Information and communication Technologypart2

Information and Communication
Technology
2/14/2021
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INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
Chapter 1 - Part 2
Conducted by
Manjula Fernando
B.Sc.(Hons) in Information Technology, SLIIT
Former Software Engineer , hSenid Business Solutions Pvt(Ltd)
Software Quality Assurance Engineer, hSenid Business Solutions Pvt(Ltd)
Former Visiting Lecturer (HND Courses) , IDM Computer Studies Pvt(Ltd)
Application of ICT
 Educational
 Health
 Agricultural Industry
 Farm Management
 Fishing Industry
 Manufacturing Industry
 Robots
 Transport Sector
 Entertainment
Conducted by Manjula Fernando - B.Sc.(Hons) in Information Technology, SLIIT
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Applications in the field of education
 Days are gone when we were stuck among lots of books in order to collect the
required information.
 Today you have the luxury to see and gain knowledge about the entire world at your
own convenience, due to all the advancements of ICT.
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 Ways the ICT helps for education purposes
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ICT
Possibility if higher
education for everyone
Ability to learn at any
place.
Learning Management
Serving as a teaching aid
for the teacher.
In the Class Room

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 Possibility if higher education for everyone
 Development of the ICT, students can join/connect with universities
or with any other learning centres anywhere in the world and also
can be follow considerably low cost.
 This is called Online Distance Learning.
 Features of Distance Learning:
 Within a flexible time frame, provide the facility to learn
 Digital library facility on joining a course.
 Online assignments and quizes.
 Contact with a teacher online.
 Easy to obtain teacher consultations.
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 Ability to learn at any place.
 If you have a computer with internet connection, you can study
while at home or any other suitable place.
 You can contact with a teacher/trainer via internet.
 This is called WBT (Web based Training).
 While you can do further studies using WBT, it helps in minimizing
the difficulties of travelling and related expenses also.
 At the same time, it helps save time and money.
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 Learning Management
 Nowadays, in most of countries use the Learning Management System
to manage school system and higher education system.
 We need an internet connection to link with the LMS.
 A person has to register himself/herself on the official website to access
LMS of a school or any other educational institution.
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Learning
Management
System
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 Serving as a teaching aid for the teacher.
 ICT can be used mostly as a teaching utility in schools.
 Using pictures, animations and audio-visuals to explain subjects
that are difficult to explain.
 To make the lessons interesting using electronic presentations.
 To organize lessons using the computer.
 To obtain information relevant to the subjects.
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 In the Class Room
 There are many ways the computer and the internet are used
for education in the classroom:
 For presentations
 Videos on experiments
 Creation of images and video
 Desktop publishing of magazines, letters and documents
 Educational games (Edutainment)
 Learning using the CD-ROM media
 Gathering educational information on the internet
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Applications in the field of Health
 Many of the difficult processes in the medical field have become efficient
with through the use of modern equipment.
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There are surgical
devices with cameras
which can record the
surgical procedures
while surgery is
carried out.
Devices and
appliances which are
used in the practical
training of doctors and
nurses.
Devices used to
analyze store and print
medical records.
 There are plenty of areas where ICT is used in the health sector for our well- being. Let us
consider some of them.
 Diagnosis -Using this machine three dimensional (3D) images of different parts of the body
can be made. These images are helpful in the diagnosis of diseases.
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 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Machine) -This machine can create
digitalized images of internal organs of the body by using strong magnetic
fields and radio waves.
 ECG - Electrocardiogram Machine - This machine is used to monitor the
heart beat. When the heart pumps blood to different parts of the body
some electrical impulses are produced.
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 Telemedicine –
 The use of Information
Communication Technology to
examine and or provide
healthcare to a patient who is
far away from the hospital is
called Telemedicine.
 This is made possible by
remotely connecting the
patient with hospital’s specialist
unit or specialist doctors.
