AWWA-E103-Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps.pdf

AWWA Standard
SM
®
Horizontal and Vertical
Line-Shaft Pumps
Effective date: Feb. 1, 2016.
First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 24, 2007.
This edition approved June 7, 2015.
Approved by American National Standards Institute Nov. 9, 2015.
ANSI/AWWA E103-15
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA E103-07)
Copyright © 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
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AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards
describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally
contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the
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lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify,
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precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards
are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory
service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of
the Official Notice section of Journal – American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first
day of the month following the month of Journal – American Water Works Association publication of the official notice.
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ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-138-5 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-364-0
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.E103.15
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Printed in USA
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Committee Personnel
The AWWA Standards Committee on Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps, which reviewed
and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
Anthony M. Naimey, Chairman
General Interest Members
E.P. Butts, 4B Engineering, Salem, Ore. (AWWA)
J.J. Gemin,* Standards Council Liaison, Bath, Mich. (AWWA)
S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA)
F.H. Hanson, Albert A. Webb Associates, Riverside, Calif. (AWWA)
S.R. Hussain,† CH2M HILL, Redding, Calif. (AWWA)
B. Kuhnel, Malcolm Pirnie, Water Division of Arcadis, Carlsbad, Calif. (AWWA)
T.J. McCandless,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
C.T. Michalos, MWH, Colorado Springs, Colo. (AWWA)
A.M. Naimey, CH2M HILL, Santa Ana, Calif. (AWWA)
M. Seals, Indiana American Water, Greenwood, Ind. (AWWA)
C. Yang, Keller, Texas (AWWA)
Producer Members
M.C. Bennett, Layne Christensen Company, Stuttgart, Ark. (AWWA)
J. Bird, Flowserve Corporation, Taneytown, Md. (AWWA)
J. Claxton, Patterson Pump Company, Toccoa, Ga. (AWWA)
M. Coussens, Peerless Pump Co., Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA)
A.R. Sdano, Fairbanks Morse Pump Corporation, Kansas City, Kan. (AWWA)
User Members
S. Ahmed, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department, Detroit, Mich. (AWWA)
D. Carroll, City of Aurora Water, Aurora, Colo. (AWWA)
J.S. Casagrande, Connecticut Water Service Inc., Clinton, Conn. (AWWA)
M. Higginbottom, Veolia Water North America, Fremont, N.H. (AWWA)
J.P. Taylor, Granite City, Ill. (AWWA)
* Liaison, nonvoting
†Alternate
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Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword
I Introduction..................................... vii
I.A Background...................................... vii
I.B History............................................. vii
I.C Acceptance...................................... viii
II Special Issues..................................... ix
II.A General............................................. ix
II.B Advisory Information on Product
Application.................................. xi
II.C Pump Tests...................................... xii
II.D Vibration Limits.............................. xiii
III Use of This Standard....................... xiii
III.A Information for Manufacturers........ xiii
III.B Basic Data for Vertical Pumps......... xix
III.C Basic Data for Horizontal Pumps.... xix
IV Modification to Standard................. xx
V Major Revisions................................ xx
VI Comments....................................... xx
Standard
1 General
1.1 Scope................................................. 1
1.2 Purpose.............................................. 2
1.3 Application......................................... 2
2 References......................................... 3
3 Definitions........................................ 5
4 Requirements
4.1 Materials.......................................... 10
4.2 General Design: Common to
Pumps........................................ 16
4.3 General Design: Horizontal Pumps.. 20
4.4 General Design: Vertical Pumps....... 22
4.5 Coatings........................................... 27
4.6 Vibration Limits............................... 29
5 Verification
5.1 Factory Tests.................................... 29
5.2 Submittals........................................ 29
6 Marking, Preparation for
Shipment, and Affidavit
6.1 Marking........................................... 30
6.2 Packaging and Shipping................... 30
6.3 Affidavit of Compliance................... 31
Appendixes
A Pump Cross Sections........................33
B Field Testing of Pumps
B.1 Purpose of Field Tests....................... 39
B.2 Accuracy of Field Testing................. 40
B.3 Definitions and Symbols.................. 45
B.4 Instrumentation.............................. 46
B.5 Procedure......................................... 53
C Suggested Data Form for the
Purchase of Horizontal
Pumps.........................................59
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D Suggested Data Form for the
Purchase of Vertical
Line-Shaft Pumps......................61
E Engineering Information and
Recommendations
E.1 Common for Horizontal and
Vertical Pumps........................... 63
E.2 Horizontal Pumps............................ 63
E.3 Vertical Pumps................................ 64
Figures
A.1 Separately Coupled, Single-Stage,
Inline, Flexible Coupling Pump
with Overhung Impeller...............34
Inline, Rigid Coupling Pump
with Overhung Impeller...............35
Frame-Mounted Pump with
Overhung Impeller.......................36
Axial (Horizontal) Split-Case
Pump with Impeller Between
Bearings.......................................37
A.5 Deep-Well Pumps..............................38
B.1 Field-Test Diagram for Line-Shaft
Vertical Turbine Well Pump....... 47
B.2 Field-Test Diagram for Vertical
Turbine Pump for Booster
Service........................................ 47
B.3 Field-Test Diagram for Horizontal
Split-Case Pump........................ 48
B.4 Field-Test Diagram for End-Suction
Pump......................................... 48
B.5 Pipe Requirements for Orifice, Flow
Nozzles, and Venturi Tubes........ 49
B.6 Expected Accuracy of Field Test....... 55
B.7 Pump Field-Test Report.................... 57
E.1 Horizontal Pump Nominal
Impeller-Ring Diametrical
Clearance.................................. 64
E.2 Friction Loss in Discharge Heads...... 65
E.3 Friction Loss for Standard Pipe
Column..................................... 66
E.4 Mechanical Friction in Line Shafts... 67
Tables
1 Pump (Horizontal or Vertical) Parts,
Materials, and Definitions.......... 12
2 Horizontal Pump Parts, Materials,
and Definitions.......................... 13
3 Vertical Pump Parts, Materials,
and Definitions.......................... 15
4 Materials.......................................... 17
B.1 Limits of Accuracy of Pump
Test Measuring Devices in
Field Use.................................... 41
E.1 Diameters and Weights of
Standard Discharge Column
Pipe Sizes................................... 65
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
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Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA E103.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. This standard describes the minimum requirements for
horizontal centrifugal pumps and for vertical line-shaft pumps for installation in wells,
water treatment plants, water transmission systems, and water distribution systems.
Pumps described in this standard are intended for pumping freshwater at flow rates (at
best efficiency point) ranging from 100 gpm to 40,000 gpm (23 m3/hr to 9,100 m3/hr)
at discharge pressures dictated by pump type and discharge conditions. This standard is
applicable for driver power range from 10 hp to 1,500 hp (7 kW to 1,100 kW); however,
this standard does not include requirements for drivers.
I.B. History. The original standard for vertical line-shaft turbine pumps
presented the composite findings from studies conducted from 1949 to 1986 by
committees consisting of manufacturers, consumers, and engineers. The first standard
was published in 1955. In 1961, the standard was revised to include standards for
submersible vertical turbine pumps. Additional technical changes were added in the
1971 revision. Solid shaft motors were added in the 1977 revision, together with
numerous editorial changes and conversions to the international system of units. The
1977 standard was reaffirmed in 1982 without revision. Additional revisions were
made in 1988.
In 1994, AWWA’s Standards Council approved development of a new standard for
horizontal centrifugal pumps. The new standard was assigned to AWWA Standards
Committee 276 for Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps. Upon review of pump standards
development in 1996, AWWA’s Standards Council modified the development pro-
cess to include two new pump standards to replace ANSI/AWWA E101-88, Vertical
Turbine Pumps—Line Shaft and Submersible Types. As part of this action, two com-
mittees were renamed. AWWA Standards Committee 276 for Horizontal Centrifugal
Pumps was changed to AWWA Standards Committee 276 for Horizontal and Vertical
Line-Shaft Pumps. Committee 276 was charged with development of ANSI/AWWA
E103, Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps. AWWA Standards Committee 375
for Vertical Turbine Pumps was changed to AWWA Standards Committee 375 for
Submersible Vertical Turbine Pumps. Committee 375 was charged with development
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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of ANSI/AWWA E102, Submersible Vertical Turbine Pumps. During development of
these two replacement standards, ANSI/AWWA E101-88 was withdrawn effective June
2000. The first edition of ANSI/AWWA E103 was approved by the AWWA Board of
Directors on June 24, 2007. This edition was approved on June 7, 2015.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certificationprogramfordirectandindirectdrinkingwateradditives.Othermembersof
the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation* (formerly AwwaRF)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The
American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.† Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking
Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.
2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF‡: NSF/ANSI 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 372 Drinking Water
System Components—Lead Content.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex,
Water Chemicals Codex,§ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-
dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept
or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi-
fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
* Water Research Foundation, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.
†Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
‡NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
§ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20001.
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Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an
unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
ANSI/AWWA E103 does not address additives requirements. Users of this stan-
dard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.
NSF/ANSI 372, Drinking Water System Components—Lead Content, specifies
restrictions for maximum lead content of materials in contact with drinking water.
The user shall specify NSF/ANSI 372 when applicable in the purchase documents.
Currently compliance with NSF/ANSI 372 is mandatory in some states and meets the
new low lead requirements of the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act, which went into effect
January 2014.
II. Special Issues.
II.A. General. A pumping system consists of several components: the pump,
the driver, the controls, the baseplate or mounting plate, the foundation, suction and
discharge piping, and in many cases auxiliary equipment such as cooling water and
lubrication systems. This AWWA E 103 standard discusses only the pump unit. Users
of this standard should review other publications such as the American Petroleum
Institute (API) Recommended Practice 686, Recommended Practices for Machinery
Installation and Installation Design; Hydraulic Institute (HI) Standard 1.3, Standard
for Centrifugal Pumps for Design and Application; and HI 2.3, Standard for
Vertical Pumps for Design and Application. Users should especially review these
and other publications for information on baseplates, mounting plates, foundation
design, connection into suction, discharge piping systems, and component alignment
recommendations. Conditions under which a pump will operate must be carefully
evaluated by the purchaser and described by the purchase documents.
II.A.1 Operating range. Evaluations should include the determination of the
hydraulic characteristics of the pumping system and the extremes (maximum and
minimum) of heads and flows under which the pump will be required to operate.
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II.A.2 Inlet conditions. Pump field performance and service life can be signifi-
cantly reduced if pump inlet conditions, including net pump suction head (NPSH),
are not appropriate. Anticipated pump performance curves, including net pump suc-
tion head required (NPSHR) curves provided by manufacturers, are based on a flow
pattern at the pump inlet being uniform, steady, and free from swirls and vortices.
Inadequate pump inlet conditions can result in damaging vibrations, excessive com-
ponent stresses, and reduced performance. Hydraulic Institute (HI) Standard ANSI/
HI 9.8, Rotodynamic Pumps for Pump Intake Design, provides recommendations for
both suction pipe arrangements and wet pits (sumps).
II.A.3 Operating region. This standard does not require pumps to be furnished
that will operate within a preferred operating region (POR) or within an allowable
operating region (AOR) as defined by ANSI/HI 9.6.3, Rotodynamic (Centrifugal and
Vertical) Pumps—Guidelines for Allowable Operating Region. Operation outside
these regions will have an adverse effect on the life of the pump. Purchasers should be
aware of the operating limits when specifying pumps and should, as a minimum, define
the maximum and minimum anticipated operating heads and flow rates. Purchasers
may require submittal of data by manufacturers defining the operating regions and
advising anticipated bearing life and vibrations when operating within these regions.
Refer to Section III of this foreword.
II.A.4 Drivers. This standard does not include requirements for drivers (motors,
engines, gear drives, etc.). Driver torque characteristics must be suitable for the pump
torque requirements and the pump starting and stopping method. Driver requirements
should be provided by the purchase documents. Refer to NEMA (National Electrical
Manufacturers Association) MG 1, Motors and Generators, for guidance in the proper
selection and application of motors and generators.
II.A.5 Driver mounting and compatibility. Drivers are an integral part of a
pumping unit. Drivers affect pump-to-driver coupling requirements, motor stands
(vertical turbine pumps), base plates (horizontal pumps), shaft seals, and vibra-
tion levels. Bearings in drivers that support rotating elements of the pump must
be designed for static and dynamic thrust loads. This standard does not require the
pump manufacturer to furnish the driver nor to mount the driver to the pump. If
this is a concern, requirements for furnishing or mounting the driver should be pro-
vided by the purchaser.
II.A.6 Can pumps. Pump barrels or cans, while not an integral part of a vertical
pumping unit, can significantly affect pump performance, as can any sump arrange-
ment that affects the flow pattern at the pump inlet. Pump barrels may be fabricated
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from many materials, including concrete and steel pipe. Barrel inlet piping inlet velo-
city and barrel dimensions will affect pump performance. Barrel inlets located too
close to the pump suction inlet may produce turbulence affecting performance or caus-
ing vibration. Flow vanes and/or suction inlet devices may be required. This standard
does not include pump barrel requirements. Requirements for pump cans, including
