MIS ASSIGNMENT

1. Table of Content
Contents
Table of Content......................................................................................................................................1
i. Executive Summary............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ii. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................5
1. The role of the Information System (IS) in the business, company, organization...........................8
a. For the success of business strategy.............................................................................................8
b. As a tool to measure the firm performance................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
c. For information Storage and Analysis .......................................................................................10
d. To assist with decisions making.................................................................................................10
e. To support the business processes..............................................................................................11
2. The size of the IS interims of:.........................................................................................................12
People.........................................................................................................................................12
Software .....................................................................................................................................12
Infrastructure (Hardware and communication devices).............................................................12
Services (Business processes supported) ...................................................................................13
3. The mission, vision and objective of the IS in respect to the strategic plan of the organization...14
4. Expected role of Information System in the organization.............................................................15
The problems..............................................................................................................................15
The contributions........................................................................................................................15
Factors not to able to play the expected role..............................................................................16
5. Information policy of the organization. .........................................................................................16
6. Information auditing (Information system auditing) of the organization......................................19
A. Procedures ..................................................................................................................................19
B. Maintenance ...............................................................................................................................20
C. System development ..................................................................................................................20
D. Purchased software.....................................................................................................................21
E. Access to data files.....................................................................................................................21
F. Application controls...................................................................................................................22
G. Output and Processing................................................................................................................22
H. Virus...........................................................................................................................................23
I. Power Supply .............................................................................................................................23
J. Communication network............................................................................................................23
K. General security..........................................................................................................................24
L. Personal policies (ICT staffs).....................................................................................................24
7. The role of IS on deciding the organization future plan................................................................25
8. My own recommendation to the organization. ................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
9.
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
Reference.................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Appendixes ..............................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Executive Summary
An information system is a formal, socio-technical, organizational system designed to collect, process,
store, and distribute information. IS, an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing
data and for providing information, knowledge, and digital products in logistics to run inter-organizational
supply chains and electronic markets. An information system is essentially made up of five components
hardware, software, database, network and people. Those five components integrate to perform input,
process, output, feedback and control. IS is being used in Pave logistics and trading plc. in conjunction with
customer relationship management and supply chain management systems to automate the service of the
clients. Information systems include enterprise resource planning systems to manage day-to-day business
activities such as accounting, procurement, project management, risk management and compliance, and
supply chain operations.
ERP is a complete system that can collect all internal resources of the organization and execute effective
planning and control to achieve maximum benefits. Its goal is to improve information, logistics, capital
flow, value flow, and business flow by using programming and control as a benchmark and using network
and information technology as a platform to integrate marketing, sales, and customers and improve
customer satisfaction. Functions such as market, planning, production, financing, quality, service, data
integration, and business process reengineering (BPR) are combined to solve the concepts and methods of
logistics & supply chain management (LSCM).
In the early 1990s, Gartner Group Inc, a well-known American computer technology consulting and
evaluation team based on the development of computer data processing technology and the needs of
enterprise supply chain management at the time, predicted this trend. In the information age, the
development of production management information systems and the upcoming changes make it possible
for the concept of ERP and the planning of business resources. It can be divided into three levels:
management ideas, software products, and management systems.
(1) The standard business management system proposed by Garter Group Inc. is developed based on
MRPII (Manufacturing Resource Planning). This is a management concept that supports the supply
chain.
(2) With integrating client/server systems, relational database structure, object-oriented technology,
graphical user interface, fourth-generation language (4GL), network communication software
products, another success in the information industry is based on the idea of ERP management.
(3) A business resource management system combines corporate management concepts, business
processes, basic information, human resources and materials, computer hardware and software. The
internal and external resources of the enterprise organization are managed and optimally configured
through the network. The conceptual hierarchy of a new generation of management information
system ERP that manages information at the enterprise level.

