Powerpoint Presentation of the intro for the circulatory system: blood.

1. Saladin - Chapter 18.1 – 18.5

2. Describe the functions and major components of
the circulatory system
Describe the components and physical properties
of blood
Describe the composition of blood plasma
Explain the significant of blood viscosity and
osmolarity
Describe in general terms how blood is produced

3. Functions of the Circulatory System
 TRANSPORT
 PROTECTION
 REGULATION

4. Consists of:
 Heart
 Blood vessels
 Blood
 Cardiovascular system:
▪ Heart
▪ Blood vessels

5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57wrBvyp
4jQ&noredirect=1
Circulatory System Animation

7. The blood carries O2 from the lungs to body’s
tissues, while it picks up CO2 from those tissues
and carries it to the lungs for removal
It picks up nutrients from the GI tract and
delivers to all of the body’s tissues
Carries metabolic wastes to the kidneys for
removal

8. Carries hormones from endocrine cells to
target cells
Transports variety of stem cells from bone
marrow and other origins to the tissues
where they lodge and mature
Helps to regulate body temp by carrying heat
to the body surface for removal

9. Blood plays role in inflammation, a mechanism
for limiting the spread of infection
WBCs destroy microorganisms and cancer cells
Antibodies and other blood proteins neutralize
toxins and help destroy pathogens
Platelets secrete factors that initiate blood
clotting and other processes for minimizing blood
loss

11. By absorbing or giving off fluid under
different conditions, the blood capillaries
help to stabilize fluid distribution in body
By buffering acids and bases, blood proteins
help to stabilize the pH of the extracellular
fluids

13. Plasma
Formed Elements

14. Erythrocytes
Platelets
Leukocytes (WBCs)
 Granulocytes
▪ Neutrophils
▪ Eosinophils
▪ Basophils
 Agranulocytes
▪ Lymphocytes
▪ Monocytes

16. Formed elements – to -plasma
 A ratio seen by spinning blood sample within a centrifuge
 Erythrocytes – densest, therefore sink to bottom
▪ Make up ~45% of the total volume = hematocrit
 WBC’s and platelets make up a narrow cream- or buff-
colored zone, the buffy coat, just above the RBCs, ~1%
 At top of tube is pale yellow plasma, ~55%

17. Name the different types of Leukocytes
 Ans – in the margin
What are 3 protective mechanisms for
keeping the pH of the blood at homeostasis?
 Ans - Respiratory system, carboxylic buffering,
renal system

20. A complex mixture of water, proteins,
nutrients, electrolytes, nitrogenous wastes,
hormones, and gases.
SERUM – what is left when the blood blots
and the solids are removed
 Nearly identical to plasma except for the absence
of the clotting protein fibrinogen

21. Protein
 Most abundant plasma solute by weight
 Play role in clotting, defense, and transport of other solutes
(iron, copper, lipids, and hydrophobic hormones
 3 major categories of proteins
▪ Albumins
▪ Globulins
▪ Fibrinogen
Nitrogenous Wastes
 Toxic end products of catabolism
 Urea most abundant

23. Albumins
 Smallest and most abundant plasma protein
 Serves to transport various plasma solutes and buffer
the pH of the blood plasma
 Make a major contribution to 2 physical properties of
blood
▪ Viscosity
▪ Osmolarity
Globulins
Fibrinogen

24. Albumins
Globulins
 Divided into 3 subclasses; from smallest to largest molec. wt
▪ Alpha
▪ Beta
▪ Gamma –
 Play various roles in solute transport, clotting, and immunity
Fibrinogen

25. Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
 A soluble precursor of fibrin, a sticky protein that
forms the framework of a blood clot

26. Transports nutrients absorbed by the digestive tract
 includes glucose (blood sugar), amino acids, fat,
cholesterol, phospholipds, vitamins, and minerals
Transports some of the oxygen and carbon dioxide
carried by blood
Carries substantial amount of dissolved nitrogen
 Free nitrogen normally has no physiological role in the
body, but it becomes important under circumstances such
as scuba diving/aviation

27. Sodium ions constitute ~90% of the plasma
cations.
Sodium is more important than any other
solite for the osmolarity of the blood

28. Viscosity – resistance of a fluid to flow,
resulting from the cohesion of particles
 RBC or protein deficiency reduces viscosity,
causes blood to flow too easily
 Puts strain on the heart

29. The total molarity of
those dissolved
particles that cannot
pass through the
vessel wall
Substances must pass
between the bl stream
and tissue fluid thru
capillary walls
 Depends on osmosis

30. Occurs in red bone marrow
All blood cells are derived from a common
stem cell (Hemocytoblast)

32. Unable to divide, grow, or synthesize proteins
Wear out in 100-120 days
When worn out, are eliminated by phagocytes in
the spleen or liver
Lost cells are replaced by division of stem cells

36. What is the name of the cell that all blood
cells originate from?
What is the process called when red blood
cells are produced?
What type of ions constitute most of blood
plasma, and have a significant role in
osmolarity?