installation, can be found in ANSI/HI 9.8, Rotodynamic Pumps for Pump Intake
Design. This standard does not require the pump manufacturer to furnish the barrel
nor to mount the barrel to the pump. If there is a requirement for furnishing the barrel
or mounting the pump in the barrel, this should be noted by the purchase documents.
II.B. Advisory Information on Product Application. This standard does not cover
applications or manufacturing technologies. Some waters may have high conductivity
levels well in excess of 200 µhm/cm, where it may be advisable to consult with a
metallurgist or corrosion expert to determine whether special materials or techniques
to deal with galvanic corrosion are required. The purchaser should identify special
requirements and deviations from this standard and include appropriate language in
the purchase documents. (For example, Sec. 4.4.3.2.3 of this standard requires vertical
pump suction cases and bells to have grease-packed CA [bronze] bearings. If other
types of bearings are required, this should be stated in the purchase documents.)
II.B.1 Materials. Materials required by this standard are selected based on suit-
ability for operation with water as described in the scope. Selection is based on success-
ful experience in the waterworks industry and local code and regulation requirements
for suitable materials.
II.B.1.1 Treatment chemicals. The potential for corrosion because of chemicals
added to the water should be considered. Materials, including some bronzes and rub-
ber compounds exposed to water containing chlorine, chloramines, or other chemicals,
may not be suitable. If such problems are anticipated, the purchase documents should
identify the maximum expected concentrations of these chemicals and other factors,
such as pH and temperature ranges, that may affect the corrosivity of these chemicals.
The purchaser and manufacturer should be aware that at times the pump may be used
to disperse chemicals into the system, which may result in local concentrations much
higher than normal concentration intended for the system. The purchaser should con-
sult with the manufacturer and, if appropriate, specify special requirements for these
materials in the purchase documents.
II.B.1.2 Disinfection chemicals. Pumps are often disinfected prior to being
placed in service initially or after a repair. During the disinfection process, wetted
surfaces are exposed to liquids far more corrosive than that allowed by the scope of
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this standard. Materials required by this standard may not be suitable for prolonged
exposure to corrosive chemicals, including chlorine and sodium hypochlorite. There-
fore, these chemicals should be removed and surfaces flushed with water meeting scope
requirements immediately after disinfection.
II.B.1.3 Dealloying. Some waters promote dealloying corrosion of some copper
alloys in the form of dezincification or dealuminization, particularly when the material
is exposed to water at high velocity. If this is a concern, the purchaser should consult
with the manufacturer and, if appropriate, require alternate materials in the purchase
documents.
II.B.2 Coatings. This standard requires that ferrous (except for stainless) sur-
faces of pumps exposed to water be coated. The purchase documents should delete this
requirement if coatings are not required.
II.C. Pump Tests.
II.C.1 Factory tests.
II.C.1.1 Procedures. This standard requires factory tests to be performed
in accordance with the current version of ANSI/HI 14.6, Rotodynamic Pumps for
Hydraulic Performance Acceptance Tests.
II.C.1.2 Extent. This standard requires nonwitnessed hydrostatic testing only.
1. For horizontal pumps: the assembled pump.
2. For vertical pumps: the bowl assembly and discharge head.
II.C.1.3 Additional factory tests. Additional factory tests, including hydro-
static tests of an assembled vertical pump, vertical pump column section, performance,
NPSHR, mechanical, and witnessed tests, may be included by the purchase documents.
II.C.2 Field tests. This standard does not include field performance testing
requirements. The following can be used to define field-test requirements.
1. ANSI/HI 1.6 and 2.6 test standards, as described above for factory tests,
may be used for field testing at the discretion of the purchaser. ANSI/HI test standards
require minimum pipe lengths, internal straightening vanes, and other criteria that,
while practical in a controlled test loop, may not be available in the field. Application
of these standards for field testing requires parties to agree on the scope and protocol
of the test prior to the test.
2. ASME-PTC 8.2, Centrifugal Pumps, relies on the parties’ agreement
beforehand on the scope and protocol of the test. The code does not include acceptable
performance tolerances and does not address how test results shall be used to compare
with guarantees.
3. Appendix B included with this standard.
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II.D Vibration Limits. The vibration characteristics of a pumping system
depend on a combination of pump and driver design and construction, baseplate or
mounting plate design and construction, support foundation design and construction,
balancing requirements, the pump installation, component alignment requirements,
and the operating flow rate relative to the pump’s operating best efficiency point. Users
of this standard should review various HI standards and other standards regarding
these subjects and provide requirements within the purchase documents regarding
vibration limits and vibration limit verification.
III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for
use in the particular application being considered. Users of horizontal centrifugal
and vertical line-shaft pumps should not expect long-lasting or reliable service unless
all aspects of the pump application are defined: operating conditions, environmental
conditions, and local ambient conditions. Additionally, the pump and driver unit,
baseplate or mounting plate, foundation system, and connecting suction and discharge
piping must be designed, installed, and aligned as an integrated system.
III.A. Information for Manufacturers. When placing orders for pumps,
purchasers should provide basic data to manufacturers so that pumps will meet
purchase document’s requirements. Suggested forms that can be used to order pumps
are located in appendixes C and D. Users of this standard should review HI standards
Rotodynamic Centrifugal Pumps for Design and Application (ANSI/HI 1.3), and
Rotodynamic Vertical Pumps of Radial, Mixed, and Axial Flow Types for Design and
Application (ANSI/HI 2.3), which provide requirements for proper pump applications,
principal pump features, and recommended precautions for pumps.
III.A.1 Basic data for vertical and horizontal pumps.
III.A.1.1 Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA E103, Horizontal and Vertical
Line-Shaft Pumps, of latest revision.
III.A.1.2 Installation location (country, state, or province).
III.A.1.3 Water data.
III.A.1.3.a Temperature range.
III.A.1.3.b pH range.
III.A.1.3.c Vapor pressure range (function of altitude and temperature).
III.A.1.3.d Maximum concentration of corrosive chemicals, including but not
limited to
1. Free chlorine.
2. Chloramine.
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3. Chlorides.
4. Ozone.
5. Other (include other oxidants and corrosive chemicals).
III.A.1.3.e Solids.
1. Maximum sand concentration after a 15-minute pumping interval.
2. Maximum size of solids allowed to pass through the pump.
III.A.1.4 Operating conditions.
III.A.1.4.a Altitude at impeller shaft (for vertical pumps, use the eye of the lowest
impeller).
III.A.1.4.b Maximum suction pressure or maximum static suction lift.
III.A.1.4.c Pump startup and shutdown conditions:
1. Describe in detail if discharge valve is other than a mechanical gravity-
actuated type of check valve.
2. If the driver is variable speed and the discharge valve is other than a mechan-
ical nonactuated type of check valve, describe the timing and coordination of valve
opening and closure with pump speed ramp-up and ramp-down times.
III.A.1.4.d Reverse rotation.
1. Indicate if the pump system will or will not be equipped with means to pre-
vent reverse shaft rotation. Nonreverse ratchets are required for motors that drive open
line-shaft vertical turbine pumps having a minimum water level that is 50 ft (15 m) or
more below the elevation of the shaft seal in the discharge head.
2. For pump systems without means to prevent reverse rotation, indicate the
maximum differential pressure across the pump during flow reversal.
III.A.1.4.e Speed. Specify speed for constant-speed pumps (usually maximum
speed based on a review of pump curves and discussions with manufacturers). If variable-
speed pumps are required, specify an operating speed range.
III.A.1.4.f Sanitary codes. Provide information necessary for the pump to be
constructed to meet applicable code requirements.
III.A.1.5 Performance requirements. Refer to Section 3 of this standard for
definition of terms.
III.A.1.5.a At rated condition point.
1. Rate of flow.
2. Total head or bowl assembly total head.
Note: Total head must be used for horizontal pumps. Either total head or bowl
assembly total head can be used for vertical pumps. The latter is used when the purchaser
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accounts for and is responsible for head losses in the strainer, suction pipe (if used), suc-
tion vessel (can pumps), column, and discharge head.
3. Minimum efficiency:
a. Pump efficiency, or
b. Bowl assembly efficiency, if bowl assembly total head is specified, or
c. Overall (wire-to-water) efficiency. Note: This can be specified only if
the drive is supplied by the pump manufacturer.
4. Net positive suction head available (NPSHA) range.
III.A.1.5.b At other condition points. Pumps are usually required to provide
a minimum rate of flow under high head conditions, which may exist when multiple
pumps operate, when the discharge gradient is at a maximum, or when the suction gra-
dient is at a minimum. Pumps are also required to operate under minimum head con-
ditions, which may exist when only one pump operates in a station that has multiple
pumps, when the discharge gradient is at a minimum, or when the suction gradient is
at a maximum. Including a system head curve, especially on multiple-pump installa-
tions and variable-speed systems, will allow the pump supplier to select the most suit-
able pump curve shape for the application.
1. Maximum head condition. Include data listed above for the rated condition
point except:
a. Instead of rate of flow, specify minimum rate of flow.
b. Instead of total head or bowl assembly total head, specify maximum
total head or maximum bowl assembly total head.
2. Minimum head condition. Include data listed above for the rated condition
point except:
a. Instead of rate of flow, specify maximum rate of flow.
b. Instead of total head or bowl assembly total head, specify minimum
total head or minimum bowl assembly total head.
c. Instead of NPSHA, specify a maximum NPSHR.
III.A.1.5.c Allowable suction specific speed (maximum or range).
III.A.1.5.d Pump input power (brake horsepower). Specify the maximum
input power required for the pump assembly over the required pump operating range.
Note 1: Thrust-bearing power requirements must be considered by the purchaser
and added to the pump input horsepower when pump thrust bearings are provided in
the driver and the driver is not part of the pump assembly. Gear drive power require-
ments must also be considered if the gear drive is not part of the pump assembly.
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Note 2: Vertical turbine pump line-shaft bearing losses must also be considered by
the purchaser and added to pump input horsepower when bowl assembly performance
has been specified.
III.A.1.5.e Best efficiency point (BEP).
1. Specify the minimum efficiency required at the BEP.
2. Flow at BEP. Pumps should be selected for maximum efficiency at the nor-
mal condition point. Constant-speed pumps in a multiple-pump system normally
operate at a higher flow rate when not operating in parallel with other pumps. Variable-
speed pumps normally operate at a lower flow rate than the flow at the rated condition
point, when the rated condition point is based on the maximum speed. Specify a range
of flows or heads that the BEP must fall within.
III.A.1.6 Construction requirements.
III.A.1.6.a Impeller type: open, semi-open, or enclosed.
III.A.1.6.b Impeller wear rings. Wear rings can be specified for enclosed impel-
lers. Thrust-balance–type rings can be specified for both semi-open, and enclosed
impellers.
III.A.1.7 Stuffing box arrangement. Specify the type of sealing required. Select
packing, single mechanical seal, or double mechanical seal.
III.A.1.8 Packing or mechanical seal cooling and lubricating water requirements.
III.A.1.8.a Water must be supplied to the packing or seal when the shaft is rotat-
ing. Water suitable for this purpose may be available from the fluid being pumped.
It may also be desirable to provide water to packing when the shaft is not rotating,
to prevent loss of prime (pumps with suction lifts) or prevent packing from drying out.
III.A.1.8.b If the water contains materials that can cause rapid packing wear
or seal wear, suitable clean water at the appropriate pressure from an external source
should be applied to the lantern ring of the packing. If a mechanical seal is used, it
should be a double seal with clean water applied between the seal elements.
III.A.1.8.c If the pressure of the pumped fluid at the upstream face of the pack-
ing or seal is less than 10 psig (69 kPa), which may be the case with horizontal double-
suction and end-suction pumps, clean water should be supplied from a connection to
the pump volute.
III.A.1.8.d If water at a pressure of 10 psig (69 kPa) or greater is not available for
a period exceeding the pump manufacturer’s recommendations during startup (as may
be the case with vertical pumps having deep settings or slowly rising water columns),
clean water should be supplied from an external source during the startup period.
III.A.1.8.e Specify cooling and lubricating water arrangement and requirements.
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xvii
III.A.1.9 Column piping for vertical turbine pumps. Sizing of the column pipe
and minimum column pipe wall thickness shall be the responsibility of the pump manu-
facturer. The column pipe serves as a pressurized discharge pipe between the pump bowl
assembly and the discharge head and is subject to the effects of internal pressure, com-
bined weight of the bowl assembly and column piping including the pumped liquid,
hydraulic thrust loads developed during pump operation, and vibration. When required
by the purchaser, the pump manufacturer should provide information on the flow velo-
city and friction loss in the column pipe.
III.A.1.10 Shaft critical speed. This standard provides requirements for operat-
ing speed locations of the shaft lateral and shaft torsional critical speeds for horizontal
centrifugal and vertical line-shaft pumps. The shaft critical speeds have a significant
relationship to potential vibration and shaft stress issues with a pump, especially with
pumps having adjustable speed drives. It is recommended that users of this standard
review the operating speed range of the pump and identify additional critical speed
criteria in the purchase documents.
III.A.2 Materials.
III.A.2.1 Drinking water requirements. Refer to Sec. 4.1. The purchaser should
state whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—
Health Effects, and/or NSF/ANSI 372, Drinking Water System Components—Lead
Content, is required. If compliance is required, the purchase documents should note,
“This product shall be certified as suitable for contact with drinking water by an accred-
ited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water Sys-
tem Components—Health Effects, and/or NSF/ANSI 372, Drinking Water System
Components—Lead Content.”
Purchasers should be aware that the availability of NSF/ANSI 61–certified pumps
may be very limited, and this requirement may limit competition and add to the cost
and delivery time of the pumps. Purchasers should also be aware that some states may
allow installation of noncertified pumps, based on submittal and acceptance of materi-
als used to construct the pump, especially if suitable certified pumps are not available.
Compliance with NSF/ANSI 372 meets the new low lead requirements of the US
Safe Drinking Water Act, which went into effect January 2014. Most pump manufac-
turers are able to certify compliance with NSF/ANSI 372.
III.A.2.2 Alternative materials. Purchase documents may require alternative
materials or limit manufacturer’s choices of materials listed in this standard. For example,
this standard lists silicon bronze, aluminum bronze, and stainless steel as impeller materi-
als. Silicon bronze may not be suitable if the water contains a significant concentration of
©