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 Advantages of Telemedicine
 Emergency Telemedicine
 Home health medicine
 Telemedicine Consultation
 Telesurgery (Remote Surgery)
 Medical Tele training
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Applications in the field of Agricultural
Industry
 ICT has created a new revolution in the field of agriculture.
 Today ICT is widely used in agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries
industries.
 A range of automatic machines are available today to ease the work of
the farmer who worked hard in the field.
 These machines not only ease the work of a farmer but also enables him to
produce high quality yields.
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Industry
 These are some devices that used in
agriculture fields
 Meteorological Devices
Assessing the weather, climatic changes,
rainfall, wind direction etc.
Such data are useful in deciding on the crop
cultivation and harvesting times.
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Industry
 Automated Insect Control
 With the help of this device we can minimize the harmful
effects caused by insects.
 It displays on screen the direction and the density of insect
population, its growth and movement.
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Industry
 Field conditions measuring devices
 Measuring various parameters such as fertility and humidity levels of soil which
aid in the determination of cultivation activities.
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Industry
 Drip irrigation
 These devices control the supply of water as per the data fed.
 Wastage of water and destruction of crops due to lack of water supply are
minimized by the use of these devices.
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Industry
 Automatic Weed remover
 This machine runs through the field and removes the weeds as per instructions
provided by identifying crops and weeds separately.
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Industry
 Seedlings planter using Robotics
 These robotic machines are used in large fields to carry seedlings across the field
and to plant them in an orderly manner.
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Industry
 Crop harvesting using Robots
 Robotic machines are used to monitor plant growth levels, record them and
harvesting in large scale farm lands.
 These machines help us overcome difficulties in managing large farm lands.
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Industry
 Greenhouse
 The Greenhouse is the best solution to protect crops from natural disasters (too
much sun shine, rain, heat, cold, pests, epidemics etc).
 ICT is used to control light, moisture and air inside the greenhouse.
 Hence, farmers are able to make high quality products of rare crops to the
market.
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ICT in management of farmhouse
 RFID – Radio Frequency Identification Device
 The RFID help in identifying and counting the number of animals and also in
locating the animals in a large area.
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 Automated milking and examination of cows
 This automated machine is helpful in monitoring the health status of the cows,
milking and the quality of milk.
 For Security (Closed Circuit TV CCTV)
 CCTV is employed to protect farm from the animals and thieves.
 When the cameras are connected by Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) the farm can be
monitored far away from the farm.
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 .
• Farm Management
• Today’s farmer uses various
computer applications in
portable computers such as
laptops, tabs, smart phones to
keep track of information on his
farm; to calculate profits and
losses, to save employees salary
details etc.
• Using this portable device
which has internet connectivity,
he is capable of monitoring the
market rates, get updated on
latest business information and
exchange information
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In Fishing Industry
 Sensors are placed in different parts of the sea.
 These sensors convey information on fish concentration in the sea to the
computers in fishing trawlers via internet.
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ICT in Manufacturing Industry and
Business
 In the past years, human labour was needed highly in this industry.
 Today most of the work performed by the human hands are performed by
robots.
 ICT is used in manufacturing
 high quality products produced
 reduce the cost of production by minimizing the use of human labour in many
industries and businesses.
 When high quality products are manufactured at low cost
 people can buy good quality products at a relatively low price.
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24 hour service, Never get tired, Efficiency, Accuracy, Cleanness
Business
 Video Conferencing
 Geographically separated to convene face to face meetings while in at their own
premises.
 The advantages
 Convening at a special venue is unnecessary
 saves time, effort and cost spend on travelling.
 Human Resource Management
 Keep track of employee details and recording their movements
 Advantages
 Recording employee details accordingly
 Preparing salaries
 Keep recording of their leave and roster schedules
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Business
 e-Banking System
 e-Banking has helped both the business community and all of us to do convenient
banking.
