South east asia minerals & energy resources

Minerals & Energy
Resources
of Southeast Asia
Prepared By: Masuda Sultana
Dept. Of Geography & Environment,
Jagannath University.

GROUP - N
 Sabbir Hossain
 Sohel Arefin
 Israt Jahan Sandhi
 Masuda Sultana
 Abir Hasan
– B150602022
– B150602025
– B150602054
– B150602060
– B150602091

Minerals of Southeast Asia
 Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the regions that
are geographically south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent and north-west of
Australia.
 Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the
Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by
Australia and the Indian Ocean.
 The region is the only part of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere,
although the majority of it is in the Northern Hemisphere.
 In contemporary definition, Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:
1. Mainland Southeast Asia
2. Maritime Southeast Asia.

Countries of Southeast Asia
 Myanmar
 Malaysia
 Thailand
 Singapore
 Indonesia
 Philippines
 Vietnam
 Laos
 Cambodia
 Brunei
 East Taimor.
There are 12 countries in Southeastern Asia :

Minerals of Southeast Asia
 Southeast Asia has enormous mineral resources in all the
countries of it.
 The minerals are mostly found in Southeast Asia are as follows:
Ferrous Nonferrous Precious Stone Energy
- Iron ore - Copper - Gold - Coal
- Nickel - Tin - Rubies - Petroleum
- Chromium - Bauxite - Gems - Natural Gas

Iron ore in Southeast Asia
 Malaysia, produced most of the iron ore among all other
countries of Southeast Asia in 2013.
 Currently there are 98 iron ore mines in operation in Malaysia.
Most of them are small mines operating in Johor, Kedah,
Kelantan, Malacca, Pahang, Perak and Terengganu.
 In 2012, the annual production of iron ore was 10,077,136 tons.

 Vietnam secondly produced most iron ore in Southeast Asia in 2013.
 Iron is distributed in many places in Vietnam with hundreds of deposits
and occurrences of different genetic types.
 The Thach Khe mine is a large iron mine located in northern Vietnam in
the Hà Tĩnh Province.
Thach Khe represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Vietnam
and in the world having estimated reserves of 550 million tonnes of ore
grading 42% iron metal.

 Indonesia, Iron Ore data was
reported at 1,154,230.710
Metric Ton in Dec 2014.
 Iron ore spread in almost all
of Indonesian islands, from
Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan
and other.
Figure: Iron ore production in
Indonesia from 2010 to 2014.

 Laos, there are two major iron ore deposits:
 Phou Nbouan Deposit,
 Pha Lek Deposit.
 Phou Nbouan Deposit is located the northern part of Xiengkhouang
province. This deposit comprises mostly magnetite of 70% Fe with
hypothetical reserve of 30,000,000 tons. This are estimated to have a
hypothetical reserve of about 70 million.
 Pha Lek Deposit is located at SSW of Khoune district Saysomboun
Special Zone. It is divided into 8 occurrences of iron ore.

 Philippines, Iron ore one of the Philippines’ largest mineral deposits, is
not being extracted at present. This was due to the higher cost of
production, making the local prices of iron not competitive to world
prices.
 However, exploration for possible mining sites is still being done. In
1989, there was an addition of 10.1 million MT in total reserves.
 Several mining areas explored in 1992 were found positive with iron,
resulting in a huge increase in ore reserves of 298.6 million MT, with a
metal content of 124.0 million MT.

 In Thailand, Phu Ang is the largest iron reserve in
Thailand.Thai Government (the Department of Primary
Industries and Mines) mine iron ore at Phu Ang (at Loei, in
northeast Thailand).
 According to magnetic surveys conducted by Department of
Mineral Resources, total iron ore reserves are estimated at
~10.9 million tonnes, with iron content in the 65% - 67% range.