xviii
chlorine or chloramine. Aluminum bronze and stainless-steel components may be more
costly and difficult to fabricate than silicon bronze components. Purchasers should be
aware that alternatives to or limitations on manufacturer’s selections may increase costs
and delivery time.
III.A.3 Flanges. This standard requires flat-faced flanges. If other facing is
required, it must be specified by the purchaser.
III.A.4 Factory tests.
III.A.4.1 Tests other than the hydrostatic tests described in Section 5 may be
desired. Purchasers can specify the following additional tests in accordance with current
ANSI/HI standards:
1. Performance.
2. NPSHR.
3. Mechanical.
4. Prime time for self-priming pumps.
5. Airborne sound.
III.A.4.2 Witnessed testing. Purchase documents may specify optional wit-
nessed testing for all or some of the factory tests.
III.A.4.3 Special testing. Purchase documents may specify variations from the
ANSI/HI standard tests. These variations may include duplication of field conditions.
III.A.4.4 Other testing. Purchase documents may specify testing a sample
pump selected at random for any test other than the prescribed hydrostatic tests.
III.A.5 Submittals. This standard includes minimum requirements for submit-
tals. If additional submittals (including affidavits of compliance) are required, they
should be provided by the purchase documents. Additional submittal data that may be
required include: welding procedures and welder qualification requirements associated
with column piping and discharge head assemblies, repair procedures for castings, tor-
sional shaft stress analysis, lateral and torsional shaft vibration analysis, and structural
dynamic analysis. The purchase documents should describe the desired submittals and
analyses including the acceptance criteria.
III.A.6 Shop inspections. This standard does not provide for inspections at the
manufacturer’s facility either during or after the pumps are constructed. If inspections
are required, the extent should be defined by the purchase documents.
III.A.7 Installation and alignment. This standard does not contain requirements
or recommendations regarding pump and driver installation or alignment of components
and piping. Further, this standard does not contain requirements or recommendations
regarding suction and discharge piping stiffness requirements for maintaining pump and
©

xix
driver alignment. It is not possible for pump manufacturers to make more than general
recommendations regarding installation and alignment. This is due to many factors that
can affect installation, some of which are beyond the control of the pump manufac-
turer. Additionally, the degree of installation and alignment precision desired on the part
of purchasers may vary significantly. Users of this standard should review the various
Hydraulic Institute standards and other standards regarding these subjects and provide
additional requirements in the purchase documents regarding installation and alignment
of the pump and driver system.
III.B. Basic Data for Vertical Pumps.
III.B.1 Construction requirements.
III.B.1.1 Specify type. Refer to ANSI/HI 2.1-2.2, Rotodynamic Vertical
Pumps or Radial, Mixed, and Axial Flow Types for Nomenclature and Definitions, for
a description of types. Select:
1. Barrel (can) pump with suction nozzle in discharge head or in barrel.
2. Deep well.
3. Wet pit with above-floor or below-floor discharge.
III.B.1.2 Specify line-shaft details and bearing details.
1. Open or enclosed line shaft.
2. For open line shaft specify bearing material (bronze or rubber).
3. For enclosed line shaft specify lubrication (water or oil).
III.B.1.3 Specify column pipe details.
1. Refer to appendix E for recommendations.
2. Specify nominal size, wall thickness, and material.
III.B.2 Driver details. Although drivers are not included in this standard, they are
an important component of a vertical pump. Refer to appendix E for recommendations.
III.C. Basic Data for Horizontal Pumps.
III.C.1 Construction requirements.
III.C.1.1 Specify type. Refer to ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2, Rotodynamic Centrifugal
Pumps for Nomenclature and Definitions, for a description of types. Select:
1. Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, flexible coupling.
2. Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, rigid coupling.
3. Separately coupled, single-stage, end suction.
4. Separately coupled, single-stage, horizontal, axial, or mixed flow.
5. Single-stage, horizontal, double- or single-suction split case.
6. Vertically mounted, horizontal, double- or single-suction split case.
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xx
IV. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions,
definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
V. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this revision
include the following:
1. Most sections of the standard underwent extensive revision.
2. Purchaser defined options are to be called out in the purchase documents.
3. A flow range requirement was added (Sec. 4.2.2).
4. New requirements were added for: castings (Sec. 4.2.1.6), impellers
(Sec. 4.2.1.8), shafts (Sec. 4.2.3), vibration limits (Sec. 4.6 and Sec. II.D), casings and
wear rings (Sec. 4.3.1.7), bowls (Sec. 4.4.3.1), and coatings (Sec. 4.5.5).
VI. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please contact Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at
303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098; or email at standards@awwa.org.
©

