MG Ki Paathshala - Profit, Loss & Discount - Class 8

PROFIT, LOSS &
DISCOUNT
Class - 8

Introduction
Since the history of time, man has engaged in trading. Trading refers to an activity of buying and
selling of items. People who trade are called traders or merchants.
The primary objective of trading is to make profits. But sometimes, a trade results in a loss.
To understand this better, let us look at the concept of Cost Price and Selling Price.
The price at which an item is purchased is called Cost Price (CP).
The price at which an item is sold is called Selling Price (SP).
 When SP>CP, then it is Profit or Gain [you sold at a price more than purchase]
 When SP<CP, then it is Loss [you sold at a price less than purchase]
Therefore ,
 PROFIT = SP – CP
 LOSS = CP – SP
 SP = CP + PROFIT
 SP = CP – LOSS
For example, if a man buys a watch at Rs 100 and sells the same at Rs 110, the SP is greater than CP.
Hence he had profit.
CP = 100
SP = 110
Profit = SP – CP = 110 – 100 = Rs 10
But if the same man buys the watch at Rs 100 and sells it at Rs 90, the SP is less than CP. Hence he
had loss.
Loss = CP – SP = 100 – 90 = 10
If a woman sells a purse at Rs 100 and sells it in a way that she makes a profit of Rs 20, the cost
price could be easily deduced.
CP = SP – Profit = 100 – 20 = Rs 80
Going forward, Profit will be denoted by P and Loss by L.

% Profit or Loss
Sometimes, absolute profit or loss does not express how good or bad a transaction is. In order to
understand that same, we calculate % Profit or Loss.
% Profit =
𝐏∗𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐂𝐏
% Loss =
𝐋∗𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐂𝐏
For example, if a pen is bought at Rs 20 and sold at Rs 24, % profit can be easily calculated.
CP = 20, SP = 24
P = SP – CP = 24 – 20 = 4
% Profit =
P∗100
CP
=
4∗100
20
= 20%
If the same pen is bought at Rs 20 and sold at Rs 16,
CP = 20, SP = 16
L = CP – SP = 20 – 16 = 4
% Loss =
L∗100
CP
=
4∗100
20
= 20%
Calculating Selling price if % Profit or % Loss is given
If a man buys a horse at Rs 500 and sells the same at 10% profit, the selling price can be easily
calculated.
Cp = 500, % Profit = 10%
Profit = CP * % Profit = 500 + 10% of 500 = 500 + 50 = Rs 550
Hence SP = CP + Profit = Rs 550
Similarly, if in the transaction, there would have been a loss of 10%

Then, Loss = CP * % Loss = 500 * 10% = Rs 50
Hence SP = CP – Loss = 500 – 50 = Rs 450
To make mathematical calculations, % profit or % loss is denoted by R.
When there is profit, SP = CP + R % of CP hence SP = CP∗ (1 +
R
100
)
When there is loss, SP = CP – R % of CP hence SP = CP∗ (1 −
R
100
)
Hence,
SP = 𝐂𝐏 ∗ (𝟏 ±
𝐑
𝟏𝟎𝟎
)
By simple maths,
CP = (
𝐒𝐏
𝟏±
𝐑
𝟏𝟎𝟎
)
When Rate of Profit is given then (1 +
R
100
) is taken , When Rate of loss is given (1 −
R
100
)is taken.
NOTE : Overhead Expenses are added with CP.
So , Actual CP = CP + Overhead Expenses.
NOTE : PROFIT and GAIN are the same and interchangeable terms.
Practice
1. A man buys an article for Rs 800 and Sells it in Rs 1000. What is his Gain% or Loss%?
Here SP >CP , so there is Gain.
Gain = SP – CP = 1000 – 800= 200
% Gain = (
Gain×100
CP
) = (
200 ×100
800
)= 25%