3. The development of ERP has gone through four main development stages:
The first step: MRP (Material Requirements Design) was created in the 1960s and is mainly used for
procurement management and inventory control. Its main function is to use BOM, inventory information,
and main production plan to calculate material requirements.
The second stage: Closed-loop MRP was created based on MRP in the 1970s. It combines original capacity
planning, capacity demand planning, production, and procurement, creating feedback and creating a closed
loop.
The third stage: MRPII.
The fourth stage: ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) was born in the early 1990s. On the basis of MRPII,
functions such as distribution management, human resource management, logistics management, quality
management, and decision support systems were added. Everything is an extension from supplier to
customer. ERP uses advanced information technology, such as network technology, Internet, graphical
interface, fourth-generation computer language, relational database, distributed database processing, and
open client/server system. As a result, the integration capabilities are enhanced and the organization’s
global operations can be supported.
In the era of rapid development of information, with the popularization of computers, the development of
science and technology, and the continuous growth of IT technology and business, the enterprise resource
planning (ERP) system has become a platform and guarantee for the completion of business management
processes after long-term operations. Establishing a logistics management information system is an
important means for Chinese companies to improve their logistics efficiency. This is the prerequisite for
modern companies to gain a competitive advantage in the management of logistics companies. Therefore,
organizations must adapt to different needs, fierce competition, and rapid strategic changes. This is a
powerful supplement to the nature of logistics companies. The logistics management information system
has continuously experienced the processes of MRP, MRP II, and ERP. This article aims to study how to
use computers in logistics management to create an ERP system-based enterprise logistics information
management system. This article puts forward the development significance of logistics information
management system, uses ERP system to analyze complex logistics business in detail, and designs the
overall framework, specific functions, and data model of the system in detail. The experimental results of
this paper show that the ERP system has important application value in the logistics information
management system of supply chain enterprises, and it can effectively increase the value of customer
satisfaction.
Logistics services are an indispensable part of corporate services. It is essential to improve the
competitiveness of the organization. The development of science and technology has brought about a
fundamental change in the competition of traditional companies, which is no longer the traditional
competition of geographical regions. Good logistics management methods can significantly reduce logistics
management costs and improve the value proposition of the business. Pave logistics and trading plc work to
meet continuously improve, improve competitiveness, improve logistics management methods, and improve
logistics management levels. Today, economic globalization is growing faster, and the depth and breadth of
commercial product development are also increasing. This puts forward new requirements for
organizational development, requiring organizations to meet their needs.

4. Jagoda and Samaranayake put forward the conceptual framework of ERP system implementation by
combining the state gate method with the pre implementation roadmap. It is found that an alternative
integrated method based on the phase gate method is proposed to implement the enterprise resource
planning (ERP) system, which will enhance the effectiveness of the ERP project. However, it is far from
enough to build a conceptual framework. The theory and practice should also be combined. At present,
choosing the right enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is the main challenge facing business
managers. Jafarnejad proposes a combined multi criteria decision (MCDM) method, which will determine
the most important use of Shannon entropy technology for ERP selection standard. Through this method,
the previous research results can be integrated, and the judgment of industry experts or organizational
managers can also be integrated to select the appropriate ERP system.
Superiority of ERP System
ERP system will bring direct and indirect benefits to enterprises; the following are its advantages:
(1) Business integration: At this time, it is the most advantageous point of all the advantages, because
the ERP system can realize the promotion of group business.
(2) It is highly adaptable: This is the second important advantage of the ERP system. The ERP system can
handle different currencies and accounting standards as a whole and at the same time carry out the
execution of different functions and assign them to different departments for implementation. This
adaptability is the basic prerequisite for adapting to the general trend of the organization and maintaining
the unity of the system.
(3) Better analysis and planning capabilities: ERP systems can make full use of various decision support
systems and decision simulation functions to comprehensively use relevant business data in real time, so
that decision makers have strong support, can ensure the correctness of decisions, and make decisions. The
correct strategy leads the development of the enterprise.
(4) Ability to apply the latest and most advanced technology: In order to benefit from the new development
of technology, ERP suppliers must quickly adjust their ERP systems, because ERP systems can adapt to
today’s fast-developing technology and gain in the information age. Operation enables companies to better
adapt to the ever-changing business environment.

5. INTRODUCTION
Pave logistics and trading Plc is a prominent logistics company which is incorporated in 2015, in Ethiopia
with dynamic young professionals. Proper panning, adopt automation and professionalisms are the current
strategies of Pave logistics and trading plc to satisfy the customers. “Quality service will not be assured by
mare wish only and as technology plays a major role in increasing the efficiency of any organization’s
information sharing, We provide accurate and real time information of our client’s cargo status with help
our database.” as the co-founder of Pave Logistics Mr. Fikadu Anbesu said.
Aligned with vision to become the most reliable and cost-efficient and for purpose of adapting to the
changing trends of business, pave logistics highly embrace the concept of continuous improvement.
- Offers a comprehensive range of quality logistics service to the clients. They have strong team of
dedicated and highly skilled on custom clearing to render you reliable services, finishes all tasks in a
committed time frame by following a rules and regulation applied by the government.
- Running attitudes towards utmost customer satisfaction enable pave logistics to leverage innovative
approach and fulfill their all needs.
- Services are highly appreciated in the market for on time delivery and high consistency.
In addition to experience held by the employee:
- Continuous training render by company, governmental and non-governmental organization
- Making Happy and motivating employee and
- Familiarizing with the culture of working 24/7 to render customer reliable service.
Some of customers they have been doing with;
 ANTEX TEXTILE PLC
 SUNSHINE ETHIOPIA WOOL TEXTILE PLC
 SUN APPAREL MANUFACTURING PLC
 LIGHTING UP AND SOLAR ENERGY PLC
 JEY JEY TEXTILE PLC