 Advantages
 Withdraw and deposit cash from ATM
 If there is an internet connection with us we can do onboard transactions too
 Pay bills, checking transactions using mobile phones if we are registered
 Online Shopping
 Foreign or local company to sell its products or services and the ability for a consumer
to buy goods and services via internet.
 Advantages
 Open 24 hours
 Can use electronic payment methods
 Delivering home means, it save our time , cost and avoid unnecessary travel related
exhaustion.
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ICT in Transport
 We can quote some of the systems which are used to enhance the road
traffic by minimizing traffic jams.
 Closed Circuit TV (CCTV)
 Monitoring the road traffic
 Accidents, illegal activities and take appropriate actions accordingly.
 Traffic Light Control System
 These lights help in minimizing accidents by controlling the vehicle traffic and
pedestrians.
 Parking identification placard
 When the vehicle comes close to the gate of the parking space, the sensors
read the placard and only open the gates if the vehicle is already pre-registered.
 Due to its quick processing ability, this automated system also helps to avoid
building up of traffic at the gate.
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ICT in Entertainment
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Disadvantages of ICT
 Not only does ICT help us as enabler to perform our day today activities, it
has become a close companion also.
 Addiction –unnecessary use of computer or who plays games on internet
without a limit,
 may lose the track of education and/or end up with diseases such as sore eyes,
back pain, headache etc.
 Building unsuitable friendships through social media.
 When the computer is infected by virus due to improper use of internet, it
may not function properly or go out of order.
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Disadvantages of ICT
 Mental disorders may affect a person causing harm to himself/herself and
to society by visiting improper websites.
 Publishing of distorted photographs and videos of individuals affecting their
personal lives.
 Obesity (Over weight) due to less exercise
 Isolation
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Evolution of the Computer – 1st Gen
 First generation
 Vacuum tubes were used- basic arithmetic operations took few milliseconds.
 Bulky
 Consume more power with limited performance.
 High cost.
 Uses assembly language- to prepare programs. These were translated into
machine level language for execution.
 Punched cards and paper tape were invented to feed programs and data and
to get results.
 Magnetic tape/magnetic drum was used as secondary memory.
 Mainly used for scientific computations
 Machine language and Assembly language
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 Punched cards and paper tape were invented to feed programs and data and
to get results.
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Punched Card
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Evolution of the Computer – 2nd Gen
 Second Generation
 Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes.
 Small in size
 Lesser power consumption and better performance.
 Lower cost.
 Magnetic tapes and magnetic disks were used as secondary memory.
 Separate input-output processors were developed that could operate in parallel
with CPU.
 Punched cards continued during this period also.
 Programming language use of Assembly Language
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Evolution of the Computer – 3rd Gen
 In this generation remote processing, time-sharing, multi-programming
operating system High-level languages were used.
 Features
 IC used
 More reliable in comparison to previous two generations
 Smaller size
 Generated less heat
 Faster
 Costly
 High-level
 Birth of Operating Systems (OS)
 Well developed Programming languages
 High level computer languages for coding
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Evolution of the Computer – 3rd Gen
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Evolution of the Computer – 4th Gen
 Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
 Very cheap
 Portable and reliable
 Very small size
 No AC required
 Concept of internet was introduced
 Computers became easily available
 OS with GUI
 (Graphical User
 Interface)
 ² UNIX OS
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 VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology,
resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million
electronic components.
 parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software
 Development of true artificial intelligence (simulation of human intelligence
in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their
actions.)
 Development of Natural language processing (subdivision of artificial
intelligence that helps computers understand, interpret and manipulate
human language.)
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 Development in Parallel Processing
 Development in Superconductor technology
 Superconducting circuits allow for faster computer
performance.
 Innovators at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory have used
superconductive magnets to levitate mice in zero gravity
experiments.
 Superconductivity has the potential to allow for very efficient
high voltage long distance power transmission.
 More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
 Availability of very powerful and compact computers at
cheaper rates
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