2. A Shopkeeper buys an article for Rs460 and Sells it for Rs 448.50. What is his % gain/loss?
Here CP > SP , so there is Loss.
Loss = CP – SP = 460 – 448.50 = 11.50
%Loss = (
Loss ×100
CP
)= (
11.50 ×100
460
) = 2.5 %
3. A Shopkeeper buys an article for Rs 680 and spends Rs 50 in transportation. He Sells that
article for Rs 876. Find his Gain% or Loss%
Given, CP = Rs 680. Overhead Expense = Rs 50.
Actual CP = 680 + 50 = 730
Here SP > CP hence there is gain.
Gain = (876– 730) = 146
Thus, % Gain = (
Gain ×100
CP
) = (
146 ×100
730
)= 20 %
4. A man Sells an article for Rs 600, and makes a profit of (
1
5
) of Selling price. Find %Profit.
Given, SP = Rs 600
Profit = (
1
5
) of SP = (
1
5
× 600)= Rs 120
CP = SP – P = 600 – 120 = 480
Thus, % Gain = (
Gain ×100
CP
)= (
120 ×100
480
)= 25%
5. A man sells an article for Rs 360 and makes a Gain of = (
1
5
) of his CP . What is his CP?
Let CP = X
Gain = (
1
5
) of X = (
X
5
)
SP = CP + Gain

or, 360 = ( X +
X
5
)
or, 360 = (
6X
5
)
or, (
6X
5
) = 360
or, X = (
360 ×5
6
)= 300
Thus, CP = Rs 300
6. A Shopkeeper buys an article for Rs 25.50 and sells at 10% Gain . Find the selling price of
the article?
Here , CP = Rs 25.50 , Gain % = 10 %, SP = ?
SP = CP(1 +
R
100
)= 25.50(1 +
10
100
) = 25.50 ×
110
100
= 28.05
Thus, SP = Rs 28.05
It needs to be understood that memorizing formulae is just the beginning. Gradually with more
practice, the student will realize that the formulae are so logical that they don’t need to be
memorized.
We can also calculate SP = 25.50 + 10% of 25.50
= 25.50 +
10
100
× 25.50
= 25.50 +
255
100
= 25.50 + 2.55
= Rs 28.05
7. A man buys an Article for Rs 1600 and due to some reason he sells it at 25% loss. What is
his selling price?
Here , CP = Rs 1600 , Loss = 25%
SP = CP(1 −
R
100
) = 1600(1 −
25
100
)

= 1600 ×
75
100
= Rs 1200
8. A man sells an article at 12
1
2
% Gain. If Selling Price is Rs 765 what is the cost price?
Here , SP = Rs 765 , Gain% =
25
2
% , CP = ?
CP = (
SP
1+
R
100
) = (
765
1+
25
200
) =
765
225
200
= Rs 680
9. A man sells an article at 6.25% Loss. If selling Price is Rs 918.75, what is his Cost Price?
Here , SP = Rs 918.75 , Loss% = 6.25% , CP = ?
CP = (
SP
1−
R
100
) = (
918.75
1−
6.25
200
) =
918.75
93.75
100
= Rs. 980
PRACTICE EXERCISE-1
Find the Gain% or Loss% when,
1. CP = Rs 1600 SP = Rs 2000
2. CP = Rs 1200 SP = Rs 1080
3. CP = Rs 68.40 SP = Rs 54.72
4. CP = Rs 120.80 SP = Rs 84.56
5. CP = Rs 99.90 SP = Rs 109.89
Find the Gain% or Loss% When,
6. CP = Rs 1600, SP = Rs 2000 , OHE (Over Head Expenses) = Rs 200
7. CP = Rs 236.20 , SP = Rs 242.40 , OHE = Rs 3.80
Find SP If ,

