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blood component.pptx
1. BTS (BLOOD TRANSFUSION SCIENCES)
Mr. L. BRANDONLYONGA
Professional M.Sc In Chemical Pathology
Facilitator
Department of Medical LaboratorySciences
Facultyof HealthSciences, Universityof Buea
2.
3. Blood-the “River of Life”
Blood is the only fluid tissue in the human body. Blood
is classified as a connective tissue. Blood carries
nutrients, waste, and body heat through blood
vessels.
• Components of blood
– Living cells
• Formed elements
– Non-living matrix
• Plasma
4. Blood Composition
If blood is centrifuged
– Erythrocytes sink to the bottom (45%
of blood, a percentage known as the
hematocrit)
– Buffy coat contains leukocytes and
platelets (less than 1% of blood)
• Buffy coat is a thin, whitish layer
between the erythrocytes and
plasma
– Plasma rises to the top (55% of blood)
The formed elements (blood cells) make blood
heavier and 5 times thicker (more viscous)
than water.
6. Physical Characteristics of Blood
• Color range
– Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet
red
– Oxygen-poor blood is dull
red
• pH must remain between 7.35–
7.45
Acidosis (pH7. 2) Death (pH 7)
7. Physical Characteristics of Blood
• Blood temperature is slightly higher than body
temperature at 100.4°F
• In a healthy man, blood volume is about 5–6
liters or about 6 quarts
• Blood makes up 8% of body weight
8. Functions of Blood
• Functions include (More details on next 3
slides)
– Distributing substances
– Regulating blood levels of substances
– Protection
9. Distribution Functions
• Delivering O2 and nutrients to body cells
• Transporting metabolic wastes to lungs
and kidneys for elimination
• Transporting hormones from endocrine
organs to target organs
10. Regulation Functions
• Maintaining body temperature by
absorbing and distributing heat
• Maintaining normal pH using buffers;
alkaline reserve of bicarbonate ions
• Maintaining adequate fluid volume in
circulatory system
12. Blood Plasma
Composition
• Composed of
approximately 90%
water
• Includes many
dissolved substances
– Nutrients
– Salts (electrolytes)
– Respiratory gases
– Hormones
– Plasma proteins
– Waste products
13. Blood Plasma
• Plasma proteins
– Most abundant solutes in
plasma
– Most plasma proteins are
made by liver
– Various plasma proteins
include
• Albumin—regulates
osmotic pressure
• Fibrinogen: Clotting
proteins—help to stem
blood loss when a blood
vessel is injured
• Globulins: Antibodies—
help protect the body
from pathogens
36. Demonstration of antigen/antibody
reactions
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
• Lock and Key Concept
The combining site of an antibody is located in
the Fab portion of the molecule and is
constructed from the hyper variable regions of
the heavy and light chains. X-Ray crystallography
studies of antigen-antibody interactions show
that the antigenic determinant nestles in a cleft
formed by the combining site of the antibody.
37. • Thus, our concept of antigen-antibody reactions is one
of a key (i.e. the antigen) which fits into a lock (i.e. the
antibody).
• Non-covalent Bonds;
• The bonds that hold the antigen to the antibody
combining site are all non-covalent in nature. These
include hydrogen bonds, electrostatic bonds, Van der
Waals forces and hydrophobic bonds. Multiple bonding
between the antigen and the antibody ensures that the
antigen will be bound tightly to the antibody.