1
AWWA Standard
®
ANSI/AWWA E103-15
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA E103-07)
Line-Shaft Pumps
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope
This standard provides minimum requirements for horizontal centrifugal
pumps and for vertical line-shaft pumps for installation in wells, water treatment
plants, water transmission systems, and water distribution systems.
1.1.1 Service. Pumps described in this standard are intended for pump-
ing freshwater having a pH range between 5.5 and 10.0, a temperature range from
33°F to 125°F (14°C to 37°C), a maximum chloride content of 250 mg/L, and a
maximum suspended solids content of 1,000 mg/L, and that is either potable or
will be treated to become potable.
1.1.2 Pumps covered by this standard.
1.1.2.1 Driver power range: 10 hp to 1,500 hp (7 kW to 1,100 kW).
1.1.2.2 Rate of flow (at BEP): 100 gpm to 40,000 gpm (23 m3/hr to
9,100 m3/hr).
1.1.2.3 Maximum discharge pressure ratings. The maximum steady-state
pressure at the pump discharge (which considers the suction pressure, possible
operation for short periods at shutoff head, and the elevation of the discharge) is
limited to the pressure rating for the ANSI/AWWA C207 class of flange shown for
the pump types described below.
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2 AWWA E103-15
1. For horizontal pumps:
• Discharge 42 in. (1,067 mm) and larger: Class E (275 psig, 1,900 kPa).
• Discharge smaller than 42 in.: Class F (300 psig, 2,100 kPa).
2. For vertical line-shaft pumps: Class F (300 psig, 2,100 kPa).
1.1.2.4 Maximum steady-state suction pressure ratings.
1. For horizontal pumps: 50 psig (340 kPa).
2. For vertical line-shaft pumps: 100 psig (700 kPa).
1.1.3 Pump types included in this standard.
1.1.3.1 Horizontal pumps. Refer to Hydraulic Institute (HI) Standard
ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2 for a description of types:
1. Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, flexible coupling.
2. Separately coupled, single-stage, inline, rigid coupling.
3. Separately coupled, single-stage, end suction.
4. Separately coupled, single-stage, horizontal, axial, or mixed flow.
5. Single-stage, horizontal, double- or single-suction split case.
6. Vertically mounted, horizontal, double- or single-suction split case.
1.1.3.2 Vertical pumps. Refer to ANSI/HI 2.1-2.2 for a description of
types:
1. Barrel (can) pump with suction nozzle in discharge head or in barrel.
2. Deep well.
3. Wet pit with above-floor or below-floor discharge.
1.1.4 Drivers. This standard does not include drivers.
1.1.5 Conditions not covered by this standard.
1. Conditions resulting from water hammer, cavitation, and hydraulic
pulsations.
2. Excessive installed operating noise and vibrations, which may require
special design, construction, and installation.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for water
system pumps of the types identified in Sec. 1.1.
Sec. 1.3 Application
This standard can be referenced by the purchaser for pumps described in
Sec. 1.1.
©

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LINE-SHAFT PUMPS 3
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any
case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI*/AWWA C207—Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Service—Sizes 4
In. Through 144 In. (100 mm Through 3,600 mm).
ANSI/AWWA C210—Liquid-Epoxy Coating Systems for the Interior and
Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines.
ANSI/AWWA C550—Protective Interior Coatings for Valves and Hydrants.
ANSI/HI† 1.1-1.2—Rotodynamic Centrifugal Pumps for Nomenclature and
Definitions.
ANSI HI 1.4—Rotodynamic Centrifugal Pumps for Manuals Describing
Installation, Operation, and Maintenance.
ANSI/HI 2.1-2.2—Rotodynamic Vertical Pumps or Radial, Mixed, and
Axial Flow Types for Nomenclature and Definitions.
ANSI/HI 9.6.3—Rotodynamic (Centrifugal and Vertical) Pumps—Guide-
line for Allowable Operating Region.
ANSI/HI 9.6.4—Rotodynamic Pumps for Vibration Measurements and
Allowable Values.
ANSI/HI 9.8—Rotodynamic Pumps for Pump Intake Design.
ANSI/HI 14.6—Rotodynamic Pumps for Hydraulic Performance Accep-
tance Tests.
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sections VIII and IX.
ASME‡ B1.20.1—Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch.
ASME B4.1—Preferred Limits and Fits for Cylindrical Parts.
ASME B16.1—Gray Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 25, 125,
and 250.
ASME B46.1—Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay).
ASTM A27/A27M-13—Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon
for General Application.
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
†Hydraulic Institute, 9 Sylvan Way, Parsippany, NJ 07054.
‡ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
©

4 AWWA E103-15
ASTM* A36/A36M-14—Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel.
ASTM A47/A47M-99—Standard Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron
Castings.
ASTM A48/A48M-03—Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings.
ASTM A53/A53M-12—Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and
Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless.
ASTM A108-13—Standard Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy,
Cold-Finished.
ASTM A193/A193M-15—Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stain-
less Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Spe-
cial Purpose Applications.
ASTM A194/A194M-15—Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy
Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
Service, or Both.
ASTM A276/A276M-15—Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars
and Shapes.
ASTM A307-14—Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and
Threaded Rod 60,000 PSI Tensile Strength.
ASTM A351/A351M-15—Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic,
for Pressure Containing Parts.
ASTM A439-83—Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings.
ASTM A536-84—Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings.
ASTM A582/A582M-12e1—Standard Specification for Free-Machining
Stainless Steel Bolts.
ASTM A743/A743M-13ae1—Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-
Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application.
ASTM B16/B16M-10—Standard Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod,
Bar, and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines.
ASTM B148-14—Standard Specification for Aluminum-Bronze Sand
Castings.
ASTM B505/B505M-14—Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Continu-
ous Castings.
ASTM B584-14—Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for
General Applications.
* ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
©

ASTM F593-13a—Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap
Screws, and Studs.
AWWA Manual M11—Steel Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation.
ISO 1940-1—Mechanical Vibration—Balance Quality Requirements for
Rotors in a Constant (Rigid) State—Part 1: Specification and Verification of Bal-
ance Tolerances.
MSS* SP-55—Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fit-
tings, and Other Piping Components—Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface
Irregularities.
NEMA† MG 1—Motors and Generators.
NSF/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects.
NSF/ANSI 372—Drinking Water System Components—Lead Content.
SSPC‡-SP6—Commercial Blast Cleaning.
SSPC-SP10—Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard. Definitions of pump
components are included in Sec. 4.3.
1. Allowable operating range: Flow range at specified speeds with the impel-
ler supplied, as limited by cavitation, heating, vibration, noise, shaft deflection,
fatigue, and other similar criteria. This range is to be specified by the manufacturer.
2. Atmospheric head (hatm): Local atmospheric pressure expressed in ft (m).
3. Best efficiency point (BEP): The rate of flow and corresponding head
condition at which maximum pump efficiency is achieved.
4. Bowl assembly efficiency (hba): This is the efficiency obtained from the
bowl assembly, excluding hydraulic and mechanical losses within other pump
components.
5. Bowl assembly input power (Pba): The power delivered to the bowl assem-
bly shaft, expressed in hp (kW).
* Manufacturers Standardization Society, 127 Park Street, NE, Vienna, VA 22180.
†National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Arlington, VA 22209.
‡SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.
©

6 AWWA E103-15
6. Condition point, normal: The point at which the pump will normally
operate. It may be the same as the rated condition point.
7. Condition point, rated: The rate of flow, head, net positive suction head
required (NPSHR), and speed of the pump, as required in the purchase documents.
8. Condition point, specified: Synonymous with rated condition point.
9. Cosmetic defect: A blemish that has no effect on the ability of the com-
ponent to meet the structural design and test requirements of this standard. Should
the blemish or the activity of plugging, welding, grinding, or repairing of the blem-
ish cause the component to fail these requirements, the blemish shall be considered
a structural defect.
10. Datum: A horizontal plane that serves as the reference for head mea-
surements taken during test. Vertical pumps are usually tested in an open pit with
the suction flooded. The datum is then the eye of the first-stage impeller. Optional
tests can be performed with the pump mounted in a suction can. Irrespective of
pump mounting, the pump’s datum is maintained at the eye of the first stage
impeller.
For horizontal pump units, the pump’s datum shall be referenced from the
centerline of the shaft. For vertical double-suction pumps, the pump’s datum shall
be referenced from the center of the first/lowest impeller.
11. Electric motor input power (Pmot): The electrical input power to the
motor, expressed in hp (kW).
12. Elevation head (Z): The potential energy of the liquid because of its
elevation relative to datum level, measured to the center of the pressure gauge or
liquid level.
13. Field test pressure: The maximum static test pressure used for leak test-
ing a closed pumping system in the field if the pumps are not isolated. Gener-
ally, it is 125 percent of the maximum allowable casing working pressure. Where
mechanical seals are used, this pressure may be limited by the pressure-containing
capabilities of the seal.
Note: See definition for maximum allowable casing working pressure. Con-
sideration may limit the field-test pressure of the pump to 125 percent of the
maximum allowable casing working pressure on the suction side of double-casing
can-type pumps and certain other pump types.
14. Friction head (hf): The hydraulic energy required to overcome fric-
tional resistance of a piping system to liquid flow, expressed in ft (m).
©

