実例とともに言語学の基礎知識を学ぼう!

2. lagénorhynquelagénorhynque
(defprofile lagénorhynque
:id @lagenorhynque
:reading "/laʒenɔʁɛ̃k/"
:aliases [" "]
:languages [Clojure Haskell English français]
:interests [programming language-learning law mathematics]
:commits ["github.com/lagenorhynque/duct.module.pedestal"
"github.com/lagenorhynque/duct.module.cambium"]
:contributes ["github.com/japan-clojurians/clojure-site-ja"])

3. 1.
2.

5. (comparative linguistics)(comparative linguistics)
(language family) > (branch)
cf. (languages)

6. (Indo-European)
(Italic):
(Germanic): ,
(Balto-Slavic):
(Afro-Asiatic)
(Semitic):
(Sino-Tibetan)
(Sinitic):
( ): ,
etc.

7. (linguistic typology)(linguistic typology)
(morphological typology)
(isolating language):
(agglutinative language): ,
(in ected language): ,
, , ,
(incorporating language):

8. (word order)
: , ,
: , , ,
:
etc.
SOV
SVO
VSO

9. ( )( )
(phonogram)
(phonemic script)
(alphabet):
, ,
(abjad): ,
(abugida):
(syllabic script)
(logogram):
(ideogram):

11. : ( ? +
? > ?)
:
: SOV
: ( ) ( > )
/
/

12. Watashi wa shiro wain ga ippai nomitai.

13. / ( ; Hànyǔ)/ ( ; Hànyǔ)
: >
:
: SVO
: ( )
( )

14. Wǒ xiǎng hè yībēi bái pútáojiǔ.

15. / English/ English
: >
:
: SVO
: ( > >
)
/

16. I want to drink a glass of white wine.

17. / français/ français
: >
:
: SVO
: ( > >
)

18. Je veux boire un verre de vin blanc.

19. / Deutsch/ Deutsch
: >
:
: SOV
: ( > >
)
V2

20. Ich möchte ein Glas Weißwein trinken.

21. / русский язык (russkiy yazyk)/ русский язык (russkiy yazyk)
: >
:
: SVO
: ( > >
)
/

22. Ya khochu vypit' stakan belogo vina.
Я хочу выпить стакан белого
вина.

23. // ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ (allughat alearabia)(allughat alearabia)
: >
:
: VSO
: ( > >
)
3

24. 'urid 'an 'ashrib kwbana min alnabidh al'abyadi.
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أر‬.

25. / Türkçe/ Türkçe
: ( ? >
?)
:
: SOV
: ( > >
)
/
/

26. Bir kadeh beyaz şarap içmek
istiyorum.

27. Further ReadingFurther Reading
( )