This document provides information about communication processes at Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), the largest telecommunication service provider in India. It discusses BSNL's network infrastructure, which includes transmission modules using PDH and SDH systems, broadband internet services, wireless local loop technologies like CDMA, and an optical fiber network. The document also describes network elements like DSLAMs, exchanges, and how different technologies transmit voice and data signals to end users.

1. JAYOTI VIDYAPEETH WOMENS UNIVERSITY
PRESENTED BY-
JV’N SHREYA SANKRITYAYAN
COMMUNICATION PROCESS IN
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM
LIMITED

2. ABOUT BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LTD
• BSNL is an Indian state owned telecommunications company
headquartered in New Delhi, India.
• It is the largest provider of fixed telephony and fourth
largest mobile telephony provider in India, and is also a provider
of broadband services. BSNL is India's oldest and largest
communication service provider (CSP).
• It has 24 telecom circles, 2 metro districts, 6 project circles, 4
maintenance regions, 5 telecom factories, 3 training institutions
and 4 specialized telecom units.

3. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
• To get a feel of the work environment
• To use the experience gained from the ‘Industrial
Training’ in discussions held in the lecture rooms.
• To apply the engineering knowledge taught in the lecture
rooms in real industrial situations

4. CONTENTS :
 TRANSMISSION MODULE
 BROADBAND
 WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP
 OPTICAL FIBRE

5. TRANSMISSION MODULE
1. Transmission is a method of conveying voice ,data , image ,signal or
video information .
2. Generally for transmission system is of two types -
1) Plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH)
2) synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
3. PDH system is of different types :-
1.First order mux : 2/64 Kbps (for banks)
2.Second order mux : 2/8 Mbps
3.third order mux : 2/34 Mbps
4.Fourth order mux : 2/140 Mbps

6. INSTRUMENTS IN TRANSMISSION :
1.Digital transmission analyser (DTA) :
- To analyse 2.048 Mbps signal
2.Power meter :
- To measure optical fibre power
3. SDH analyser :
- STM 1 level measurement
4.Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR):
- To measure fiber length and fibre loss
5.Splicing : To joint fibre

7. STM 1 WORKING :
VOICE (PHYSICAL)
↓
ELECTRICAL
↓
MULTIPLEXER
↓
DIGITIZE
↓
MULTIPLEXER
↓ MDF
BTS

8. BANK LINE TRANSMISSION :

9. BROADBAND :
• Broadband is an “An always-on data connection that is able to
support interactive services, and has the capability of minimum
download speed of 256 kbps”.

10. ADVANTAGES OF BROADBAND :
• Always on
• Fast speed (speed ranging from 256 kbps -2 mbps)
• No disconnection
• No additional access charges.
• Telephone and data simultaneously.

11. BROADBAND SERVICES :
• High speed internet access .
• Video on demand .
• Interactive games .
• Share market dealing and personal banking .
• News ,travel and leisure information .
• Music , movie download .
• Chat room and news group.

12. BROADBAND CONNECTION :
• A DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) is a
network device, usually at a telephone company central office,
that receives signals from multiple customer Digital Subscriber
Line (DSL) connections and puts the signals on a high-
speed backbone line using multiplexing techniques.

13. BROADBAND CONNECTION TO HOME
DSLAM (64 PAIR ONE CARD )
↓
MDF
↓ U/g cable
HOME (BB CONNECTION )
↓
FILTER
↓ ↓
Set phone Modem

14. TAX (TRUNK AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE )
• It is an exchange which is used to connect one trunk to another
trunk.
• In TAX we have 21000 line for subscriber.
• TAX is only for landline subscribers.
• TAX : routing and charging of landline subscribers .
• TAX detects the call combination ratio (CCR).
• In TAX only first 3 digit of number is used as a code .

15. WLL :
• WLL : WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP
• CDMA is a wireless transmission technology .
• This allows more users to communicate on the same network at
one time than if each user was allotted a specific frequency
range.
• EXCHANGE →MDF →CABINET→DP →HOME
(subscriber)
DP : Distribution panel
MDF : Main distribution frame

16. ARCHITECTURE OF CDMA :

17. DIAGRAM OF BTS :

18. OPTICAL FIBRE

19. TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER