Cognitive Information Processing - Decoders definitions

1. Chapter 3:
Cognitive
Information
Processing
By: Christy and Shelly

2. Sensory Memory
1. The first stage of information processing.
a. Five senses are involved
b. Holds information in the memory for a brief
amount of time until information is
processed.

3. Sensory Memory
Selective Attention
✘ What the learner is able to
select and process all while
ignoring other information.
Automaticity:
✘ Tasks are overlearned or
sources of information
become habitual to the
extent that the attention
requirements are minimal
Pattern Recognition
✘ Refers to the process
whereby environmental
stimuli are recognized as
exemplars of concepts and
principles already in memory
Stroop Effect
✘ When a person has difficulty
recalling information
because of using conflicting
skills

4. Working Memory
✘This is your short-term memory.
✘Processing is carried out even further to
ready it for long term storage.
✘Holds information for a short amount of
time.
✘Information is limited.

5. Strategies to Enhance Your Short Term
Memory
Chunking:
Creating larger bits of
something in order to
memorize it
Rehearsal:
Repetition of
something in order to
memorize it.
Encoding:
Relating something to
something important
or using mnemonics
to help remember
something.

6. Long Term Memory
✘ Permanent home for information.
✘ Long term information is transferred from short term memory to
long term memory.
✘ Can retain unlimited information.
Semantic Memory:
- General information
that can be recalled
independently of
how it was learned.
Episodic Memory:
- Memory for specific
events

7. Retrieval:
Once information is in the LTM, it can be
retrieved for use, retained or forgotten.
Recall: Information is retrieved with no cues, or hints to help them remember.
Recognition: uses a set of pre generated stimuli.
Forgetting: Failure to encode, retrieve and interference.
● Failure to Encode: Information given during retrieval was never learned.
● Failure to Retrieve: inability to access previously learned information
● Interference: other events or information got in the way of effective retrieval