6.  HELA INDOCHAINE PLC
 ADAMA WATER AND SEWARAGE AUTHORITY
 ADDIS ABABA WATER AND SEWERAGE AUTHORITY
 JINGJING SHOES FACTORY
 HUMANWEL PHARMACTEUTICAL ETHIOPIA PLC
 CCECC
 KINGDOM (ETHIOPIA) LINEN PLC AND ETC
Pave logistics and trading plc business is driven from customers and they inspire their genuine customers’
to get in their activity measurement to reach the best service results.
Pave logistics and trading plc core services are:
1. Customs Clearing: Pave logistics are act as an intermediary between customers and customs. They
have experience and knowledge of customs laws and processes, which is useful for both customer
and customs while support traders by providing all necessary documentation and under taking
formalities taking cargo clearance. They also up hold government interests by ensuring compliance
with customs and other regulatory requirements and the collection of appropriate duties and taxes.
“In the ever-changing customs environment, we believe you might have suffered a lot and you are looking
for the best clearing solution, which offers a seamless clearing service.” Said Mr. Tamirat Jaleta, operation
manager, who smoothing out the customs compliance process which needs a strong knowledge and
experience. They are beside customers to solve all these intricacies at the clearing stage with their
commitment to pave uncomfortable business roads coupled with their immense knowledge of customs
compliance.
In order to minimize and or to avoid, the cost of detention due to documentation errors, misclassification,
misrepresentation, miss-declaration or lack of knowledge, pave logistics render a customs clearing and
compliance assessment with a highest standard of professionalism and ethics.
In order to fulfill all their promises, their office has also been engineered with the necessary facilities. Their
remote DTI and high-speed internet service coupled with their efficient and fast ERP system avoids any of
time delay in making declaration and exchange of customs related documents.

7. Working with pave logistics, any customer can assure that:
 They will have least cost of managing customs compliance.
 They can file and submit their documents online to the extent that the country’s platform allows.
 Can manage supply chain process clearly and efficiently more than any other time.
 Will avoid danger of non-compliance or post clearance audit risks.
You can assign all of your clearing related tasks to pave logistics and you can focus on your most valuable
activities and time for a better future.
2. Freight forwarding: More than any other surprise is, the time that your goods arrive at your and
safely in the first place and timely in the second place.
Their liaison office in Djibouti and professional operation department at quarter in Addis Ababa work
together seven days a week to smooth out the goods delivery process starting from the port to the point of
destination seamlessly.
3. Transportation
With their heavy load trucks and family truck supplies, totally they provide above 25 trucks for a specific
shipments at a time especially when it comes to deadline meeting activity. In addition to their truck
supplies, they are engaged in as member of transport association, which contains more than 250 heavy load
trucks currently. Due to these capacities, they provide a responsible transportation cost to the customers.
Manufacturing companies would enjoy their supply chain concept driven delivery and transportation. As a
manufacturing and especially exporting company, you have to get the most reliable and committed
transporter to solve the delivery time constraint.
For project cargo shipment, especially containerized shipments, they have the experience of clearing
shipments by document basis rather than piece by piece. This will help the project runner to benefit from
unnecessary delays in delivery time and project delivery lag behind schedule.
On the other hand, for over-sized cargo shipments, and those dangerous cargoes, especially IMCO class 8,
they have the experience to transport with strong and planned supervision as well as escorting services to
avoid any inconveniences during transportation and delivery.
Now, confidently pave logistics assure that, they have brought a culture of business-caring for their
customers’ business which will be manifested by short time delivery, seven days a week service,
professional consultancy in customs tariff, customs valuation, clearing of manufacturing goods for local