 Myanmar, Over 300 Iron ore occurrences have been recorded in
Myanmar and most of them are of minor importance.The iron ore
deposits of Northern Shan State are residual type.
 At Pang Pet, near Taunggyi , the iron ore deposit is represented by
primary hematite mineralization bounded in two regional fault system in
the Plateau limestone seem skarn type.
 Iron ore deposit at Kathaing Taung, Lamaung of Phakhant and
Taungnyo and Taungkadon of Shwegu area in Kachin state are related
to the ultrabasic rocks.

 Rest of the countries in Southeast Asia such as,
 Singapore
 East Timor
 Brunei
Cambodia
 Vietnam
have no iron ore reserves.

Countries Malaysia Vietnam Indonesia Laos
Philippine
s
Thailand
Iron ore
productio
n
(thousands
tons)
11,588 4,708 4,000 1,459 1,057 334
Figure: Iron ore production in Southeast Asian countries in 2013.
[Source: Wikipedia]

Nickel is a chemical
element with the symbol
Ni and atomic number 28.
It is a silvery-white
lustrous metal with a slight
golden tinge. Nickel
belongs to the transition
metals and is hard and
ductile.
Nickel

 Indonesia, produces about 27 percent of the global nickel
supply.
 Most of Indonesia's proven nickel reserves are located in the
islands of Sulawesi and Halmahera, and the country has the
largest annual production and reserves of nickel in the world.
 Indonesia is the largest nickel producer in the world, with
560,000 tonnes of nickel produced in 2018 compared to a
production of 345,000 tonnes in 2017.
Nickel in Southeast Asia

 Philippines, also possess reserves and produce substantial
quantities of nickel.The world’s second-biggest nickel ore
exporter.
 Beginning in 1991, the stock of ore reserves started to decline.
In 1993, the nickel metal production tremendously dropped, the
effect of the slowdown in the international demand for nickel,
coupled with increased production in the earlier years, which
dampened the market price of nickel metal.

 In Myanmar, four nickel deposit areas in Mwe Hill, Webula Hill,
Hakhalay and Nat Hill were found. The discovery represents
110.57 million tonnes of nickel ore.
 Earlier, in Burma, nickel ore was discovered in Tagaung Hill in
Kyaukse Township and Thabeikkyin Township and Mwe Hill in
Chin State.
 Note : Rest of the countries have no nickel reserves.

 Chromium is a chemical element
with the symbol Cr.It is a steely-
grey, lustrous, hard and brittle
transition metal
 Chromium is the main additive in
stainless steel. Chromium is also
highly valued as a metal that is
able to be highly polished while
resisting tarnishing.
Chromium

 Chromium reserves were found in Philippines, Myanmar, and Vietnam.
Other countries have no chromium mines.
 In Philippines, In terms of chromite resources, the Philippines is also one
of the most endowed countries. In fact, the country's refractory chromite
resource in Zambales is considered as one of the largest in the world.
 The Mindanao Chromite Chromium Mine is in The Philippines. Production
output of the Mindanao Chromite Chromium Mine was considered to be
small size. The ore mined is composed of chromite, asbestos and
magnesite. The host rock in this area is serpentinite.
Chromium ores in Southeast Asia

 Myanmar, eight chromite areas in Mwe Hill(Chin state), Webula Hill,
Hakhalay, Nat Hill, Bopibun, Muwelut, Maungtaw Hnamataw and Falam
were found. 38,100 tonnes of chromite were found in Myanmar.
 Chromite deposits are of widespread in Myanmar. They are found as
podiform chromite and residual deposits dispersering near primary
sources.
 Over 40 chromite occurrences are recorded and widespread most part
of the Tagaung Myitkyina belt and western ranges.
Chromium in Southeast Asia

 In Vietnam, The Co Dinh mine is a large mine in the north of
Vietnam in Thanh Hóa Province.
 Co Dinh represents one of the largest chromium reserve in
Vietnam having estimated reserves of 20.8 million tonnes of ore
grading 46% chromium.
Chromium in Southeast Asia