8. CP = Rs 2400, %P = 10%
9. CP = Rs 20,000, %P = 15%
10. CP = Rs 3,840, %L = 25%
11. CP = Rs 560.80, %L = 12.5%, OHE = Rs 39.20
12. CP = Rs 9,860, %P = 5%, OHE – Rs 98.60
Find CP If,
13. SP = Rs 1600, %P = 60%
14. SP = Rs 2000, %L = 20%
15. SP = Rs 18.48, %P = 10%
16. SP = Rs 1040, %P = 12.5%
17. SP = Rs 510, %P = 6.25%
18. SP = Rs 499.95, %L = 0.01%
ANSWERS
1. Gain 20% 2. Loss 10% 3. Loss 20%
4. Loss 30% 5. Gain 10% 6. Gain 12.5%
7. Gain 1% 8. Rs 2640 9. Rs23000
10. Rs2880 11. Rs 525 12. Rs 995.86
13. Rs 1000 14. Rs2500 15. Rs16.80
16. Rs 960 17. Rs 480 18. Rs 500
PRACTICE EXERCISE – 2
WORD BASED PROBLEMS
1. A man buys an article for Rs 800 and sells it for Rs 1000. What is his Gain%?
2. A shopkeeper buys a cycle for Rs 2000. He Spent Rs 200 in installing a seat and then sells it
for Rs 2475. What is his Gain%?
3. A person buys a scooter for Rs 24000 but he sells it for Rs 22680. What is his Loss%?

4. An egg seller buys 12 dozen eggs for Rs 60 per dozen and sells each egg for Rs 5.50 per
piece. What is his Gain%?
[Hint: 1 dozen = 12 eggs]
5. An egg seller buys 18 dozen eggs at Rs 1080 and sells each egg at Rs 6 per piece. What is his
Gain%?
6. An egg seller bought 10 dozen eggs at Rs 60/dozen. 20 eggs broke which he could not sell.
Now, what price per egg should he sell the remainder eggs to realize a gain% of 10%?
7. If someone makes a 20% gain at selling lemons at the price of 12 per rupee, how many
lemons per rupee were bought?
[Hint: Price of one lemon =
1
number of lemons at Re 1
8. If someone makes a 20% loss at selling lemons at the price of 20 per rupee, how many
9. If someone makes a 25% gain at selling lemons at the price of 10 per rupee, how many
10. A man buys some lemons at the rate of 8 lemons per Rs 5. For the same money, he bought
some more lemons at the rate of 9 lemons per Rs 6. He mixes the lemons in equal
proportions and sells lemons at the rate of 8 lemons per Rs 10. What is his gain% or loss%?
[Hint: Total number of lemons bought not given. LCM of 8 and 9 is 72. Assume he bought 72 lemons
of each type so that the student is not dealing with fractions but only integers]
11. A man buys 15KG and 25KG respectively of two types of rice: Rs 28/KG and Rs 35/KG. He
sells the mixture for Rs 33/KG. What is % gain or loss?
12. A man buys two types of rice at Rs 20/KG and Rs 25/KG and mixes them in the ratio 7:3 to
sell it at Rs 25/KG. What is his gain or loss%?
13. If the selling price of an item is
4
5
of his cost price, what is the loss%?
14. If the cost price of an item is
3
4
of its selling price, what is the gain%?
15. If the CP of 16 articles is the same as SP of 20 articles, what is the gain% or loss%?
16. If the CP of 20 articles is the same as CP of 16 articles, what is the gain % or loss%?
17. If by selling 36 lemons, there is loss equivalent to the SP of 4 lemons, what is the gain% or
loss%?
18. A sells an object at 10% loss to B, who sells it to C at a 10% profit at Rs 792, what is the cost
price for A?
[Hint: SP for A = CP for B. SP for B = CP for C]
19. Munnu sells an object at 25% profit to Ishika and Ishika sells the same article to Yuvi at
10% loss at Rs 1800. What was the cost price for Munnu?

