assets such as patents, technical experience, and trademarks, among other things. Aside from the assets listed above, the day-to-day operational operations of a corporation also require cash. Purchasing raw goods, paying employees, bills, and collecting money from clients are all examples of this activity. To sustain and expand a business, you must have a significant quantity of money.

1. Lovely Professional University
Mittal School of Business
IN
BBA
By
Md Ali Reza Razu(12009420)
Section: 2003 G2
Under the Guidance of
Dr. Partap Singh
DEPARTMENT OF BBA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY PHAGWARA, PUNJAB
(INDIA) -144402

2. Part (1): A. Analysis of the sources of Finance and relevant mix :
Business finance refers to the capital needed to start a business, operate it and develop it in the
future. Funds are needed to acquire tangible assets like furniture, machinery, buildings, offices,
and factories, as well as intangible assets such as patents, technical experience, and trademarks,
among other things. Aside from the assets listed above, the day-to-day operational operations of
a corporation also require cash. Purchasing raw goods, paying employees, bills, and collecting
money from clients are all examples of this activity. To sustain and expand a business, you must
have a significant quantity of money.
The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) was founded in 1875 as the Native Share and Stock Brokers'
Association and is India's earliest and largest securities exchange. The BSE, based in Mumbai,
India, is one of the world's biggest stock exchanges, alongside the New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE), Nasdaq, London Stock Exchange Group, Japan Exchange Group, and Shanghai Stock
Exchange. The Bombay Stock Market (BSE) is India's oldest and largest securities exchange,
having been created in 1875 as the Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association. The Mumbai
Stock Exchange (BSE), along with the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq, London Stock
Exchange Group, Japan Exchange Group, and Shanghai Stock Exchange, is one of the world's
largest stock exchanges.

4. Indian corporates employ a substantial amount of debt in their capital structure in terms of the
debt-equity ratio as well as total debt to total assets ratio. Nonetheless, foreign-controlled
companies in India use less debt than domestic companies. The dependence of the Indian
corporate sector on debt as a source of finance has over the year inclined particularly since the
mid-nineties. This paper covered the study of different factors that are affecting capital structure
decisions. The review of the literature found that almost ten factors are affecting capital structure

5. decisions, but it is difficult to find out their influence efficiency of them. Therefore, in this paper,
researchers tried to find the same through the different statistical tests.
Description & conclusion:
The financial performance of a firm and stock returns are somewhat related to each other. The
share prices and dividend payout have a direct impact on stock returns. So, when the share price
and dividend payout increase automatically the stock returns also increases for the firms listed
in BSE. The financial performance indicator like profitability, liquidity, and firm growth has a good
relationship with the stock returns of the listed firms. The study has certain limitations so the
result is also limited to the selected variables. Many internal and also external factors also affect
financial performance and stock returns. Even market anomalies make differences in the interest
rate that have an impact on the investor behavior. Hence the financial performance and stock
returns are also affected.
Part (2): A. Analysis of the long term and short term investment:
Long-term investment benefits from the relationship between volatility and time. The volatility
of longer-term investments is lower than that of shorter-term ones. The longer you invest, the
better your chances of surviving market downturns get. Stocks, which have a larger risk of short-
term volatility, have higher long-term returns than less volatile assets such as money markets.
Market timing is incredibly difficult and risky. Many people feel scared when they hear that the
stock market is falling. Long-term market investing, on the other hand, has historically paid off.
Although short-term fluctuations may look random, the stock market tends to reflect the
economy's overall growth and productivity over time. Long-term investments, as opposed to
short-term investments, provide capital gain tax benefits. Long-term gains (those held for more

6. than a year) are often taxed at lower rates than your marginal rate. Short-term earnings, on the
other hand, are taxed as regular income.
If an investor starts investing early and invests for the long term, it's a terrific combination. When
it comes to market-linked assets, holding for a long time provides you a competitive advantage.
We'll go through some of the benefits of long-term investment and provide some examples. It is
clear that retaining the pitch for such a long time paid off financially. It's been said that investing
is like a game of chance; the longer you stick around, the better.
• This is one of the most significant advantages of long-term investing. It brings the
power of compounding into play that has a multiplier effect on wealth creation.
Compounding helps generate interest on the interest earned, which helps in creating
a bigger corpus. Also, stocks and equity mutual funds are volatile in the short term and
to maximize gains, you need to hold them for a longer period.
• With a long-term view, you can easily correct your investment mistakes and make the
necessary changes in your portfolio. In other words, you get the much-desired
flexibility and room to take corrective steps if your strategy doesn’t go as per your plan.
This isn’t possible with a short-term view.
The most common methods that investors use to analyze the benefits and risks associated
with long-term investments in the stock market include fundamental analysis, technical
analysis, and quantitative analysis. Long-term investors look for investments that offer a greater
probability of maximizing their returns over a longer period. Generally, this means at least one
year, although many financial experts suggest time frames of five to ten years or longer. One of
the benefits of being a long-term investor is the ability to save and invest for big goals that
require significant time to achieve the highest rewards, such as retirement.
The process of evaluating securities through statistics is known as technical analysis. Analysts
and investors use data on market activity such as historical returns, stock prices, and volume of
trades to chart patterns in securities movement. While fundamental analysis attempts to show

7. the intrinsic value of a security or specific market, technical data is meant to provide insight into
the future activity of securities or the market as a whole. Investors and analysts who use
technical analysis feel strongly that future performance can be determined by reviewing
patterns based on past performance data. Technical analysis uses data from short periods to
develop the patterns used to predict securities or market movement, while fundamental
analysis relies on information that spans years. Because of the short duration of data collection
in technical analysis, investors tend to use this method more in short-term trading. However,
technical analysis can be a beneficial tool to evaluate long-term investments when combined
with fundamental analysis.
By understanding the differences between fundamental, technical, and quantitative analysis,
long-term investors give themselves access to three valuable stock-picking strategies they can
use for making profitable investment decisions.
Description & conclusion:
In this study, nine different companies’ data are considered and the backpropagation method is
employed for long-term and short-term prediction. The different experimental results are carried
out on stock data sets. It is also observed by study for long period small scale and medium scale
companies like HCL and BSE Cement have also better performance as compared to large scale
companies like TCS. In contrast, short period large-scale companies like TCS have also better
performance. However, this study will be helpful to addresses various types of questions for stock
users like what will be capital on the individual share? How much return on the individual share?
and what will be the future worth of the company? Due to economic globalization stock users
are increasing day by day so this study will be helpful to bring new trends in the market and
remove the traditional misconception like ‘large scale companies always perform better