Chromium ore in Southeast Asia
Countries
production of
Chromium
(thousands tonnes)
Year
Vietnam 90,000 2005
Philippines 36,070 2005
Figure: Chromium production in Southeast Asian countries in 2005.
[Source: British Geological Survey, 2001-2005]

Non-ferrous
Metallic
Resources

 In Philippines, Copper mines are - Boyongan mine, Canatuan
mine, Tampakan mine.
 The Philippines is one of the countries with vast amounts of
mineral resources, including copper.
 Among the metallic minerals, the largest reserve is copper,
which is estimated at 4 billion MT, making the Philippines the
fourth largest country in the world in terms of copper reserves.
Copper in Southeast Asia

 In Myanmar, More than 100 occurrences copper mineralization are
occurred but most of them are of minor importance.
 The copper mineralization within the central volcanic are started from
Mt. Popa and passes through lower Chindwin areas where the
volcanics are hosted to the porphyry copper deposits at the Sabe Taunt,
Kiyesing Taunt and Lepadaung Taung, Monywa and continued to the
Kawlin area of the northern part of Myanmar.
 Copper is also found at Mandalay regionSabe Taung and Shan state
as the hydrothermal sources.

 Indonesia, Copper mines are–
Batu Hijau mine, Beutong mine,
Grasberg mine.
The Grasberg mine is the
second largest copper mine in
the world. It is located in the
province of Papua in Indonesia
near Puncak Jaya, the highest
mountain in Papua.
Figure: Copper ore production in
Indonesia in 2017& 2018.
[Source: TRADINGECONOMICS]

 In Laos, PDR geological and mineral reports found 46 of copper
occurrences. They are located in many provinces.
 Copper mines in Laos are–Phu Kham mine,Phua Bia mine,Sepon mine.
 In Sepon deposit gold also found.
Copper has become the most commonly mined commodity in Laos
since the government moved to promote foreign investment in the
mineral extraction industry in 2000.

 In Malaysia, Mamut Mine is an abandoned open-pit quarry mine located in
the Ranau District of Sabah, Malaysia where from 1975 to 1999 various
minerals primarily copper including some gold and silver were mined.
 The mine is known as Malaysia's only copper mine where it is also become
the attention of the public due to the immense legacy towards the environment.
 copper continued to contribute to the mining sector in the early 1970s.
Malaysia no longer produces copper because the country's only copper mine
the Mamut Mine ceased operations in October 1999.

Countries
production of Copper
(thousands tonnes)
Indonesia 10,63,849
Myanmar 34,500
Laos 30,500
Philippines 16,320
Vietnam 3,100
[Source: British Geological Survey, 2001-2005]
Figure: Copper production in Southeast Asian countries in 2005.

 Indonesia was one of the world's four major tin producers country.
 Tin ore production was centered on Bangka Island, part of Sumatera
Selatan Province. New exploration was planned in 1989 on Sumatra
and offshore Bangka Island.
 Indonesia is a member of the Association of Tin Producing Countries.
 In the late 1980s, Indonesia exported 80 percent of its tin production.
Official proven reserves of tin were 740 million tons.
Tin in Southeast Asia

 Malaysia, In 1883 was the largest tin producer county in the world.Until the
late 1970s, Malaysia was the world's premier producer of tin, supplying some
40 per cent of the world's tin.Malaysia is the world top ten producers for
refined tin, rare earths and mined tin.
 In 1979, Malaysia produced almost 63,000 tons of tin, accounting for 31% of
world's output.
 Tin deposit spreads across western Peninsular Malaysia, particularly the
Kinta Valley in Perak.
 In 1989, the Malaysian Tin Products Manufacturers' Association was
established to promote and protect the downstream business of tin industry in
the country.

