Different era of community mental health development

1. DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY
MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIA
PREPARED BY
MS LUDHIYA M
Asst professor
Dept of mental health nursing

2. COMMUNITY MENTALHEALTHNURSING
It is the promotion of mental health, prevention of
mental illness care and rehabilitation in community
setting

3. COMMUNITY MENTALHEALTH
Community mental health as a treatment philosophy
was mandated by the community mental health centres
Act of 1963, thus bringing about the shift of mental
health care from the institution to the community, and
heralding the era of deinstitutionalization

4. DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION
• movement that advocates the transfer of mentally
disabled people from public or private institutions,
such as psychiatric hospitals, back to their families or
into community-based homes

5. PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OF
PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES IN INDIA
• I PHASE-COLONIAL PERIOD-BEFORE
INDEPENDENCE
• II PHASE- SURING 1950S
• III PHASE- DURING Mid 1960s
• IV PHASE- DURING 1970
• V PHASE-1990s

6. I PHASE
• Before independence
• Establishment of lunatic asylums
(Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Bihar)
• Asylums had bad qualities
• Mentally ill was treated like criminals

7. • PHILIPPE PINEL, WILLIAM TAUKE,
BENJAMIN RUSH
started a movement against ill treatment in the
asylums
• Started human care and removed physical restraints

8. • DOROTHEA DIX: Inspector of institution for
mentally ill given more human treatment
• Established 32 hospitals in U.S

9. • ‘A mind that found itself’ by ex-patient Clifford. Beers
based on awful conditions of hospital leads to formation
of national mental health association in USA
• Adolf Meyer(1909) : Advocated management of mentally
ill patients outside the institution and proposed
comprehensive community mental health approach
• 1955-1980 – period of deinstitutionalization in USA and
western countries.

10. REASON FOR COMMUNITY MENTAL
HEALTHMOVEMENT IN INDIA
• Realization of western countries
• Realization that institution based psychiatric care
through trained professionals is very expensive
• Discovery that para-professionals and non-
professionals could deliver mental health care by
simple training

11. II PHASE
ERA OF MENTAL HOSPITALS
Established mental hospitals in
• Bangalore(NIMHANS)
• Amritsar
• Hyderabad
• Srinagar
• Jamnagar
• Delhi

12. • Dr. Vidyasagar allows the family members to stay
with patients in Amritsar hospital
• Showed that patients recovered fast and were taken
back to their homes.

13. III PHASE
• Growth of general hospital psychiatry units
• Mudaliar committee recommended to establish
psychiatric units in different districts

14. Advantages of general hospital psychiatric
units
• Shorter period of hospitalization
• Involvement of family members
• Greater acceptance of services
• Easily approachable without stigma
• Attracted more patients with minor mental health
problems
• Encourage more out patient care
• Integration of mental health into the general health
system

15. IV PHASE
• Extension of care from mental hospital and general
hospitals to the primary health care
• Mental health services extended to rural and under
privileged population

16. V phase
• Improvement of funding
• Involvement of voluntary and non-governmental
organizations
• Growth of private sector

17. THANK YOU…