8. market as well as for export under ECMS or voucher scheme, clearing and forwarding of project goods, and
on humanitarian logistics.
Categorically, pave logistics render high quality transport, customs clearing, freight forwarding, break-bulk
warehousing, door-to-door delivery and professional consultancy services.
In general their supply chain concept driven forwarding delivery will provide the customer the most cost-
effective transport solution with its efficient delivery.
The role of the Information System (IS) in the business, Company, Organization.
a. For the success of business strategy.
Business Information System eases the process of decision making and simplifies the process of delivering
the required information and hence assists in taking better decisions instantly. With the constant change and
evolution of customer preferences and requirements, businesses that can bring about new methods and
innovative techniques can survive the market and continue to function as per the customer demands. The
implementation of information system can benefit a lot in businesses and helps in controlling the internal
and external processes.
Following are the benefits of information system in the success of business strategy:
New Products and Services: Any business striving to enhance and to give a strong hold on the future has
to instill a well organized business information system. An IS can help in analyzing independent processes
and enables organized work activities. Hence an information system entitles the companies to understand
how the company generates, develops and sells the services or products.
Information Storage: Keeping a log of activities is important for all the organizations, to understand the
reason for the problems and so to provide solution to the same.
Business Information System: makes it simple to store operational data, revision histories, communication
records and documents. The storing of data manually involves a lot of time and money. A sophisticated
Information system stores the information in the database which simplifies the process of finding the data
easily.
An IS has being used to increase business productivity and reduce service cycles, product
development cycles and marketing life cycles.
An IS is an evitable in the customs clearing, freight forwarding, break-bulk warehousing, door-to-
door delivery and professional consultancy services.
Service fee payment and other financial activities are under the implementation of an enterprise

9. information system.
Companies with an excellent IS would have more problems surviving than one with poor systems.
Many points of integration and resource dependencies exist among our information systems.
Other outcomes include higher operational and cost savings.
B. As a tool to measure the firm performance
Using information technology to measure business performance involves IT systems gathering data and
analyzing it. Business performance management systems allow managers to examine details about
organizational activities. Performance measurement should include five main dimensions, namely:
financial, market and customer, process, staff development and standards for the future. Those are
categorized by three “effs”: efficiency, effectiveness and efficacy. The financial dimension should be
reflected in indicators such as sales, profits and return on investment. The dimension of the market and
customers should evaluate customer satisfaction, retention and service quality. The dimension of the process
should include evaluation of the length and quality of the processes. The dimension of employee
development should evaluate employees’ options, their motivation, and the capacity of information system.
The supply chain system is characterized by seven performance dimensions, which are cost, quality, time,
productivity, flexibility, reliability, and customer service
As written on the pave logistics plc profile book, the company is successful in those dimensions, and IS
helps them to get the customer satisfaction and the market share in the industry of private limited
company.

10. C. for information Storage and Analysis
Information systems store, update and even analyze the information, which the company can then use to
pinpoint solutions to current or future problems. Furthermore, these systems can integrate data from
various sources, inside and outside the company, keeping the company up to date with internal
performance and external opportunities and threats. An IS is currently used in conjunction with customer
relationship management and supply chain management systems to automate the service of the customers.
Information systems include enterprise resource planning systems (ERPs), relational databases and
mainframe transaction processing systems. Pave logistics and trading plc that has used Enterprise Recourse
Planning (ERP) as a means to plan and manage its resources. The application of a system will certainly
affect employee performance and organizational performance.
D. To assist with decisions making
Information systems collect and store the company's key data and produce the information managers need
for analysis, control, and decision-making. Companies use computer-based information systems to automate
documentation processes and clear customs compliance.
One needs information to identify a problem and put it in a structured manner. Without information about a
problem or opportunity, the decision-making process does not even start. Without information about the
context in which the problem has occurred, one cannot take any decision on it. Every day these systems

11. process thousands of business transactions in which data are entered, manipulated, and stored for both
operational and informational purposes. The resulting information resources constitute a valuable
institutional asset that is used for analysis and decision making.
E. To support the business processes
Business Information System can be effectively implemented to help communication better between the
employers and the employees. Information systems allow us to communicate with a variety of audiences
efficiently, and this allows us to strengthen our relationships with these different stakeholders. With the use
of information systems we can:
 Create, manage and track events, and analyze various marketing initiatives
 Stores documents and files in folders that can be accessed and shared by the employees.
 Oversee the flow of information between the management and the lower-level employees
 Allows the front-line employees to be a part of the decision making process.
Information systems provide the ability for us to build relationships with prospective customers, meet the
needs of existing clients and maintain the ongoing relationships. Our success depends on better services to
the users of the right information at the right time.