 In 2014, Myanmar (Burma) confounded industry analysts by
emerging to become the World's third biggest tin producer,
experiencing a 5-year tin production increase of ca. 4900%.
 The countries tin deposits run from northern Shan and Mandalay
States to Myanmar's Tanintharyi region.
 The Myanmar production increase came from a new mine site in
Wa State, and not from the traditional tin-producing areas in the
South.

 In Thailand, Tin have been regarded as the main productive
minerals of the country.
 Pilok mine, The Phuket, Phangnga, Takua Pa is the tin fields in
Thailand.
Tin was the leading mineral. The existence of tin in the area of
present-day Thailand was known at least by the thirteenth
century

 In Vietnam, Tin ore has been mined in Vietnam since 1902 for
use as an alloy with copper. The first tin mines were at Vu Nong
and the region of Pia Vac (Cao Bang Province).
 Other areas where tin is found are near Tam Dao, northern
Thai Nguyen and Tuyen Quang; Quy Hop (Nghe An); and near
Da Lạt (Lam Dang).

 In Laos, There are 33 tin occurrences in the country. Almost of tin mines
were conducted in secondary tin deposits.
 Tin mines are– Nong Xun mine, Phon Tiou mine.
 In the area of Nam Pathene valley in Khan Mouanr Province was
estimated ore reserve of possible 65,000 tons containing 0.5-7 percent tin.
 Today some prospects start to mine in a primary deposit. Although Lao
PDR found quite a number of tin deposits in but some of them have not yet
deeply investigated and exploited.

Countries
production of Tin ore
(In tonnes)
Indonesia 1,20,00
Vietnam 3,500
Malaysia 2,857
Myanmar 500
Laos 600
[Source: British Geological Survey]
Figure: Tin production in Southeast Asia in 2005.

 Indonesia's one Bauxite mine is– Bintan Island mine.Total bauxite
reserves of 396 million tons were found in the Bintan Island area and in
Kalimantan Barat Province.
 Bauxite was being mined in the early 1990s by P.T. Aneka Tambang on
Bintan Island and three neighboring islands, and most bauxite was
exported to Japan.
 The Department of Mining and Energy had been seeking an interested
foreign partner to develop a US$600 million facility on Bintan Island since
the late 1980s.
Bauxite in Southeast Asia

 Malaysia produced Bauxite in Johor and Pahang.
 In 2012, the annual production of bauxite was 117,232 tons.
 In 2016, the Malaysian government bans bauxite mining activities until
end of the year due to environmental damage and water contamination in
Kuantan.
 Bauxite mining is not known to most Malaysian except recently due to
environmental pollution issues in Kuantan, Pahang. Potential impacts are
expected to go beyond physical environment and physical illness if the
situation is not controlled.

 In Vietnam, According to the United States Geological Survey, Vietnam is estimated to
hold the world's third-largest bauxite ore reserves, after Guinea and Australia.
 The majority of Vietnam's reserves are located in the Central Highlands (Tây Nguyên)
and have only been minimally mined. Bauxite is typically strip mined and is used to
produce aluminum.
 According to estimates by Vietnam's Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam's reserves in
the Central Highlands amount to 5.4 billion tons. Despite its large reserves, Vietnam
produces only 30,000 tons of bauxite per year.
 In November 2010, Nguyen Tan Dung, the prime minister of Vietnam, announced that
Vietnam's bauxite deposits might total 11,000 Mt; this would be the largest in the world.

 Laos PDR has been reported to the meeting in mining
and primary industry corporation at 2nd December,
2004 at Chiang Mai, Thailand that in Champassack,
Xekong and Louang Namtha may be found bauxite
deposits in area of 7,000 square Kilometers.
 Bauxite mineral group is a major sources of Aluminium.

Countries
Bauxite production
(In tonnes)
Indonesia 10,81,739
Vietnam 20,000
Malaysia 4,735
Figure: Tin production in Southeast Asia in 2005.