20. When the price of sugar decreased by 10%, one could buy 6.2KG extra for Rs 279. What was
the original price and the reduced price per KG of sugar?
21. A shopkeeper buys two articles at a total amount of Rs 624. Sells the first one at 14% profit
and the second one at 14% loss. If the selling price of both are the same, what were the CP
of both?
[Hint: Assume the CP of first article = x]
Answers
i. 25% ii. 12.5% iii. 5.5% iv. 10%
v. 20% vi. Rs 6.6 vii. 15 lemons viii. 16 lemons
ix. 8 lemons
x. 93.54%
approx.
xi. 4.76% xii. 2
2
49
%
xiii. 20% xiv. 33
1
3
% xv. 20% xvi. 25%
xvii. 10% xviii. Rs 800 xix. Rs 1600
xx. Rs 5/KG, Rs
4.5/KG
xxi. Rs 268.32
QUIZ – 1
1. A man buys an article for Rs 2,400 and sells it at Rs 2,880. Find gain%.
i. 10% ii. 20% iii. 25% iv. 5%
2. A shopkeeper buys a cycle for Rs 5000 but due to some reason sells it off at Rs 4900. What is his
loss%?
i. 4% ii. 3% iii. 2% iv. 1%

3. Bunty purchased an almirah for Rs 886 and paid Rs 140 for it’s transportation. If he sold it at Rs
10,125, what was the gain%?
i. 6
1
2
% ii. 9
1
2
% iii. 12
1
2
% iv. 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒
4. A man sells an article in Rs 6,825 to earn a profit of 5%. What was the cost price?
i. 𝑅𝑠 6200 ii. 𝑅𝑠 6300 iii. 𝑅𝑠 6400 iv. 𝑅𝑠 6500
5. Find the selling price of a scooter if CP is Rs 42,000 and loss is 2.5%.
i. 𝑅𝑠 40,950 ii. 𝑅𝑠 43,050 iii. 𝑅𝑠 40,150 iv. 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒
6. If the selling price of an article is
4
5
of it’s cost price, find it loss% or gain%?
i. 10% ii. 15% iii. 20% iv. 25%
7. If the CP of an article is
5
4
of it’s SP, find the gain% or loss%.
i. 10% ii. 20% iii. 30% iv. 40%
8. A man sells an article for Rs 800 and makes a profit of
1
4
of its selling price. Find profit%.
i. 16
2
3
% ii. 6
3
4
% iii. 5
1
2
% iv. 33
1
3
%
9. A man sells an article for Rs 1,000 and makes a profit of
1
4
of it’s CP. Find gain%.
10. A man sells an article at 6.25% loss at Rs 918.75. What was the CP?

i. 𝑅𝑠 980 ii. 𝑅𝑠 990 iii. 𝑅𝑠 970 iv. 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒
11. Rukuma bought 25 shares of a certain company at Rs 860 and sold the shares at Rs 920. She
paid brokerage of 0.5% each while buying and selling. What was her gain%?
i. 4.9% ii. 5.9% iii. 6.9% iv. 7.9%
12. If an article would have been sold at a 10% gain instead of 10% loss, it would have fetched an
extra Rs 220. What was the CP of that article?
13. If by selling a pen at Rs 195, a shopkeeper incurs a loss equivalent to
1
16
of it’s CP, then what is
the loss%?
i. 5
2
3
% ii. 5
1
5
% iii. 6
1
4
% iv. 6
3
4
%
14.The sum of cost prices of two watches is Rs 650. One was sold at a 20% loss while the second
was sold at a 20% profit. If the selling prices of both watches are the same, what were their cost
prices?
i. 𝑅𝑠 490, 𝑅𝑠 160 ii. 𝑅𝑠 390, 𝑅𝑠 260 iii. 𝑅𝑠 290, 𝑅𝑠 360 iv. 𝑅𝑠 160, 𝑅𝑠 490
15. If 4 times the CP of an article is the same as 5 times the SP, find the loss%.
i. 5% ii. 10% iii. 15% iv. 20%
16. If a dishonest trader buys 10% extra volume by cheating and claims to sells it at a 10% profit,
what is his actual profit?
i. 16% ii. 18% iii. 20% iv. 21%