12. 1. The size of the IS interims of:
 People
There is IT department professionals and instructors who have 13 years experience versed him to be
active and multidimensional in strategic involvements and decisions of the company. Above this, all
the customers and workers of the company are the part of IS.
 Software
There are two services which work together to give the customer access to various applications.
o Software Centre
Install software without needing to contact the IT support centre. Available exclusively on all managed
computers.
o Applications website
The applications website contains information about the software that is available to users from the
company, when they use Wi-Fi.
 Infrastructure (Hardware and communication devices)
The company is working on both of hardware and communication devices infrastructure. That means,
dealing with systematic application of the resource of scientific knowledge they have gone through
thorough research to come-up with the gap in the industry and they have discovered that there needs to be
done a lot of works to fill the gap especially in Paving the way of clearing and forwarding which is the
motor for any Economy in this world. Based on this fact, they came-up with highly sophisticated and
customized service solutions, which really filled the gap at its own stake for those clients who tasted it so
far. The company believes that this positive externality will bring a change in the industry and will
revolutionize the business culture that has been running to date.

13.  Services (Business processes supported)
IS is dedicated to providing support for the development of their service. To brought a culture of business-
caring for their customers:
 Clearly articulate a vision, mission, and purpose of the company
 Adopt work flow to provide reliable logistics service with competitive price.
 Define the necessary inputs and outputs of the supply chain to make international trade easier,
increasing efficiencies, and highly qualified end-to-end service.

14. 2. The mission, vision and objective of the IS in respect to the strategic plan of the organization.
As explained on the Pave logistics and trading plc profile book and mass media the company’s vision,
mission and objectives are:
Vision: To be one of top five reliable logistics company in Ethiopia by 2025.
Mission: -Promoting system based logistics service,
- Building ethical and professional team to provide reliable logistics service with competitive price.
- Making International trade easier: particularly for customers to achieve their objectives by creating
flexible and adaptable business environment and by rendering highly qualified end-to-end service.
Objectives: - Inspiring business Precision
- Conduct quality and outcome based training for employees to produce active human resource and
supply to the industry;
- Having a multidimensional service provision mentality, Pave Logistics serves the local market
impeccably by Land transportation in Import/Export, Canvassing of Sea Freight, Airfreight sales,
clearance and transportation to and from customers' premise, value added services on consultancy on
compliance, and many more.
Therefore, the vision, mission and objective of IS is inseparable from the strategy of the organization and
the company uses IS to achieve their vision, mission and objectives. IT determines their vision for customer
service and the relationships they want to foster. For example, the company implements marketing and
campaign management first in the documentation department and then expands its use into assessor, data

15. store, and transistor. Contact center applications may first be implemented in IT and then rolled out to
customer services, clients, and other areas.
3. The Implementation of Information System in the organization.
 The problems
The major problem areas that phase in Pave logistics are design, data, cost, and operations. The design
indicate that the most frequently encountered challenges are creating realistic estimates regarding the time
and resources required to complete the project, understanding patterns of collaboration or information
exchange across units in the organization and handling the documentation types. Data includes Duplicate
data, Data transformation errors, Lack of complete information and Manual data entry errors; cost includes
Poor Communication & Visibility with Stakeholders, No Standard Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), and
Underestimating Time & Budget Needed.
 The contributions
Information system facilitates planning and control of the logistical activities related to order fulfillment. A
management information system helps a company become more competitive, by making better tactical and
strategic decision for the benefits of the firm and its customer. It reports and identifies what is working and
what are not .these reports give owners the information they need to make decisions and improve the
performance of their employees and the business.
The contribution of IS in the companies are:
 Managing operations
 Supporting customer interactions
 Making data driven decision
 Collaborations on teams
 Gaining competitive advantage
 Improving individual productivity
Pave logistics and trading plc IS contributes:

16.  Reduction in stock levels and costs particularly of transportation and storage
 Synchronizing the processes of supply, production and distribution
 Improvement in customer service and satisfaction
 Establishing communication within the logistics chain.
Factors not to able to play the expected role
One of the key challenges posed by the advent of the logistics industry is to develop the role of investors as
the supply chain workers within broader, integrated supply chain management systems. Entrepreneurial
Operating System (EOS) is one of the modern management systems, has not been adopted and applied in
this company. Awareness of EOS is still in its infancy at Company compared with its status in the business
sector. If the company uses EOS properly, it can solve its problems including IS related challenges.
The Companies have to continuously grapple with limited budget, weak and inadequate infrastructure, lack
of resources and facilities, manpower problems, etc. Naturally, we pay little heed to the issue of
entrepreneur operating system management, which call for considerable investment in terms of money,
time, planning and efforts.
4. Information Policy of the Organization.
Pave logistics and trading plc considers that, in pursuing business activities, it is the responsibility of the
Company to protect information, the disclosure of which may lead to privacy concerns for the customer or
identification of the individual.