 Gold is fairly widely, though irregularly, distributed throughout Southeast
Asia in igneous and metamorphic hard rock deposits and in sedimentary
placer deposits.
 Luzon and Mindanao in the Philippines, the Barisan mountain range in
west Sumatra, western Borneo, Timor, parts of the Malaysian and Thai
Peninsula, northern Burma, north and central Vietnam, Laos, northwest
Cambodia in the Oddar Meanchey province, near Banteay Chhmar, its
north-central area, in the Preah Vihear province in Rovieng district, and in
the northeast in Rattanakiri province have all acquired a reputation as gold
producers at one time or another, and the majority of these still produce
small amounts of placer gold.
Gold in Southeast Asia

Figure: Gold Map of Southeast Asia.

 Indonesia is the largest gold producer county among other Southeast
Asian countries.The gold mines in this country are– Ponkor mine,
Grasberg mine etc.
 Most gold production officially reported in government statistics was a
byproduct of Freeport Indonesia's copper mining.
 In 1989 total official gold production was about 6,000 kilograms, of which
about 4,000 kilograms was extracted by Freeport Indonesia with a 15,000
kilogram production expected by the end of 1992.
 However, a large number of small-scale mining operations in Kalimantan
may have produced as much as 18,000 kilograms of gold in 1989. Many of
these small mines were operated illegally on foreign concessions.

 Philippines, Mining for gold in the Philippines is not an easy endeavor.
Even so, the country is home to many producers and exploration
companies.
 Canatuan mine is a gold mine in Philippines.
 Mining gold in Philippines is difficult. As a result, the Philippines is far from
the heaviest player in the gold space but it’s clear that the nation does play
a role in producing gold.
 The Philippines was ranked 24th in terms of global gold production in
2018, producing 36.8 tonnes of the precious metal.

Figure: Extraction of Gold Reserves in Ore Form 1988-1994 in
Philippines. (in Million Metric Tons)
[Source: Philippines Statistics Authority]

 In Laos, PDR the investigation of gold is not yet well developed.
There are only some area have detail of gold information.
 However, a lot of gold occurrences have been found in many part of
the country.
 Gold in Sanakham and Sangthong districts, Vientiane province and
Vientiane Municipality is estimated at 36,000 ounces by Newmont
company.

 Vietnam has nearly 500 accident prone gold mines and verified
reserves totaling 300 tons in 30 of the deposits.
 Most of gold mines are located in northern mountainous provinces
including Hoa Binh, Thai Nguyen, Bac Can, Cao Bang and Lang Son.
 Vietnam should establish a gold complex with annual gold production
capacity of one ton in the Doi Bu area in Hoa Binh. The Na Pai area in
Lang Son has an estimated gold reserve of 30 tons.
 But the country finds it hard to exploit gold there, since the exploitation
requires complex technologies. Now, all gold exploiting businesses in
the northern mountainous region have stopped operation.

 In Malaysia, major gold mines are in Pahang, amely Penjom,
Raub and Selinsing, as well as some minor areas in Kelantan
and Terengganu.
 In 2011, the annual production of gold was 4,219 kg. As of
2012, there are active 15 gold mines.
 In Cambodia, Mamang Gold Mine is one of the famous tourist
spot and also an excursion area.

 Myanmar has more than 300 gold occurrences. Gold depositsare classiﬁed
as either primary or alluvial types .
 Gold deposits are located in six main geologicalassociations/tectonic belts in
Myanmar. More than 30 active gold mines in the mining towns of Sinktu and
Thabait Kyin in the Mandalay division.
 Previously, Myanmar produced just 100 kg of gold each year. But many gold
miners are suffering from lung diseases due to inadequate equipment and
antiquated practices.
 The government once owned all of the country’s gold mines, but following the
fall of the junta in 2011, many of the mines were sold off to private owners.

Countries Indonesia
Philippine
s
Laos Malaysia Thailand Vietnam
Gold
productio
n
(Kilograms)
1,42,894 37,490 6,232 4,249 4,393 3,000
Figure: Gold production in Southeast Asian countries in 2005.