17. A man’s profit on selling 33 mangoes is equivalent to cost price of 11 mangoes. What is the
profit%?
i. 50% ii. 25% iii. 11% iv. 22%
18. A businessman buys 20 dozen eggs at Rs 60/dozen and sells them at Rs 5.5/dozen. What is his
profit%?
i. 5% ii. 10% iii. 15% iv. 20%
19. A trader buys 50 dozen eggs at Rs 4 per dozen but breaks 40 eggs in transit. At what price
should he sells the remaining eggs (per dozen) to realize an overall profit of 5%?
i. 𝑅𝑠 4.5 ii. 𝑅𝑠 5 iii. 𝑅𝑠 5.5 iv. 𝑅𝑠 6
20. If a trader incurs 20% loss by selling lemons at the rate of 20 per rupee. How many lemons per
rupee did he buy?
i. 16 ii. 15 iii. 14 iv. 13
21. A man bought mangoes at the rate of 20 per Rs 16 and sold at the rate of 16 per Rs 20, what was
the profit%?
i. 10% ii. 15% iii. 20% iv. 25%
22. A man spends the same money in buying two types of lemons – one at the rate of 10 lemons per
Rs 6 and second at the rate of 12 lemons per Rs 10. He sells them at the rate of 10 lemons per Rs 8.
What is the % loss or % profit?
i. 50% 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 ii. 50% 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 iii. 25% 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 iv. 25% 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
23. A sells an article at a 20% loss to B, who sells the same article at a 10% gain to C, who sells the
same article at a 10% loss to D at Rs 891. What was the CP of that article for A?

i. 𝑅𝑠 825 ii. 𝑅𝑠 925 iii. 𝑅𝑠 1,025 iv. 𝑅𝑠 1,125
24. A trader sells an article at a 10% profit. Had he bought the same article at 20% discount and had
he sold it at Rs 10 more, he would have made 40% profit instead of 10%. What was the CP?
Answers
1. 𝑖𝑖. , 20% 2. 𝑖𝑖𝑖, 2% 3. 𝑖𝑖𝑖. , 12
1
2
% 4. 𝑖𝑣. , 𝑅𝑠 6,500
5. 𝑖. , 𝑅𝑠 40,950 6. 𝑖𝑖𝑖. , 20% 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 7. 𝑖𝑖. , 20% 8. 𝑖𝑣. , 33
1
3
%
9. 𝑖𝑖𝑖. , 𝑅𝑠 800 10. 𝑖. , 𝑅𝑠 980 11. 𝑖𝑖. , 5.9% 12. 𝑖. , 𝑅𝑠 1,100
13. iii., 6 ¼%
14. ii., Rs 390, Rs
260
15. iv., 20% 16. iv., 21%
17. i., 50% 18. ii., 10% 19. i., Rs 4.5 20. i., 16 lemons
21. iii., 20% gain 22. i., 50% gain 23. iv., Rs 1,125 24. iii., Rs 500
DISCOUNT or REBATE
In trade, sometimes, a trader buys an article at a price lesser than the original price. This can
happen because of a lot of reasons but mostly it is because of better negotiation or higher quantity
purchase.
Following are the termilogies:
MARKED PRICE (MP): The original selling price of the article. It is usually mentioned on the article
as MRP. It is the price before discount. It is a markup% over the Cost price.
DISCOUNT (D): The amount by which the selling price is reduced. Also, called Rebate, denoted by r.
DISCOUNT % = Percentage of Discount on Marked Price
𝑟% =
𝑟 ∗ 100
𝑀𝑃
DISCOUNTED SELLING PRICE (SP): The Selling price after discount is deducted from Marked Price.

SP = MP – Discount
or, SP = MP – MP*r%
𝑜𝑟, 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑀𝑃 ∗ ( 1 −
𝑟
100
)
There are certain cases where there are successive discounts. For example, an item can be
available at successive discount% of r1% and r2%.
In that case, 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑀𝑃 ∗ (1 −
𝑟1
100
) ∗ (1 −
𝑟2
100
) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑜 𝑜𝑛
Examples
1. If the MP of an article is Rs 1,600 and there is a 10% discount on it, find its selling price.
Solution:
MP = 1600, r% = 10%
So, discount = MP*r% = 1600 * 10% = 160
Hence SP = MP – Discount = 1,600 – 160 = Rs 1,440
Another way to solve this would be to use the formula.
𝑆𝑃 = 𝑀𝑃 ∗ (1 −
𝑟
100
)
So, 𝑆𝑃 = 1600 ∗ (1 −
10
100
) = 1600 ∗
90
100
= 𝑅𝑠 1,440
2. If an article with marked price of Rs 960 is available in the market at Rs 840, find %discount.
Solution:
Discount = MP – SP = 960 – 840 = 120
%discount =
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡∗100
𝑀𝑃
= 120 ∗
100
960
= 12.5%
3. Upon a 6.25% discount, an article is available in the market at Rs 1,125. What was the marked
price?
Solution:

We know that 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑀𝑃 ∗ (1 −
𝑟
100
)
Hence, 𝑀𝑃 =
𝑆𝑃
1−
𝑟
100
=
1125
1−
6.25
100
=
1125
93.75
100
= 1125 ∗
100
93.75
= 𝑅𝑠 1,200
4. A shopkeeper offers a discount of 40% on an article. Because of excessive competition, now he
has to offer an additional 10%. If the MP of the article is Rs 2,000, what is the final sales price?
Solution (type 1):
MP = 2000
After first discount of 40%, 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑀𝑃 ∗ (1 −
𝑟
100
) = 2000 ∗ (1 −
40
100
) = 2000 ∗
60
100
= 1,200
After second discount, final 𝑆𝑃 = 1200 ∗ (1 −
10
100
) = 1200 ∗
90
100
= 𝑅𝑠 1,080
Solution (type 2, using formula of successive discounts)
𝑆𝑃 = 𝑀𝑃 ∗ (1 −
𝑟1
100
) ∗ (1 −
𝑟2
100
) = 1600 ∗ (1 −
40
100
) ∗ (1 −
10
100
) = 1600 ∗
60
100
∗
90
100
= 1,080
5. A shopkeeper marks up the price of an item by 40% and then offers a 20% discount. What is
the % gain?
Solution:
Let the CP of the article be x.
Since, markup is 40%, 𝑀𝑃 = 𝐶𝑃 + 40% 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑃 = 𝑥 ∗ (1 +
40
100
) = 1.4𝑥
SP at 20% discount = 1.4𝑥 ∗ (1 −
20
100
) = 1.4𝑥 ∗ 0.8 = 1.12𝑥
Profit = SP – CP = 1.12x – x = 0.12x
Profit% =
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡∗100
𝐶𝑃
=
0.12𝑥∗100
𝑥
= 12%
6. Find the equivalent discount for successive discounts of 20%, 10% and 5%.
Solution:
Let the MP be x.