17. All personal information provided by the customer, including Web-, email- and phone-based inquiries, will
be handled as follows.
 Personal information is information that identifies the customer; it includes names,
positions, addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses.
 When collecting personal information, the Company will disclose the purpose of
information collecting and will collect only necessary information
 The Company will prevent personal information collected from being leaked or
altered and will prevent unauthorized access to the information.

18.  The Company will not provide or disclose the information to a third party, except:
1. when there is an official written request for cooperation or information from an
individual or organization with the legal authority to disclose the information
2. When there is agreement from the customer.
 If a customer wishes to review or modify personal information, the Company will accede
only when the customer is identified by using the procedure specified by the Company.
 The Company will comply with domestic laws and other rules applicable to personal
information held by the Company. It will review the personal information protection policy
so as to improve it as appropriate.
These policies will help ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the company information and
resources for all members of the customers
Access Control - The integrity, confidentiality and availability of the company information resources
will be protected by logical and physical access control mechanisms commensurate with the value,
sensitivity, risk of loss or compromise and ease of recovery of these resources.
Electronic Mass Communications - Members of the company are encouraged to use email, the web,
wechat and other forms of electronic mass communication to facilitate the efficient and effective
presentation and delivery of information.
Information Security – Academic and business information resources are critical assets of the
company and must be appropriately protected.
Network Attached System Security Policy - The Company will take all prudent and reasonable
measures to secure the systems that are attached directly to its internal network and indirectly to the
external Internet.

19. Accountability - Individual accountability must be maintained
.
5. Information auditing (Information system auditing) of the organization
An IS audit is the process of collecting and evaluating evidence of an organization's information systems,
practices, and operations. The evaluation of obtained evidence determines if the information systems are
safeguarding assets, maintaining data integrity, and operating effectively to achieve the organization's goals
or objectives. These reviews may be performed in conjunction with a financial statement audit, internal
audit, or other form of attestation engagement. This definition provides a very broad ambit for an IS audit
and covers a review of all or any aspect of the information and communication technology environment
from development to deployment, from planning to monitoring and from acquisition to delivery.
A. Procedures
Audit procedures are used by auditors to determine the quality of the financial information being provided
by their clients, the auditor must obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence by performing audit
procedures to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion regarding the financial statements under audit.
This section Defines audit evidence; Defines relevant assertions and discusses their use in assessing risks
and designing appropriate further audit procedures; Discusses qualitative aspects that the auditor considers
in determining the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence; and Describes various audit
procedures and discusses the purposes for which they may be performed.
The Information systems assets of the organization are being protected by a system of internal controls. It
includes protection of hardware, software, facilities, people, data, technology, system documentation and
supplies. This is because hardware can be damaged maliciously, software and data files may be stolen,
deleted or altered and supplies of negotiable forms can be used for unauthorized purposes. The IS auditor
will be require to review the physical security over the facilities, the security over the systems software and
the adequacy of the internal controls. The IT facilities must be protected against all hazards. The hazards
can be accidental hazards or intentional hazards.

20. B. Maintenance
The Maintenance Audit approach is to collect information on your current maintenance processes, and from
the maintenance information systems used at your operation, and analyses them for maintenance process
improvement opportunities.
A maintenance audit is a comprehensive review of an organization's equipment inventory, maintenance and
repair processes, in-house facilities, and procurement procedures.
The company’s routine operation of ERP resources may result in the creation of log files and other records
about usage. This information is necessary to analyze trends, balance and perform other essential
administrative tasks.
C. System development
During the planning, auditors should communicate with the organization for audit objectives, and to get
relevant information about its information system
The overall objective of a System Development Audit is to help an organization ensure that new systems are
introduced on a controlled basis and that the new system on implementation is secure, controlled, capable of
audit and meets regulatory requirements where specified.
The company information system contains all basic processes Such as:
 Documentation process;
 Freight forwarding activities
 The management and administration of the company;
 Human resources;
 Financial activity and accountability
 Customs clearing activity;
 Door to door services;
 Consultancy;
 Port handling.
 Warehouse
All information systems involve two basic software called the operating system and the database. Both have
the ability to control access to the data and applications. The operating system controls access at the
directory and files level, while the database controls access at the record and field level. All operating
systems have two types of facilities, namely, authentication and authorization. Authentication allows only
the authorized users to access the systems. Authorization, allows just-minimum-access to the files and
directory. To manage both these facilities in all operating systems there is a facility called systems

