This document provides information on the anatomy of the thigh region. It describes the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle, adductor canal, and muscles of the thigh. It also discusses femoral nerve palsy, hamstring strain, and various conditions that can affect the femoral artery including aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, atherosclerosis, and fractures.

1. MARIA
MEDICAL STUDENT
TSMU

2.  superior & anterior – Inguinal ligament
 superior & posterior – Fold of buttock
 inferior – Base of patella
Two vertical lines from lateral epicondyles &
medial epicondyles divide thigh into two regions:
* anterior region
* posterior region

3.  Extensor compartments(anterior group)
- flex the femur at hip & extend the
leg at knee
 Flexor compartments(posterior group)
- extend the thigh & flex the leg
 Adductor compartments(medial group)
- adduct the thigh
seperated by fascia

4. (1) a SPACE between inguinal lig & hipbone
is divided into 2 parts by ilio-pectinal arch :
* muscular lacuna – contain iliopsoas
muscle & femoral nerve
* vascular lacuna – transmit femoral
vessels

5. (2) FEMORAL RING
peritoneum may be pushed or
drawn through the femoral ring to form
FEMORAL HERNIA.
- common in adults than in children
- in children do occur with connective
tissue disorder or with increase in intra-
abdominal pressure
- femoral ring then forms femoral canal

7.  boundaries :
superior – ingiunal ligament
medial – adductor longus muscles
lateral – sartotius muscle
 floor – iliopsoas muscle,
pectineus muscle
adductor longus muscle
 roof – fascia latae
 contents – femoral nerve,
femoral artery, femoral vein &
lymphatics.

8. 4) ADDUCTOR CANAL
Contain:
nerve to vastus medialis,
saphenous nerve,
obturator nerve
femoral artery & vein
deep lymph vessels
5) MUSCLES:
 iliopsoas musle
 Sartorius
 Quadriceps mucle
* rectus femoris
* vastus lateralis
* vastus intermedialis
* vastus medialis

9. FEMORAL ARTERY
- superficial circumflex iliac artery
- superficial epigastric artery
- superficial external pudental
artery
- deep external pudental artery
- deep femoral artery
- lateral femoral circumflex artery
- medial femoral circumflex artery
Innervated by FEMORAL NERVE

10. MUSCLES:
 Gracilis muscle
 Adductor longus
 Adductor brevis
 Adductor magnus
 Pectineus muscle

11. BLOOD SUPPLY:
- obturator artery
- deep femoral artery
INNERVATION:
- obturator nerve
- tibial division of sciatic nerve
(to ischio-condylar portion of adductor
magnus)

12. MUSCLES:
Hamstrings
* Biceps femoris
a) long head
b) short head
* Semi-tendinosus
* Semi-membranosus
* mall part of Adductor magnus

13. BLOOD SUPPLY:
- Perforating arteries of dep femoral artery
- Gluteal arteries
INNERVATION:
- Tibial division of sciatic nerve
- common Fibular div of sciatic nerve except
short head of biceps femoris

14.  Mono-neuropathy – damage to femoral nerve.
* It is caused by trauma, prolonged pressure on the
nerve or compression of the nerve by nearby parts or
pelvic bone fracture.
* Prolonged pressure in the nerve decreases blood flow
in the area
* Damage to femoral nerve cause both sensory
disturbance(pain) & motor weakness of quadriceps and
iliopsoas muscle
* Damage causes pain around knee, front/side of the
thigh, numbness, loss of knee jerk reflex, weakness of
hip-flexion and knee extension

15. * When quadricep muscle is affected then there is
diminished or absent of knee jerk reflex

16.  caused by Circumflex femoral vein
thrombosis
 most common injuries seen in sportsmen &
atheletes.
 leads to proximal posterior thigh pain
 due to hamstring stretching( >45degree) &
contraction against resistance.

17.  symptoms are more often
due to other causes, such
as cellulitis, Baker’s cyst,
musculoskeletal injury or
lymphedema.
dignosis include hematoma,
tumors, venous or
arterial aneurysms,or
connective tissue disorders

18.  Femoral Aneurysm:
- widening of ateries
- occur in older persons
- abnormal swirling of blood
within aneurysm sac,
- blood clot usually found
along the wall of aneurysm
- rapture of aneurysm leads
to internal bleeding of thigh
- both aneurysm & blood clot
need amputation

19.  Femoral Pseudo-aneurysm:
- is a type of bubble on the femoral artery
due to a penetrating injury of the artery
- opening in the femoral artery leads to
leakage of blood from the femoral
artery(hematoma)
- this hematoma develops wall around it
& liquefies and forms pulsating bubble
- rapture of this cause internal bleeding
or loss of limb

20. - common penetrating
injuries of femoral artery
occurs during cardiac
catherisation performed
through the femoral artery

21.  Atherosclerosis( femoral artery blockage):
- narrowing of artery
- due to deposition of fat , calcium,
cholesterol on the walls of arteries
- that forms plagues that narrows the arterial
walls & reduces their
flexibility
- found in persons
with hypertension

22. Transverse fracture:
- the break is a straight horizontal
line going across the femoral shaft.
Oblique fracture:
- fracture has an angled line across
the shaft.
Spiral fracture:
- fracture line encircles the shaft like
the stripes on a candy cane
- a twisting force to the thigh causes
this type of fracture.

23. Comminuted fracture:
- bone has broken into three or more
pieces
- the number of bone fragments
corresponds with the amount of force required to
break the bone.
Open fracture:
- bone breaks in such a way that bone
fragments pieres out through the skin or a wound
penetrates down to the broken bone
- Open fractures involve more damage to the
surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments
- have higher risk for infections
- take a longer time to heal.