In case of successive discounts, 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑥 ∗ (1 −
20
100
) ∗ (1 −
10
100
) ∗ (1 −
5
100
) = 𝑥 ∗
80
100
∗
90
100
∗
95
100
=
0.684x
Discount = MP – SP = x – 0.684X = 0.316X
Discount% =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
𝑀𝑃
∗ 100 =
0.316𝑥
𝑥
∗ 100 = 31.6%
7. Two shopkeepers are selling the same table with the same MP of Rs 800. One offers successive
discounts of 30% and 10%. The other one offers 25% and 15%. Which deal is profitable for the
customer?
Solution:
For the customer, the deal with the lower SP will be a more profitable deal.
SP for Shopkeeper 1 = 800 ∗ (1 −
30
100
) ∗ (1 −
10
100
) = 800 ∗
70
100
∗
90
100
= 𝑅𝑠 504
SP for Shopkeeper 1 = 800 ∗ (1 −
25
100
) ∗ (1 −
15
100
) = 800 ∗
75
100
∗
85
100
= 𝑅𝑠 510
Hence deal will be more profitable with the first shopkeeper.
8. A shopkeeper buys a table with a MP of Rs 1600 and successive discounts of 20% and 10%. He
spends Rs 115.20 in transportation. What price does he have to sell it to make 20% gains?
Solution:
𝐶𝑃 = 1600 ∗ (1 −
20
100
) ∗ (1 −
10
100
) = 1600 ∗
80
100
∗
90
100
= 1152
Tranportation cost = Rs 115.2
Actual CP = 1152 + 115.20 = 1267.20
Profit% = 20%
𝑆𝑃 = 1267.2 ∗ (1 +
20
100
) = 𝑅𝑠 1,520.64
9. A shopkeeper buys a radio of MP Rs 800 at a 20% discount. At what price should he mark it up
that even after giving a 10% discount, he makes 20% gains?
Solution:

MP = 800, r1 = 20%
𝐶𝑃 = 800 ∗ (1 −
20
100
) = 800 ∗
80
100
= 𝑅𝑠 640
Since the shopkeeper wants to make a profit of 20% on this,
Actual SP = 640 ∗ (1 +
20
100
) = 640 ∗
120
100
= 𝑅𝑠 768
Let the new marked price be X. According to the question, he puts up a discount of 10%. So, r2 =
10%.
Since SP = 𝑀𝑃 ∗ (1 −
𝑟2
100
)
768 = 𝑋 ∗ (1 −
10
100
)
or, 768 = 𝑋 ∗
90
100
or, 𝑋 = 768 ∗
100
90
or, X = 853.33
Hence, he should mark the price up to a new MP of Rs 853.33.
QUIZ – 2
1. The marked price of an article is Rs 9,860. The shopkeeper gives a discount of 15%. Find selling
price.
a) 𝑅𝑠 8,381 b) 𝑅𝑠 8,281 c) 𝑅𝑠 8,181 d) 𝑅𝑠 8,081
2. The MP of a refrigerator is Rs 12,800. Due to off-season, it was sold at Rs 11200. What was
the %discount?
a) 6
1
2
% b) 12
1
2
% c) 33
1
3
% d) 16
2
3
%
3. After giving a discount of 6
1
4
%, a bike is sold at Rs 9,225. Find its marked price.

a) 𝑅𝑠 9,640 b) 𝑅𝑠 9,740 c) 𝑅𝑠 9,840 d) 𝑅𝑠 8,640
4. Find the equivalent rate of discount of successive discounts of 20% and 5%.
a) 30% b) 26% c) 25% d) 24%
5. The MP of an article is Rs 980 and 12.5% discount is given on it. Find its SP.
a) 𝑅𝑠 856.50 b) 𝑅𝑠 855.50 c) 𝑅𝑠 854.50 d) 𝑅𝑠 857.50
6. The MP of a bat is Rs 1600 and 25% discount is given on it. Then a sales tax of 6.5% is imposed
on it. Find the sales price.
a) 𝑅𝑠 1678 b) 𝑅𝑠 1478 c) 𝑅𝑠 1278 d) 𝑅𝑠 1378
7. The marked price of a radio is Rs 2500. Successive discounts of 10%, 20% and 12.5% are given
on it. What will be the sales price of that radio?
a) 𝑅𝑠 1,675 b) 𝑅𝑠 1,575 c) 𝑅𝑠 1,475 d) None of these
8. Two shopkeepers are selling the same article at the same MP. The first shopkeeper sells it at a
50% discount. The second one gives successive discounts of 30% and 20%. Who is selling cheaper?
a) First b) Second c) Both d) None of these
9. By what % should the CP of the article be marked up by so that one can make a profit of 20%
after offering a discount of 20%?
a) 100% b) 75% c) 50% d) 25%
10. A dealer marked his goods at 35% above the cost price and allowed discount of 20%. Find his
gain%.