15. Gauge head (hg ): The energy of the liquid because of its pressure rela-
tive to atmospheric pressure, as determined by a pressure gauge or other pressure-
measuring device. Gauge head is positive when the reading is above atmospheric
pressure and negative when below. Gauge head is measured in ft (m).
16. Head (h): The expression of the energy content of the liquid referred
to any arbitrary datum. It is expressed in units of energy per unit weight of liquid.
The measuring unit for head is ft (m) of liquid.
17. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
18. Maximum allowable casing working pressure: The highest pressure at
the specified pumping temperature for which the pump casing is designed. This
pressure shall be equal to or greater than the maximum discharge pressure. In the
case of double-casing can pumps, the maximum allowable casing working pressure
on the suction side may be different from that on the discharge side. Maximum
allowable casing working pressure is expressed in psi (kPa).
19. Maximum discharge pressure: The highest discharge pressure to which
the pump will be subjected during operation, which is expressed in psi (kPa).
20. Maximum suction pressure: The highest suction pressure to which the
pump will be subjected during operation.
21. Net positive suction head available (NPSHA): The total suction head
in ft (m) of water absolute, determined at the first-stage impeller datum, less the
absolute vapor pressure of the water in ft (m):
NPSHA = hsa – hvp (Eq 1)
Where:
hsa = total suction head absolute = hatm + hs (Eq 2)
or
NPSHA = hatm + hs – hvp (Eq 3)
In can pumps, NPSHA is often determined at the suction flange. Since
NPSHR is determined at the first-stage impeller, the NPSHA value must be
adjusted to the first-stage impeller by adding the difference in elevation and sub-
tracting the losses in the can.
22. Net positive suction head required (NPSHR): A minimum net positive
suction head given by the manufacturer/supplier for a pump achieving a specified
performance at the specified rate of flow, speed, and pumped liquid (occurrence
of visible cavitation, increase of noise and vibration due to cavitation, beginning
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8 AWWA E103-15
of head or efficiency drop, head or efficiency drop of a given amount, limitation
of cavitation erosion). Unless otherwise required in the purchase documents, a 3
percent drop in head (the accepted industry practice) will be used to determine
NPSHR and is defined as NPSH3.
23. Overall efficiency (hOA): Also referred to as wire-to-water efficiency,
this is the ratio of the power imparted to the liquid (Pw) by the pump to the power
supplied to the motor (Pmot); that is, the ratio of the water horsepower to the power
input to the motor, expressed in percent.
24. Pump efficiency (hp): The ratio of the pump output power (Pw) to the
pump input power (Pp); that is, the ratio of the water horsepower to the brake
horsepower, expressed in percent.
25. Pump input power (Pp): The power needed to drive the complete pump
assembly, including bowl assembly input power, line-shaft power loss, stuffing box
loss, and thrust-bearing loss. With pumps that have built-in thrust bearing, the
power delivered to the pump shaft coupling is equal to the pump input power.
With pumps that rely on the driver thrust-bearing, the thrust-bearing loss shall be
added to the power delivered to the pump shaft. It is also called brake horsepower
(bhp). Pump input power is expressed in hp (kW).
26. Pump output power (Pw): The power imparted to the liquid by the
pump. It is also called water horsepower, and is expressed in hp (kW).
27. Pump total discharge head (hd): The sum of the discharge gauge head
(hg) measured after the discharge elbow, plus the velocity head (hv) at the point of
gauge attachment, plus the elevation (Zd) from the discharge gauge centerline to
the pump datum. Pump total discharge head is measured in ft (m).
hd = hg + hv + Zd (Eq 4)
28. Pump total head (H): The measure of energy increase per unit weight
of the liquid, imparted to the liquid by the pump, expressed as the difference
between the total discharge head and the total suction head.
Total head is normally specified for pumping applications, since the complete
characteristics of a system determine the total head required. Total head is some-
times called total dynamic head (TDH).
29. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases prod-
ucts, materials, or work to be performed.
30. Rate of flow (capacity) (Q): The total volume throughput per unit of
time at the suction inlet. It includes both water and any dissolved or entrained gases
existing at the stated operating conditions. Rate of flow is measured in gpm (m3/hr).
©

31. Shutoff: The condition of zero flow when no water is flowing from the
pump during pump operation.
32. Single-plane balancing (also called static balancing): Correction of
residual imbalance to a specified maximum limit by removing or adding weight
in one correction plane only. Can be accomplished statically using balance rails or
by spinning.
33. Speed (n): The number of revolutions of the shaft in a given unit of
time. Speed is expressed as rpm.
34. Static suction lift (Zs): A hydraulic pressure below atmospheric at the
intake port of the pump, expressed in ft (m).
35. Structural defect: A flaw that causes the component to fail the struc-
tural design requirements or test requirements of this standard. This includes but
is not limited to imperfections that result in leakage through the walls of a casting
and failure to meet the minimum wall-thickness requirement.
36. Submerged suction: When the centerline of the pump inlet is below
the level of the liquid in the supply source.
37. Supplier: The party that supplies material or services. A supplier may
or may not be the manufacturer.
38. Total suction head (hs), closed suction: For closed suction installations,
the pump suction nozzle may be located either above or below water level.
The total suction head (hs), referred to the eye of the first-stage impeller, is the
algebraic sum of the suction gauge head (hg), plus the velocity head (hvs) at point
of gauge attachment, plus the elevation (Zs) from the suction gauge centerline (or
manometer zero) to the pump datum:
hs = hgs + hvs + Zs (Eq 5)
The elevation (Zs) is positive when the suction gauge is located above the
datum and negative when below.
39. Total suction head (hs), open suction: For open (wet pit) installations,
the first-stage impeller of the bowl assembly is submerged in a pit. The submer-
gence is expressed in ft (m) of water (Zw). Total suction head is measured in ft (m).
The average velocity head of the flow in the pit is small enough to be neglected:
hs = Zw (Eq 6)
Where:
Zw = vertical distance in ft (m) from free water surface to datum
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10 AWWA E103-15
40. Two-plane balancing (also called dynamic balancing): Correction of
residual imbalance to a specified limit by removing or adding weight in two cor-
rection planes. Accomplished by spinning on appropriate balancing machines.
41. Velocity head (hv): The kinetic energy of the liquid at a given cross
section. Velocity head is measured in ft (m). Velocity head is expressed by the fol-
lowing equation:
hv = v2
(Eq 7)
2g
Where:
v = rate of flow divided by the cross-section area at the point of gauge
connection; average velocity is expressed in ft/sec (m/sec)
g = 32.2 ft/sec2 (9.81 m/sec2)
42. Vertical pump bowl assembly total head (Hba): The sum of gauge head
(hg) measured at a gauge connection located on the column pipe downstream from
the bowl assembly, plus the velocity head (hv) at point of gauge connection, plus
the vertical distance (Zd) from datum to the pressure gauge centerline, minus the
submergence (Zw), which is the vertical distance from datum to the water level,
plus the friction loss between the bowl exit and point of gauge connection and
in the suction pipe and strainer, if used (hf ). These friction losses are usually very
small. Bowl assembly total head is measured in ft (m).
Hba = hgd + hv + Zd – Zw + hf (Eq 8)
43. Working pressure (Pd): The maximum discharge pressure that occurs
in the pump when it is operated at rated speed and suction pressure for the given
application. Working pressure is expressed in psi (kPa).
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Materials
4.1.1 Regulations. Materials shall comply with the requirements of the
Safe Drinking Water Act and other federal regulations for potable water, waste-
water, and reclaimed water systems as applicable.
4.1.2 Coatings, lubricants, and temporary corrosion prevention com-
pounds. These materials shall comply with NSF/ANSI 61 or NSF/ANSI 372
when applied to surfaces that include but are not limited to interior pump surfaces,
©

interior pump column surfaces, and the exterior surfaces of pumps or pump com-
ponents (usually vertical pump columns) immersed in water.
4.1.3 Pumpcomponents. Partnames,itemnumbers,anddefinitionsshown
on Tables 1 through 3 are copied from ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2, Rotodynamic Centrifugal
Pumps for Nomenclature and Definitions, and ANSI/HI 2.1-2.2, Roto-dynamic
Vertical Pumps or Radial, Mixed, and Axial Flow Types for Nomenclature and
Definitions. Item numbers refer to pump component locations as shown on draw-
ings located in the referenced ANSI/HI standards and shown in appendix A. If a
component does not have an item number, it is defined in this standard and not
the ANSI/HI standard. Materials listed are requirements for pumps meeting this
standard. If no material is listed, manufacturers may provide their standard mate-
rial, unless requirements are described in subsequent sections of this standard or in
the purchase documents.
The following are abbreviations used in the tables and elsewhere in this
standard:
• CRM: corrosion-resistant material
• CA: copper alloy
Additional requirements for materials are also defined in Sec. 4.1.4.
4.1.3.1 Alternative materials. Materials shown in Tables 1 through 3 are suit-
able for most applications with water meeting the conditions described in Sec. 1.1.1.
However, materials shown may not be appropriate for all applications, water quali-
ties, and jurisdictions.
1. Corrosion potential. Water may not be as corrosive as described in Sec.
1.1.1, or a long service life may not be required. In this case, materials such as cast-
iron or ductile-iron impellers may be appropriate.
2. Water quality. Some waters promote dealloying corrosion of some cop-
per alloys in the form of dezincification or dealuminization, particularly when the
material is exposed to water at high velocity. In this case, appropriate cast iron,
ductile iron, or stainless steel may also be required instead of the listed materials.
3. Regulatory requirements. Materials selected for components shown in
Tables 1 through 3, which are in contact with the pumped fluid, do not have
a lead content in excess of 1 percent except for bearings, which may contain as
much as 8 percent. Specific materials or alternative materials may be required to
meet regulatory requirements in some jurisdictions. The calculated weighted lead
requirements of NSF/ANSI 372 must be met in all circumstances.
©