21. administration. The first thing the auditors should do, when they start working under the new operating
system is to get to know the authorization, authentication and system administration functions relating to
these facilities.
D. Purchased software
The IS auditor should understand the purchasing system and it’s Item, quantities, or
other information relating to the order may be incorrectly. The IS auditor should also take appropriate steps
to protect the integrity of the organization’s system and files since these utilities can easily damage the
system and its files. The IS auditor also should be aware that test data analysis can be extremely complex
and time consuming, depending on the number of transactions processed, the number of programs tested,
and the complexity of the programs/system. The auditor’s objectives in the audit of purchases are:
1. Consider the internal control over purchases
2. Determine the existence of purchases
3. Determine that the client has the rights to the recorded purchases
4. Establish the clerical accuracy of the records and supporting schedules of purchases
5. Determine the valuation of purchases
6. Determine that the presentation and disclosure of inventories and cost of goods sold is adequate
including disclosure of classification of inventories, accounting methods and any inventories
pledged as collateral for loans.
E. Access to data files
In any enterprise using file servers to store and share data, auditing is important to ensure data security. You
can monitor multiple file servers in your domain. In this article, you will see how to track who accesses files
on Windows File Servers in your organization, using Windows Server’s built-in auditing. At the end of the
article, you will also see how to do it effortlessly through Lepide File Server Auditor (part of Lepide Data
Security Platform).
Here are the steps to track who read a file on Windows File Server.
 Step 1 – Set ‘Audit Object Access’ audit policy

22.  Step 2 – Set auditing on the files that you want to track
 Step 3 – Track who reads the file in Windows Event Viewer
When using IT resources or resources owned by third parties that are accessed using IT resources,
Individuals must comply with all applicable the country laws, all applicable private limited company rules,
ordinances and policies and the terms of any contract or license which governs the use of the third-party
resource and by which the Individual or the company is bound.
F. Application controls
Application controls are controls over the input, processing and output functions. This includes several top-
level items. Files are used, whether correct output files are created, and whether the job accounting
information accurately reflects the proper processing steps. IT application or program controls are fully-
automated (i.e., performed automatically by the systems) designed to ensure the complete and accurate
processing of data, from input through output. These controls vary based on the business purpose of the
specific application. These controls may also help ensure the privacy and security of data transmitted
between applications.
Application controls are those controls that pertain to the scope of individual business processes or
application systems, including data edits, separation of business functions, balancing of processing totals,
transaction logging, and error reporting. Application controls are transactions and data relating to each
computer-based application system and are specific to each application. The objectives of application
controls, which may be manual or programmed, are to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the records
and the validity of the entries made therein. The Categories of IT application controls may include
authentication, authorization, identification, input controls, completeness checks, and validity checks.
G. Output and Processing
Output is the outcome of processing. A system feeds on input to produce output in much the same way that
a business brings in human, financial, and material resources to produce goods and services. A major
objective of a system is to produce an output that has value to its user. Whatever the nature of the output
(goods, services, or information), it must be in line with the expectations of the intended user.

23. Professional outcomes are indeed key to a meaningful supply chain management, and focusing on being
part and parcel of customer is essential to inform esteemed customers and improve logistics industry
processes and supply chain management.
H. Virus
A computer virus is a computer program that has the ability to copy itself to other computer programs or
data files. That is, the virus program code is added to the code of some "legitimate" program. A computer
virus is a malicious piece of computer code designed to spread from device to device. A subset of malware,
these self-copying threats is usually designed to damage a device or steal data. . Thus, Pave logistics and
trading Plc uses regular updating system of antivirus to protect its files from virus.
I. Power Supply
Internet has made the information transfer very fast and the technological developments have changed the
way of working of the organizations. Computers have revolutionized the management of the information.
Internet has made the organizations more strong and has become more flexible to easily adjust to changing
needs of the customers. Companies and individuals can use internet to exchange business transactions, text
messages, graphic images, and even video and sound. The Power Quality Audit (PQA), is a service offered
by Socomec that checks the reliability, efficiency and safety of an organization’s electrical system.
J. Communication network
Network analysis is one of the instruments in the communication audit toolbox to
diagnose communication problems within organizations. The communications network in today's data
processing environment represents an area of significant exposure for computer.