a) 10% b) 8% c) 6% d) 4%
11. Find a single discount equivalent to successive discounts of 20%, 10% and 5%.
a) 33.6% b) 32.6% c) 31.6% d) 30.6%
12. A shopkeeper buys a table which has a MP of Rs 2000. He gets successive discounts of 20% and
10%. He spends Rs 60 on transportation. What should be the new MP of the table if he wants to
earn a profit of 10%?
a) 𝑅𝑠 1,650 b) 𝑅𝑠 1,640 c) 𝑅𝑠 1,630 d) 𝑅𝑠 1,620
13. Which successive discount is more profitable for the customer?
a) 40%, 30% b) 50%, 20% c) None d) Both are same
14. The MP of a machine is Rs 1600 and a shopkeeper buys it at successive discounts of 20% and
10%. If he wants to earn gains of 20% after offering a 10% discount, what should be the new MP
that he should mark up to?
a) 𝑅𝑠 1,836 b) 𝑅𝑠 1,736 c) 𝑅𝑠 1,636 d) 𝑅𝑠 1,536
15. After offering a discount of 10%, a dealer makes a profit of 8%. What % did he mark up the CP
by?
a) 10% b) 15% c) 20% d) 25%
16. A boy purchased a bat at Rs 1,458 which includes 10% discount and 8% tax on the remaining
price. Find the marked price of the bat.
a) 𝑅𝑠 1,300 b) 𝑅𝑠 1,400 c) 𝑅𝑠 1,500 d) 𝑅𝑠 1,600

17. The market price of a watch is Rs 1,375. If tax is charged at 4%, what is the all-inclusive SP?
a) 𝑅𝑠 1,520 b) 𝑅𝑠 1,420 c) 𝑅𝑠 1,530 d) 𝑅𝑠 1,430
18. The MP of a television is Rs 25,000. The shopkeeper gives a discount of 12% and charges a 4%
tax on the remaining amount. What is the amount of tax that the customer has to pay?
a) 𝑅𝑠 2,200 b) 𝑅𝑠 2,250 c) 𝑅𝑠 2,300 d) 𝑅𝑠 2,350
19. A trader marks up his goods by 40% above cost price and allows a discount of 25%. What is the
gain%?
a) 20% b) 15% c) 10% d) 5%
20. A watch with MP of Rs 160 is selling at Rs 122.40 after successive discounts of 10% and X%.
Find X.
a) 10% b) 15% c) 20% d) 25%
21. The MP of a TV is Rs 40,000. There is a successive discount of 10% and 5%. Due to excessive
competition, the shopkeeper gives another successive discount of X% to sell it at Rs 32,062.50. Find
X.
a) 6
1
4
% b) 6
1
2
% c) 6
3
4
% d) 7%
22. If an article sells at Rs 380 after a discount of 5%, then what will the article sell at if instead of
5%, there is 10% discount and a tax of 8%?
a) Rs 387.80 b) Rs 388.90 c) Rs 388.80 d) Rs 387.90
Answers
1. a) Rs 8,381 2. b) 12
1
2
% 3. c) Rs 9,840

4. d) 24% 5. d) Rs 857.50 6. c) Rs 1,278 7. b) Rs 1575
8. a) First 9. c) 50% 10. b) 8% 11. c)31.6%
12. a) Rs 1,650 13. b) 50%, 20% 14. d) Rs 1,536
15. c) 20% 16. c) Rs 1,500 17. d) Rs 1,430 18. a) Rs 2,200
19. d) 5% 20. b) 15% 21. a) 6 ¼% 22. c) Rs 388.80

MG Ki Paathshala - Profit, Loss & Discount - Class 8

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