12 AWWA E103-15
Table 1 Pump (horizontal or vertical) parts, materials, and definitions*†
Part Name
Item
Number† Definition
Materials List by
AWWA
Base plate 23 A member on which the pump and its driver are mounted. Cast Iron,
Steel 4
Bushing, stuffing box 63 A replaceable sleeve or ring placed in the end of the stuffing
box opposite the gland.
CA 3
Coupling half, driver 42 The coupling half mounted on the driver shaft. Steel 4
Coupling half, pump 44 The coupling half mounted on the pump shaft. Steel 4
Deflector 40 A flange or collar around a shaft and rotating with it to
prevent passage of liquid, grease, oil, or heat along the
shaft.
Steel 4 Rubber
Gasket 73 Resilient material used to seal joints between parts to
prevent leakage.
Gland 17 A follower that compresses packing in a stuffing box or
retains the stationary element of a mechanical seal.
Cast Iron
Stainless Steel 2
CA 4
Guard, coupling 131 A protective shield over a shaft coupling. Steel
Impeller 2 A bladed member of the rotating assembly of the pump,
which imparts the principal force to the liquid. Also
called a propeller for axial flow pumps.
CA 1 or 3
Stainless Steel
1 or 2
Key, impeller 32 A parallel-sided piece used to prevent the impeller from
rotating relative to the shaft.
Stainless Steel
1, 2, 3, or 4
Packing 13 A pliable lubricated material used to provide a seal around
that portion of the shaft located in the stuffing box.
Pressure bolting Fasteners used to assemble pump components, which can
be pressurized. Use stainless steel 5 or 6 for pressure
bolting that is wetted. Steel 5 can be used for nonwetted
bolting.
Stainless Steel
5 or 6
Ring, bowl (or case) 213 A stationary replaceable ring to protect the bowl (or case) at
the running fit with the impeller ring or the impeller.
CA 3
Stainless Steel
3 or 4
Ring, impeller 8 Provides water seal at impeller. CA 3
Stainless Steel
3 or 4
Ring, lantern 29 Spaces out packing to allow for injection of lubricant. CA 4
PTFE
Seal, mechanical,
rotating element
80 A device flexibly mounted on the shaft in or on the stuffing
box having a smooth, flat-sealing face held against the
stationary sealing face.
Seal, mechanical,
stationary element
65 A subassembly consisting of one or more parts mounted
in or on a stuffing box and having a smooth flat-sealing
face.
Spacer, coupling 88 A cylindrical piece used to provide axial space for the
removal of the rotating assembly or mechanical seal
without removing the driver.
Steel 3
Strainer 209 A device used to prevent large objects from entering the
pump.
Steel 4
CA 1, 2, or 3
Stainless Steel 1 or 2
Stuffing box 83 A portion of the casing through which the shaft extends
and in which packing or a mechanical seal is placed to
prevent or minimize leakage.
Cast Iron
*Part name, item number, and definition courtesy of Hydraulic Institute, ANSI/HI standards 1.1-1.2 and 2.1-2.2.
†Refer to Appendix A of this standard for illustration of pumps with numbered parts.
©

Table 2 Horizontal pump parts, materials, and definitions*† (continued)
Part Name
Item
Materials List by
AWWA
Base 53 A pedestal to support a pump. Cast Iron Steel
Bearing, inboard 16 The bearing nearest the coupling of a double-suction pump
but farthest from the coupling of an end-suction pump.
Bearing, outboard 18 The bearing most distant from the coupling of a double-
suction pump but nearest to the coupling of an end-
suction pump.
Bracket, bearing 125 Detachable bracket that contains a bearing.
Bushing, bearing 39 The removable portion of a sleeve bearing in contact with
the journal.
Bushing, interstage
diaphragm
113 A tubular-shaped replaceable piece mounted in the
interstage diaphragm.
Bushing, pressure
reducing
117 A replaceable piece used to reduce the liquid pressure at the
reducing stuffing box by throttling the flow.
Bushing, throttle,
auxiliary
171 A stationary ring or sleeve placed in the gland of a
mechanical seal subassembly to restrict leakage in the
event of seal failure.
Cap, bearing,
inboard
41 The removable upper portion of the inboard bearing
housing.
Cap, bearing,
outboard
43 The removable upper portion of the outboard bearing
housing.
Casing 1 The portion of the pump that includes the impeller
chamber and volute or diffuser.
Cast Iron
Ductile Iron 1 or 2
Steel 6
Collar, shaft 68 A ring used on a shaft to establish a shoulder for a ball
bearing.
Collar, thrust 72 A circular collar mounted on a shaft to absorb the
unbalanced axial thrust in the pump.
Coupling, oil pump 120 A means of connecting the driver shaft to the oil pump
shaft.
Coupling, shaft 70 A mechanism used to transmit power from the drive shaft
to the pump shaft, or to connect two pieces of shaft.
Cover, bearing end 123 A plate closing the tachometer port in the end of the
outboard bearing housing.
Cover, bearing,
inboard
35 An enclosing plate for either end of an inboard bearing of
double-suction or multistage pumps, or for the impeller
end inboard of the bearing of end-suction pumps.
Cover, bearing,
outboard
37 An enclosing plate for either end of the outboard bearing of
double-suction or multistage pumps, or for the coupling
end of the bearing of end-suction pumps.
Cover, oil bearing
cap
45 A lid or plate over an oil filler hole or inspection hole in a
bearing cap.
Cover, suction 9 A removable piece, with which the inlet nozzle may be
integral, used to enclose the suction side of the casing of
end-suction pumps.
(Table continued next page)
©

14 AWWA E103-15
Table 2 Horizontal pump parts, materials, and definitions*† (continued)
Part Name
Item
Materials List by
AWWA
Diffuser 5 A piece, adjacent to the impeller exit, that has multiple
passages of increasing area for converting velocity to
pressure.
Elbow, suction 57 A curved water passage, usually 90 degrees, attached to the
pump inlet.
Frame 19 A member of an end-suction pump to which are assembled
the liquid end and rotating element.
Cast Iron
Ductile Iron 1 or 2
Gasket, impeller
screw
28 Resilient material used to seal joint between hub of impeller
and the impeller screw.
Gasket, shaft sleeve 38 Resilient material used to provide a seal between the shaft
sleeve and the impeller.
Gauge, sight, oil 143 A device for the visual determination of the oil level.
Gland, stuffing box,
auxiliary
133 A follower provided for compression of packing in an
auxiliary stuffing box.
Guard, coupling 131 A protective shield over a shaft coupling.
Housing, bearing 99 A body in which the bearing is mounted.
Journal, thrust-
bearing
74 A removable cylindrical piece mounted on the shaft that
turns in the bearing. It may have an integral thrust
collar.
Key, bearing journal 76 A parallel-sided piece used for preventing the bearing
journal from rotating relative to the shaft.
Key, coupling 46 A parallel-sided piece used to prevent the shaft from
turning in a coupling half.
Locknut, bearing 22 A fastener that positions an antifriction bearing on the
shaft.
Locknut, coupling 50 A fastener holding a coupling half in position on a tapered
shaft.
Lockwasher 69 A device to prevent loosening of a nut.
Nut, impeller 24 A threaded piece used to fasten the impeller on the shaft.
Nut, shaft-adjusting 66 A threaded piece for altering the axial position of the
rotating assembly.
Nut, shaft sleeve 20 A threaded piece used to locate the shaft sleeve on the shaft.
Retainer, grease 51 A contact seal or cover to retain grease.
Ring, balancing 115 The stationary number of a hydraulic balancing device.
Ring, casing 7 A stationary replaceable ring to protect the casing at the
running fit with the impeller ring or the impeller.
Seal 89 A device to prevent the flow of a liquid or gas into or out of
a cavity.
Shaft 6 The cylindrical member on which the impeller is mounted
and through which power is transmitted to the impeller.
Shim 67 A piece of material that is placed between two members to
adjust their position.
Sleeve, shaft 14 A cylindrical piece fitted over the shaft to protect the shaft
through the stuffing box, and which may also serve to
locate the impeller on the shaft.
©

Table 3 Vertical pump parts, materials, and definitions*† (continued)
Part Name
Item
Materials List by
AWWA
Adapter, tube 195 A cylindrical piece used to connect discharge case to
enclosing tube.
Steel 3
Barrel or can, suction 205 A receptacle for conveying the liquid to the pump. Steel 4
CA 4 (for grease
lubricated only)
Bearing, line shaft
enclosed
103 A bearing that also serves to couple portions of the shaft
enclosing tube.
CA 3 (for water flush
applications)
Bearing, sleeve 39 A replaceable, cylindrical bearing secured within a
stationary member.
Rubber
CA 3
Bell, suction 55 A device used to receive the liquid and guide it to the first
impeller.
A flared tubular section for directing the flow of liquid
into the pump.
Cast Iron
Steel 6
Ductile Iron 1 or 2
Bowl, intermediate 199 An enclosure within which the impeller rotates and that
serves as a guide for the flow from one impeller to the
next.
Cast Iron
Steel 6
Ductile Iron 1 or 2
Case, discharge 197 Aid flow from bowl to pump column. Cast Iron
Steel 6
Ductile Iron 1 or 2
Case, suction 203 A device used to receive the liquid and guide it to the first
impeller. Differs from a suction bell in that it allows for
the attachment of suction piping.
Cast Iron
Steel 6
Ductile Iron 1 or 2
Collar, protecting 64 A rotating member for preventing the entrance of
contaminating material.
CA 2 or 3
Collet, impeller lock 84 A tapered collar used to secure the impeller to the pump
shaft.
Steel 3
Stainless Steel 4
Coupling, column
pipe
191 A threaded sleeve used to couple sections of column pipe. Cast Iron
Ductile Iron
Steel 3
Coupling shaft 70 A mechanism used to transmit power from the line shaft to
the pump shaft, or to connect two pieces of shaft.
Steel 3
Stainless Steel 3
Elbow 57 A curved water passage, usually 90 degrees, attached to the
pump inlet or discharge.
Cast Iron, Steel
Elbow, discharge 105 An elbow in an axial flow, mixed flow, or turbine pump by
which the liquid leaves the pump.
Cast Iron
Flange, top column 189 A device used to couple column to discharge head. Cast Iron
Steel 4
Head, surface
discharge
187 A support for driver and pump column, and a means by
which the liquid leaves the pump.
Cast Iron
Steel 4
Luricator 77 A device for applying a lubricant to the point of use.
Nut, shaft-adjusting 66 A threaded piece for altering the axial position of the
rotating assembly.
CA 4
Steel 4
Ductile Iron
Nut, tube 183 A device for sealing and locking the shaft-enclosing tube. Cast Iron
(Table continued next page)
©

