1. - An assessment of water relations in
agriculture in St Vincent & the Grenadines.
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2.  Lennie D Adams
 Former Primary School Teacher, Ministry of
Education.
 Retired Senior Agricultural Officer (Extension
Services) of the Ministry of Agriculture.
 Diploma Agriculture – ECIAF/UTT.
 Post Graduate Diploma, Agricultural
Extension- University of the West Indies.
 Master of Science Degree – University of
Reading , England.
 Managing Director- ELAYES Enterprise.
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3.  Water resources of St Vincent and the
Grenadines.
- on land; marine; distribution.
 Uses in agriculture.
-crop irrigation; agro-processing; fishing;
livestock.
 Securing our future.
- protection and legislations.
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4.  It is estimated that St Vincent and the
Grenadines has an area of 34,399 ha .
 Of this, about 17,000 ha are agricultural
lands.
 About 13,000 ha are forested.
 La Soufriere is the highest point with an
elevation of 1,234 meters.
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5.  A back bone of mountains run down the
centre of the island from north to south.
 Numerous steep spurs branch from the
centre to the sea on the leeward or western
coast.
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6.  The terrain is extremely rugged with slopes
over 30 degrees.
 The spurs on the western side give rise to the
numerous valleys which are drained by
streams.
 The eastern coast line has gentle rolling
plains with steep valleys as you approach the
central interior
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9.  Rainfall and surface water: Rainfall ranges
from 7,000 mm per year in the interior to
1,800 mm per year in the coastal areas.
 The thirteen key watersheds yield
approximately 120 million cubic meters per
year of surface water.
 The national average is 3,000 mm per year.
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10.  There are 20 known major water supply
sources and hydro power sites.
 These exist in 13 major water catchment
areas.
 They supply a dry season intake of 17.1
million liters per day and a wet season intake
of 29.4 million liters per day.
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13.  SVG marine water resources include all
waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the
Caribbean Sea as determined by the Zones of
National Jurisdiction 1982 Law of the Sea
Convention.
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15. Nautical Mile:
This was developed in the age of sailing ships
and has become the international system of
measuring the ocean.
It is defined as one minute (1’) of latitude or
1.15 miles. A degree of latitude is
approximately 69 miles.
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16.  Nautical Mile:
A nautical mile is about 1852 meters or 6076
feet in length. It is longer than the statute
miles , the measurement used by the English
system. (5280ft or 1609 meters =1 mile).
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17.  Hydroponics: The production of crops in
water culture eg. (tomatoes and lettuce).
 Crop irrigation : Most of the agricultural lands
on the coast were irrigated during the middle
of the of the 20th. century.
 An irrigation programme was set up in the
mid 1990’s to service 400 acres with a target
of reaching 4000 acre.
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18.  The farms on Orange Hill, Langley Park and
Georgetown benefited from that programme.
 Banana under irrigation yielded 20 tons per
acre compared to 8 tons per acre without
irrigation.
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19.  Agro-processing: Water is used for driving
the wheels of the mill in the processing
arrowroot . (e.g. Owia Factory)
 For washing produce for processing and
packaging for the markets.( bananas, Lauders
agro processing plant, cassava processing)
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20.  Fishing: Fish is harvested from the ocean/sea
around the island and from the rivers and
streams.
Few attempts were made in aquaculture to
produce Tilapia. These were met with
numerous problems.
 Livestock production: All livestock require
water ad lib.
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21.  The King’s Hill Enclosure Ordinance 82 of 1926 –
No.5 of 1791: This reserves about 22 ha of
woodland on King’s Hill for the purpose of
attracting clouds and rain for the benefit of the
owner of the surrounding land. Penalties are
prescribed for squatting and cutting timber.
 Charcoal Ordinance 98 of 1926 (No.5 of 1906)
prescribes penalties for unlawful burning of
charcoal and is used to control charcoal burning
on Crown Lands.
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22.  Proclamation of August 22nd 1912. This
reserves all land above the 1,000 ft contour
as Crown Lands and to protect them against
any act that would be prejudicial to forest
conservation.
 Crown Land Ordinance 77 of 1926 (No.3 of
1906). Provisions are made for the
Superintendent of Crown Lands to make
regulations for management, sale, lease, and
prevention of squatting.
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23.  Maritime Areas Act (1983) and Act No.15 of 1993.The
acts define the marine areas of St Vincent and the
Grenadines and allow the State to define the
following:
 Internal Waters.
 Archipelagic Waters-(water around the islands)
 Territorial Seas
 Contiguous Zone(A region which extends between 24NM. A state
may exercise control necessary to prevent infringement on immigration,
customs, sanitary and fiscal laws ).
 Exclusive Economic Zone (area between 24NM and 200 NM
from coastline. Important for underwater resources and fishing).
 Territorial Extent
 Safety Zone
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24.  The Fisheries Act (1986) and Regulations
1987.They cover fisheries access agreements,
local and foreign fishing licensing,
processing, research, fisheries enforcement
and registration of fishing vessels.
 The legislation also specifies conservation
measures
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25.  Town and Country Planning Act (1992): Coastal
zone management.
 Forestry Act (1945) Mangrove Protection
 Mustique Conservation Act(1989) Management of
the conservation areas on and around Mustique
 CWSA Act(1978) control of land base water
 Public Health Act(1977) waste management
 Tobago Cays Marine Park Act(1999) critical
habitat management
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26. Thanks For Your Attention !
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