Non-metallic
Mineral
Resources

 In Thailand, Gemstones (sapphire and ruby) were derived
from Cenozoic basic volcanic. Besides, spinal, quartz,
chalcedony, tektite and petrified woods are also important as
precious stone.
 The well-known productive areas of gems in Thailand are
Chantaburi and Trat provinces in eastern region.
 Others are Kanchanaburi in the west, Phrae and Chiang Rai in
the north as well as Sri Saket and Ubon Ratchathani in the
northeast.
Gemstone in Southeast Asia

 In Indonesia, Most coal reserves were located in southern Sumatra and eastern
and southern Kalimantan. Total measured reserves were 4.2 billion tons, with an
additional 12.9 billion tons classified as inferred reserves and 15 billion tons of
hypothetical reserves. (countrystudies)
 The coal mines are– Sebuku, Ombilin, Senakin, Ponkor, Sangatta, Satui
Batulicin, Asam-asam mine.
 Coal production declined in the 1970s because of increasing use of subsidized
petroleum fuels.
 Total coal production rose steadily in the 1980s to reach 11 million tons in 1990.
Coal in Southeast Asia

 In Philippines, Coal mining has a long history dating back to the 1800s. The
Philippines consumes more coal than it can produce and coal is the main
source of electricity.
 20% of the country's coal supply is used by the cement industry (in 2005). As
of 31 September 2005, the in situ coal reserves of the Philippines amounts to
458 million metric tons. (Wikipedia)
 75% of the country's coal supply is imported.
 Semirara Mining Corporation is the largest coal producer in the country whose
primary mine is Panian mine in Semirara Island. The company accounts for
92% of the country's coal production according to the Department of Energy.

 Malaysia, Major coal reseres in Malaysia are mostly located in
Sabah and Sarawak with smaller reserves in Perak, Perlis and
Selangor.
 The Labuan coal field produced coal starting 1848 until 1912.
 As of 1986, coal reserve in Malaysia was 965 million tons in
which mostly are bituminous coal.n 2012, the annual production
of coal was 2.9 million tons.
 The total known coal area is 5,823 km2.

 In Thailand, Coal and oil shale are often found in the Tertiary
basins which are quite extensive, especially in the northern and
western parts of Thailand.
 Large volumes of coal have been found within several
intermontane basins.
 Many of lignite deposits have already been developed such as
at Mae Moh, Lampang province and in Krabi province in
peninsular Thailand.

 In Vietnam, Ke Bao coal mine (Van Yen commune, Van Don
district) was identified as the first coal mine in Vietnam. Coal
mining in Vietnam in Dong Trieu began in 1840.
 Main coal basin is n Quang Minh. Number of coal mine is
above 40.
 The production of coal is 45 million tons (2012) according to
Institute of Mining Science And Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.

 In Laos, coal is considered as an fuel
mineral for industrial development as
it can produce electricity, metallurgy
and industrial sector products.
 In Laos has two major type of coal as
Anthracite and Lignite.

 In Myanmar, over 510 coal
occurrences recorded mainly
in tertiary basin of the central
Cenozoic belt and late tertiary
intermontane basins
developed within the Shan-
thai block.
[Source: Geology & Mineral
Resources of Myanmar]

 Indonesia's oil production was formally governed by a quota allocation
from OPEC. At the March 1991 OPEC ministerial meeting, Indonesia's
quota was set at 1.445 million barrels per day, below the country's
estimated production capacity of 1.7 million barrels per day.
 About 70 percent of Indonesia's annual oil production was exported on
average during the late 1980s.
 Indonesia's oil industry is one of the oldest in the world.
 Indonesian oil was almost 4 percent of total world production by 1911.
Petroleum in Southeast Asia

 The Philippines holds 138,500,000 barrels of proven oil reserves as of
2016, ranking 64th in the world and accounting for about 0.0% of the
world's total oil reserves of 1,650,585,140,000 barrels.
 The Philippines consumes 429,000 barrels per day (B/d) of oil as of the
year 2016.
 The Philippines produces 33,258.00 barrels per day of oil (as of 2016)
ranking 71st in the world.
 The Philippines imports 52% of its oil consumption (222,133 barrels per
day in 2016). [worldmeter.info]

Figure: Philipines Oil Consumption and Production (barrels
perday).