16 AWWA E103-15
As noted in Sec. III.A.2.2 in the foreword, purchasers can require alternative
materials or limit manufacturer’s choices of material listed in this standard.
4.1.4 Physical and chemical properties. Materials shall conform to the
requirements of this subsection (see Table 4).
Sec. 4.2 General Design: Common to Horizontal and Vertical Pumps
4.2.1 Construction requirements.
4.2.1.1 Corrosion allowance. Iron and steel components subject to corro-
sion or erosion shall have an allowance of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm).
4.2.1.2 Machined joints. Component parts that are assembled together
shall have machined joints. Mating faces of bowls, bells, and casings shall allow the
parallelism of the assembled joint to be gauged. Components that require accurate
alignment when reassembled shall be designed with shoulders and rabbeted-fits.
4.2.1.3 Threading. Metric fine and unified fine (UNF) thread shall not
be used.
Table 3 Vertical pump parts, materials, and definitions*† (continued)
Part Name
Item
Materials List by
AWWA
Pedestal, driver 81 A metal support for the driver of a vertical pump. Cast Iron
Steel 4
Pipe, column 101 A vertical pipe by which the pumping element is suspended. Steel 2
Pipe, suction 211 A device for conveying the liquid to the pump’s suction. Steel 2
Plate, tension, tube 185 A device for maintaining tension on shaft-enclosing tube. Cast Iron
CA 4
Shaft, head 10 The upper shaft in a vertical pump that transmits power
from the driver to the line shaft.
Steel 1
Stainless Steel
3 or 4
Shaft, line 12 The shaft that transmits power from the head shaft or
driver to the pump shaft.
Steel 1
Stainless Steel
3 or 4
Shaft, pump 6 The shaft on which the impeller is mounted and through
which power is transmitted to the impeller.
Steel 1
Stainless Steel
3 or 4
Sole plate 129 A metal pad, usually imbedded in concrete, on which the
pump base is mounted.
Cast Iron
Steel 4
Tube, shaft-enclosing 85 A cylinder used to protect the drive shaft and to provide a
means for mounting bearings.
Steel 2
Umbrella, suction 95 A formed piece attached to the suction bowl to reduce
disturbance at pump inlet and reduce submergence
required.
Cast Iron
Steel 4
©

4.2.1.4 Wrench clearances. Adequate clearance shall be provided at bolt
locations to permit use of socket or box wrenches.
4.2.1.5 Structural defects. Components shall be free from structural
defects.
Table 4 Materials
Material Type Referenced Designation
Cast iron ASTM A48, Class 30
Copper alloy Type 1 (aluminum bronze) ASTM B148 or ASTM 505 alloys UNS C95200,
C95300, C95400, C95500, C95600, or C95800
Type 2 (silicon bronze) ASTM B584 alloy UNS C87600
Type 3 ASTM B505, ASTM B584 alloys UNS C90300,
C90700 and C89940; CDA C89835
Type 4 Alloys listed for “Type 3,” plus ASTM B505,
ASTM B584 alloys UNS C83600, C83800,
C84400, C93200
Type 5 (for fasteners) ASTM B16
Ductile iron Type 1 ASTM A536 Gr. 65-45-12
Type 2 (austenitic) ASTM A439 Gr. D-2
Malleable iron ASTM A47
Steel Type 1 ASTM A108, Gr. 1045
Type 2 ASTM A53 Gr. A
Type 3 ASTM A108 Gr. 1213, 1113, 1144, 1020
Type 4 ASTM A36, A283
Type 5 (for fasteners) ASTM A307
Type 6 ASTM A27 Gr. U-60-30, ASTM A 216 Gr. WCB
Stainless steel Type 1 ASTM A276, UNS S30400 Type 304, UNS
S30403 Type 304L, ASTM A351, UNS J92700
Type CF3, UNS J92600 Type CF8, ASTM A743,
UNS CF8M
Type 2 ASTM A276, Type 316L, ASTM A351, UNS
J92900 Type CF8M, UNS J92800 Type CF3M,
ASTM A743, UNS CF8M
Type 3 ASTM A276, UNS S41000 (Type 410 )
Type 4 ASTM A582, UNS S42000 (Type 416 )
Type 5 (for fasteners) ASTM A193 (or A194), Gr. 8 UNS S30400 Type
304, ASTM F593 UNS S30400 Type 304
Type 6 (for fasteners) ASTM A193 (or A194), Gr. 8M UNS SS31600
Type 316, ASTM F593 UNS SS31600 Type 316
©

18 AWWA E103-15
4.2.1.6 Castings. Castings shall be clean, sound, and without defects
that will weaken their structure or impair their service.
4.2.1.6.1 Surfaces of steel, stainless-steel, iron, and bronze castings shall be
free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears as determined by visual exami-
nation. Other surface discontinuities shall meet the requirements of MSS SP-55,
Table 1 and Annex A. Mould-parting fins and remains of gates and risers shall be
chipped, filed, or ground flush.
4.2.1.6.2 If visual examination reveals defects, repair the castings or pro-
vide new castings. Defects may be repaired by welding, provided the welder quali-
fications and welding procedures are in accordance with the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Provide postweld heat treatment per the cited
material specification or in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, Section VIII.
4.2.1.6.3 Unless otherwise allowed in the purchase documents, structural
defects may not be repaired.
4.2.1.6.4 Repairs within the bolt circle of any flange face shall not be
allowed.
4.2.1.7 Flanges.
4.2.1.7.1 Suction and discharge nozzles shall be supplied with flange
dimensions conforming to ASME B16.1 Class 125 cast iron, including bolt circle,
number, and size of bolt holes.
Flanges shall be flat-faced with the minimum thickness and diameter speci-
fied in ANSI Class 125.
Flanges 12 in. (305 mm) and smaller subject to a pressure exceeding 200 psig
(1,400 kPa) and flanges larger than 14 in. (360 mm) subject to a pressure exceeding
150 psig (1,030 kPa) shall conform to ASME B16.1 Class 250 cast-iron dimensions.
4.2.1.7.2 Steel flanges for suction and discharge nozzles shall conform to
ANSI/AWWA C207. Flange class shall be suitable for continuous service at the
maximum required pressure rating.
4.2.1.8 Impellers.
4.2.1.8.1 Impellers shall be cast in one piece.
4.2.1.8.2 Impellers having a ratio of diameter versus width less than or
equal to 6 shall receive a dynamic balance (a two-plane spin balance) to Grade
G6.3 of ISO 1940 as a minimum. Impellers having a ratio of diameter versus width
greater than 6 shall receive a static balance (a single-plane spin balance) to Grade
G6.3 of ISO 1940 as a minimum.
©

4.2.1.8.3 Unless otherwise required in the purchase documents, enclosed
impellers with diameters larger than 10 in. (250 mm) shall have replaceable wear
rings at wear surfaces or shall be designed to be machined to allow future ring
installation.
4.2.1.8.3.1 Enclosed impellers shall have radial wear surfaces on the front
(eye side) and, when balance holes are provided, on the back (hub side) as well.
4.2.1.8.3.2 When open or semi-open impellers are utilized, no wear sur-
face can be supplied on impellers. Refer to Sec. 4.3, General Design: Horizontal
Pumps, and Sec. 4.4, General Design: Vertical Pumps, for casing or bowl options
for wear surfaces.
4.2.1.8.4 Hardness of the impeller or impeller wear rings shall be a mini-
mum of 50 BHN (Brinell Hardness Number) less than that of the casing, bowl, or
casing wear rings, unless nongalling metals or galling clearances are used.
4.2.1.8.5 When installed, wear rings shall be held in place by rabbet-fit
and locked with screws, pins, anaerobic adhesives, or tack welded at three or more
points.
4.2.1.8.6 Replaceable wear rings of special gall-resistant materials may be
employed that would permit reduced running clearances. For materials with high
galling tendencies, such as 300 series stainless steels, 0.005 in. shall be added to
the above minimum clearances. High galling tendencies are typically observed in
materials that have nickel as a subcomponent.
4.2.1.9 Stuffing box.
4.2.1.9.1 The stuffing box shall accommodate five rings of packing, sized
from 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) to 1/7 in. (3.6 mm) of the shaft diameter, including any sleeve,
plus a lantern ring or a mechanical seal, split or solid, balanced or unbalanced, with
or without a throat bushing.
4.2.1.9.2 Construction details.
4.2.1.9.2.1 Packing or mechanical seals shall be replaceable without a
requirement to remove the driver.
4.2.1.9.2.2 Glands shall be held in place by a minimum of two bolts having
a minimum diameter of 3/8 in. (9.5 mm). Bolts shall be bronze (CA 4) or stainless
steel 2.
4.2.1.9.3 Packing details.
4.2.1.9.3.1 Provide an extra ring of packing and delete the lantern ring if
pumped fluid is clear and the pressure at the upstream face of the packing exceeds
10 psig (70 kPa).
©