24. K. General security
Security audits will help protect critical data, identify security loopholes, create new security policies and
track the effectiveness of security strategies. Regular audits can help ensure employees stick to security
practices and can catch new vulnerabilities. An information systems security audit (ISSA) is an independent
review and examination of system records, activities and related documents. Also, security audit is an
unexplored area and requires a simple framework to guide the process.
L. Personal policies (ICT staffs)
Personnel audit is a term used for a case study of human resources in the organization. Its subject is an
objective and independent review and assessment of the condition and suggestion of solutions to increase
the effectiveness of individuals, organizational units and whole organization. The IS audit's agenda may be
summarized by the following issues: -
 Availability:
 Confidentiality:
 Integrity:
The IS audit focuses on determining risks that are relevant to information assets, and in assessing controls in
order to reduce or mitigate these risks. By implementing controls, the effect of risks can be minimized, but
it cannot completely eliminate all risks.

25. 7. The role of IS on deciding the organization future plan.
The information system is a model of the majority processes, executing at organizations. The fact that the
customer principals operatively can get reliable shipment report and tracking information helps to control
them in real environment 24/7 wherever they are in the world. The registration of the received documents
was created in ERP system, improving the customer’s time delay in making declaration and exchange of
customs related documents. At the same time, the filing and submit documents online to the extent that the
country’s platform allows. In addition, the signed contracts between the company and clients are registered.
Information system renders the information concerning these contracts and helps to control their execution.
Strategic planning affords stakeholders in an organization to help the project runner to benefit from
unnecessary delays in delivery time and project delivery lag behind schedule. Planning is a management
process concerned with defining goals for a company's future direction and determining the resources
required to achieve those goals. And the supply chain concept driven forwarding delivery will provide the
most cost effective transport solution with its efficient delivery using the modern advanced information
technology systematic management ERP.

26. 8. Recommendation
Information systems are great tools for managing and exactly targeting the great number of customer and
prospective clients. Regular reporting helps us identify trends, avoid danger of non compliance, adapt our
workflows, post clearance audit risks, analyze the success of our service and plan effective campaigns for
the better future. While implementing a IS is quite costly and time-consuming, the return on investment is
clear as soon as doing things professionally with high precision and performance measurement come up
with the best service output.
The use of information technologies is an essential component of a company's strategy to succeed in a
rapidly changing world. Contemporary information technologies make it possible for companies to create
information systems for effective communication and mutual understanding among staff members, as well
as to support the decision making process at all levels of management.
In the today's rapidly changing competitive business environment, only flexible and dynamically
developing companies are able to meet competition, companies that have managed to reduce
costs and improve business efficiency through the introduction of advanced information
technologies.
Whether the clients are local based or international company incorporated in Ethiopia, they have to go
through the customs clearing process while they import and export. In order to minimize and or to avoid the
cost of detention due to documentation errors, missclassification, misrepresentation, missdeclaration or lack
of knowledge, Management Information Systems (MIS) provide regular information across functional areas
to the customer to allow them to make decisions based on data rather than guesses. This is essentially
important for growth business.

27. 9. Conclusion
Enterprise resource planning System is a complete set of simple concepts and practical tools
that has helped thousands of entrepreneurs get what they want from their businesses. It is a
complete system that can collect all internal resources of the organization and execute effective
planning and control to achieve maximum benefits.
ERP simplifies the business structure to include a sophisticated and customized service solutions,
putting the right people in the right seats, clearing of manufacturing goods for local market as
well as for export under Ethiopian customs mortal system (ECMS) or voucher scheme,
articulating and acting on the core values of the company, openly discussing the root issues
behind problems in the business, and creating accountability for completing assigned smart goals
in a timely manner. A special attention given to how employees can work with their managers to
both better understand /implement ERP and what they can personally take on to successfully
adapt to it on humanitarian logistics.

28. i. References
- Pave logistics and trading plc. Profile book.
- Pave logistics and trading plc media
ii. Appendix
www.isworldwide.com
www.ERPworldwide.com