 Brunei is the third-largest oil producer in Southeast Asia, averaging
about 180,000 barrels per day (29,000 m3/d).
 Since the discovery of the Seria field in 1929, Brunei has forged an
enduring partnership with Royal Dutch Shell, a relationship that reaches
back more than 90 years. From its humble beginnings, Brunei Shell
Petroleum (BSP) is now the largest oil and gas company in the
Sultanate, boasting a diverse and highly qualified workforce of around
4,000 employees and more than 20,000 contractors.

 Thailand, There are many petroleum fields in Thailand both
onshore and offshore. Including,
–3 fields in Northeastern such as Nam Phong,Phu Horm,
– 1 fields in Northern( MAE SOON oil field in Chiang Mai province),
– 4 fields in central (Sirikit oil gas field(S1) in Kumphaeng Phet, Uthong oil
field in Suphanburi province and Kam phaeng Saen oil field in
nakornsawan province, Wi chian oil field in Petchabun province) and
– 4 fields in gulf of Thailand( Tantawan oil gas field, Nang Nual oil field) with
total production rate about 28,350 bbl/day and 596 MMscf/day.

Natural Gas in Southeast Asia
 Indonesia was the world's largest producer and exporter of liquefied natural gas.
 After several expansions, the total capacity had reached 22.6 million tons per
year by 1990. Exports of liquefied natural gas in 1990 were 20.6 million tons,
valued at US$3.7 billion.
 Natural gas reserves were estimated in 1990 at 67.5 trillion standard cubic feet
of proven reserves and 12 trillion standard cubic feet of probable reserves.
 Growing domestic and export demand encouraged plans for the development of
the Natuna gas field, the nation's largest field, located in the South China Sea
northeast of the Natuna Islands

 Thailand, Natural gas fields are as follows–
— Nam Phong natural gas field in Khon Kaen province
— Dong Moon natural gas field in Kalasin province
— Phu Horm natural gas field in Udonthani
— Erawan natural gas field
— Bongkot gas field etc.

Brunei Darussalam holds 9.20 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven
gas reserves as of 2017, ranking 35th in the world and accounting
for about 0.133% of the world's total natural gas reserves of 6,923
Tcf.
 Brunei Darussalam exports 68% of its natural gas production
(300,884 MMcf in 2015).[worldmeter.info]
 Brunei Darussalam produces 439,671.75 million cubic feet (MMcf)
of natural gas per year (as of 2015) ranking 42nd in the world.

[Source: worldmeter.info]

 Vietnam holds 25 trillion cubic feet
(Tcf) of proven gas reserves as of
2017, ranking 29th in the world and
accounting for about 0% of the world's
total natural gas reserves of 6,923 Tcf.
 Vietnam produces 365,157.10 million
cubic feet (MMcf) of natural gas per
year (as of 2015) ranking 45th in the
world.
 Vietnam does not import nor exports
any natural gas (as of 2015).

Conclusion
 So, South East Asian countries have abandonrd
mineral resources which helps to develope their
economic conditions by exporting surplus mineral
resources.

https://psa.gov.ph/content/mineral-resources1
https://www.britannica.com/place/Asia/Economy2
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Malaysia3
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mines_in_Indonesia4
http://www.dmr.go.th/main.php?filename=Mineral_re_En5
https://malaysianminerals.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=v
iew&id=62&Itemid=89
6
Reference

South east asia minerals & energy resources

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