20 AWWA E103-15
4.2.1.9.3.2 Cooling and lubricating water shall be supplied to the stuffing
box from an external source or from a connection to the pump discharge volute
(horizontal pumps only). Connecting piping, fittings, and valves shall be of CRM
and shall include a throttling valve. Provide a minimum ¼-in. (6.3-mm) NPT
(national pipe thread taper) connection for an external source.
4.2.1.9.4 Mechanical seals. Mechanical seals are a purchaser option.
4.2.1.9.5 Maximum stuffing box leakage.
1. Mechanical seal: 2 drops per minute.
2. Packing: 60 drops per minute, or as recommended by the pump manu-
facturer for the shaft size furnished.
4.2.1.9.6 Packing shall not contain asbestos.
4.2.2 Flow Range Requirement. Unless otherwise required in the pur-
chase documents, the pump shall be designed and constructed to operate over a
flow range of 70 percent to 120 percent of the flow at the BEP.
4.2.3 Shaft.
4.2.3.1 The first lateral and torsional critical speeds of the shaft shall be no
less than 120 percent of the maximum pump operating speed.
4.2.3.2 Shaft diameter selection shall be determined by the pump manu-
facturer based on the specified conditions of service. The shaft shall be designed
such that the steady-state and transient dynamic shaft stresses and coupling torque
shall be below the calculated shaft endurance limits and within the allowable cou-
pling torque limits throughout the specified conditions operation.
Sec. 4.3 General Design: Horizontal Pumps
4.3.1 Casing.
4.3.1.1 Casing shall be designed to produce a smooth flow with gradual
changes in velocity.
4.3.1.2 Casing, cover, and gland shall have a corrosion allowance of at least
1/8 in.
4.3.1.3 Suction and discharge nozzles shall be integrally cast into casing.
4.3.1.4 Casing shall be constructed to permit examination and removal of
impellers and other rotating elements without disturbing suction and discharge
piping connections or the pump driver. Provide jackscrews to facilitate disassembly
of the casing.
4.3.1.5 Casing shall include the means to facilitate disassembly without
requiring the use of wedges or prying elements, such as provision of tapped holes
for jackscrews.
©

4.3.1.6 The upper and lower casing halves for between bearings pumps
shall be flanged, bolted, and doweled together. The internal wall of the casing
halves shall match with not more than 1/16-in. overhang or underhang between the
two casing halves. Machined surfaces shall be provided where the upper casing
mates with the lower casing. Casings shall be designed and constructed complete
with integral supports that are adequate to withstand hydrostatic and dynamic
forces generated by the operation of the pump. Design of support connections
between the casing and the base shall consider the hydrostatic and dynamic forces
between the pump and connecting piping systems based on installation, in accor-
dance with the recommendation of ANSI/HI 1.4. Casings shall be provided with
lifting lugs or similar removable lift devices such as eye bolts on the upper casing.
4.3.1.7 4.3.1.7. The casing shall be provided with threaded (ASME
B1.20.0) drain connections in the bottom casing and threaded (ASME B1.20.1)
vent connections in the upper casing and suction chambers. Plugs in each of the
connections shall be provided. Minimum connection or outlet size shall be ½-in.
(12.7-mm) NPT.
4.3.1.7.1 When enclosed impellers are used, the casing shall be provided
with replaceable wear rings, which are held in place by rabbet-fit and locked with
screws, pins, anaerobic adhesives, or tack welded at three or more points.
4.3.1.7.2 When installed, wear rings shall be held in place by rabbet-fit
and locked with screws, pins, anaerobic adhesives, or tack welded at three or more
points.
4.3.1.7.3 Hardness of the casing ring shall be a minimum of 50 BHN
greater than the impeller or impeller wear rings (if furnished) unless nongalling
metals or galling clearances are used.
4.3.1.7.4 Replaceable wear rings of special gall-resistant materials may be
employed that would permit reduced running clearances. For materials with high
galling tendencies, such as 300 series stainless steels, 0.005 in. shall be added to
the above minimum clearances. High galling tendencies are typically observed in
materials that have nickel as a subcomponent.
4.3.1.8 When open or semi-open impellers are used, no casing ring is
required. Optionally the use of a wear plate on the suction side of the impeller in
the casing would aid in maintaining pump performance.
4.3.2 Shaft.
4.3.2.1 Shaft runout on the stuffing box or seal chamber face and at the
impeller shall not exceed 0.002-in. full indication movement. The shaft stiffness
©

22 AWWA E103-15
shall limit the total deflection under the most severe dynamic conditions over
the specified operating range of the pump, with the maximum impeller diameter
installed, to 0.002 in. at the primary seal faces or at the stuffing box faces.
4.3.2.2 Shafts and sleeves shall be machined and finished so that the sur-
face finish of the shafts or sleeves through the stuffing box and at the rubbing
contact-bearing housing seals shall not exceed a roughness of 32-µin. total indica-
tor reading (TIR).
Sec. 4.4 General Design: Vertical Pumps
4.4.1 Discharge head assembly.
4.4.1.1 Head. Head shall be an iron casting or a steel fabrication. It shall
be designed to mount the driver and support the pump column. Design shall con-
sider the dynamic forces and vibrations transmitted both by the driver and by the
pump. Openings covered by removable corrosion-resistant screens shall be pro-
vided for access to any seals, packing, tension devices, or line-shaft couplings. To
aid in alignment of the driver or other accessories, such as gears, to line shafting,
the head shall be designed with alignment registers with sufficient movement to
prevent binding of the device.
4.4.1.2 Discharge elbow. The discharge elbow may be located on the dis-
charge head assembly (usual for above-grade discharge) or on the pump column
(usual for below-grade discharge). If located on a cast discharge head, it shall be an
integral part of the discharge head casting. Fabricated elbows 12 in. (305 mm) and
larger shall be of the segmented design, using a minimum of three sections.
The discharge end of the elbow shall be flanged or plain end. Plain ends shall
have a minimum of three thrust lugs equally placed and of sufficient height to
allow installation of a sleeve coupling in accordance with AWWA Manual M11.
Note that thrust rods, which are not included in this standard, should be designed
to limit axial deflection to 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) when subject to the maximum
pressure that occurs in the pipe adjacent to the thrust rods at any time during
operation.
4.4.1.3 Sole plate. An opening in the plate shall allow removal of compo-
nents below the sole plate.
4.4.1.4 Tension nut. For pumps with an enclosed line shaft, a tubing ten-
sion nut shall be installed in the head to allow tension to be placed on the shaft
enclosing tube. Provision shall be made for sealing off the thread at the tension nut.
©

4.4.1.5 Line-shaft lubrication system.
4.4.1.5.1 Enclosed line-shaft pumps shall be provided with a manually oper-
ated sight-feed drip lubricator and an oil reservoir. Food-grade oil approved by the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) shall be used. Pressurized lubrication systems
using food-grade oil, water, or grease may be used instead of drip lubricators.
4.4.1.5.2 Open line-shaft pumps shall have fittings to allow prelubricating
water to impinge on the line shaft.
4.4.2 Column assembly.
4.4.2.1 Column pipe. Except for the top and bottom column sections
on water-lubricated open line-shaft pumps, column pipe shall be furnished in
interchangeable sections having a maximum length of 10 ft (3 m). Column pipe
over 12 in. (300 mm) in diameter shall be flanged. The length of the top and
bottom connections on open line-shaft water-lubricated pumps shall not exceed
10 ft (3 m).
4.4.2.1.1 On enclosed line-shaft columns, the ends of each section of the
pipe may be faced parallel and machined with threads to permit ends to butt, or
they may be fixed with ASME B1.20.1 standard tapered pipe threads.
4.4.2.1.2 On open line-shaft columns, the ends of each section of column
pipe shall be faced parallel, and the threads machined or flanged so that the ends
will butt against the bearing retainer shoulder to ensure proper alignment and to
secure the bearing retainers when assembled.
4.4.2.2 Line shaft. Line shafts shall not be less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in
diameter. Line shaft may be threaded up to 215/16-in. (75-mm) diameter. The
thread will be designed to tighten during normal pump operation. Larger than
215/16-in. (75-mm) diameter will be keyed construction. The line shaft shall have a
surface finish at bearing locations not to exceed 40 Ra per ASME B46.1. The shaft
shall be furnished in interchangeable sections having a length not to exceed 20 ft
(6 m) for an enclosed line shaft and 10 ft (3 m) for an open line shaft. They shall
be straightened to within 0.005-in. TIR per 10-ft section. For sections less than
10 ft, shafts shall be straightened to 0.002-in. TIR or 0.0005-in. per foot, which-
ever is greater. The butting faces shall be machined with center relief and square
to the axis of the shaft. The maximum permissible error in the axial alignment
of the thread axis with the axis of the shaft shall be 0.002 in. per 6 in. (0.05 mm
per 150 mm). The minimum size of the shaft shall be designed for the maximum
power defined on the pump performance curve and as determined by the following
©

24 AWWA E103-15
formula for steady loads of diffuser-type pumps with the shaft in tension because
of hydraulic thrust plus suspended weight:
S =
√



2F 


2
+ 


321,000P 


2
(Eq 9)
pD2 nD3
or
P = nD3
√
S2 – 


2F 


2
(Eq 10)
321,000 pD2
Where:
S = combined shear stress (psi)
F = total axial load acting on the shaft, including hydraulic thrust plus the
weight of the shaft and all rotating parts supported by it (lb)
D = minimum shaft diameter at the root of the threads or the minimum
diameter of any undercut or keyway (in.)
P = power transmitted by the shaft (hp)
n = rotational speed of the shaft (rpm)
Note: in. × 25.4 = mm; lb × 0.454 = kg; psi × 6.895 = kPa; hp × 0.746 = kW;
rpm × 0.0167 = rps.
The maximum combined shear stress, S, shall not exceed 30 percent of the
elastic limit in tension or be more than 18 percent of the ultimate tensile strength
of the material used. Additional stress concentration factors due to geometric dis-
continuities in the shaft such as keyways, steps, grooves, or radial holes shall be
included in the pump manufacturer’s shaft stress calculations.
4.4.2.2.1 When required in the purchase documents, provide line shafting
with hardened sleeves under bearings.
4.4.2.3 Shaft couplings. The maximum combined shear stress, determined
by the following formula, shall not exceed 20 percent of the elastic limit in ten-
sion, nor be more than 12 percent of the ultimate tensile strength of the coupling
material used.
S =
√



2F 


2
+ 


321,000P 


2
(Eq 11)
p(D2 – d2) n(D3 – d3)
Where:
S = combined shear stress (psi)
F = total axial load acting on the shaft, including hydraulic thrust plus the
weight of the shaft and all rotating parts supported by it (lb)
D = outside diameter of the coupling (in.)
©

AWWA-E103-Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps.pdf

AWWA-E103-Horizontal and Vertical Line-Shaft Pumps.pdf

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