Winner of the Technical Association of the Graphic Arts 2019 Design Award

2. Technical Association of the Graphic Arts
Ball State University Chapter 2019
1

3. BSU TAGA
Technical Association of the Graphics Arts
Ball State University Student Chapter 2019
All authors retain the rights of the research included
in this journal. No part can be reproduced without
permission of the author and publisher.
Published by Ball State University TAGA
https://www.facebook.com/ballstate.taga.96
Graphic Arts Management
School of Art
Ball State University
2000 W University Ave
Muncie, IN 47306
bsu.edu
2

4. Table of Contents
Message from our TAGA Advisors
Message from our Chapter President
Message from IN-LSAMP
Superhero Biographies
At Brimstone Academy
About IN-LSAMP
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
The Fight Scene
Thank you to our Heros
Ball State’s TAGA Chapter
IN-LSAMP Advisor Biorgraphies
Our Sponsors
Final Acknowledments
Publisher’s information
4
6
7
8
10
15
16
26
36
48
58
68
78
86
102
114
116
126
118
128
132
133
3

5. As the faculty advisor for the student chapter of TAGA at Ball State
University, I am pleased to announce, “We are back!” As we kick off our first
journal in four years, students are already planning for the future. Last year
we attended with two students. Through them, the spark was made.
However, with our club’s return, we lacked the articles typical for a
TAGA student journal. Not to be deterred, we collaborated with the BSU IN-
LSAMP who was eager to participate in this project. Through this endeavor,
we have increased our chapter membership by 500% and built a strong
foundation with an eye toward the future.
As our program continues to grow, we plan to move closer to
the original intent of the student chapter model, but in the meantime, we
are grateful to be part of the TAGA family once again. We are excited to
participate in the 71st
Annual TAGA conference in Minneapolis, MN.
I would like to sincerely congratulate our team for their diligent work
and enterprising spirit. Their efforts have made this journal great success.
Also, a special thanks to Dawn Ney and Konica Minolta for making the
production of our journal possible. Their support continually provides our
students with a quality education and opportunities for the future. Thank you
Dawn.
Best regards,
Hans P. Kellogg
A Message from our TAGA
Faculty Advisors
4

6. It has been enjoyable working with TAGA this year. Our team has
been a fun group of individuals who are very excited and motivated to come
up with original material. Our TAGA club raises funds in order to go to the
TAGAAnnual Conference by printing various types of products, and in my
responsibility as Co-Advisor, I have been involved in sourcing the materials
such as shirts at lower costs for them. The students have been industrious,
hard-working, and determined to create the best journal possible and I
congratulate them.
TAGA offers students with so many more learning opportunities than
just classwork can provide. My hope and aspiration for this club is that they
are able to grow by this experience. They have learned to work together as a
team, set goals, share responsibilities, create friendships, and understand how
to fulfill customer’s needs.
Sincerely,
Mr. René Church
a Message from Our TAGA
Faculty Advisors
5

7. This year, Ball State’s chapter of the Technical Association of the
Graphic Arts has respectfully surpassed our previous years. The members
of TAGA have proven that they can take on a lot of work with a creeping
timeline but also make the roles they were given their own. We have
overcome countless challenges and found new opportunities to shine.
Bringing our own craft and idealisms into our team while forming new
values, beliefs, perspectives, and a contract that does not limit us but shows
us a route to the conference every year moving forward.
Ball State’s chapter of TAGA showed progress and individualism in
roles they had never embraced before. My team braved and excelled through
fundraising, client relations, estimating, marketing, designing and printing
to be right where we are now. We love what our chapter has created with the
theme of comic book design and the heroes themselves from scratch. We
hoped to show how science, design, and print production could produce a
story worth holding in your hands and enjoying for years to come.
With every line, every color, and every word, we hope to bring our
chapter’s reputation above and beyond the standards of the Printing Industries
of America and ascend to super-like greatness in the world of print. I am very
proud of this team and as it’s leader I know I can leave this group in any of
their deserving hands and TAGA would continue to live and breathe.We hope
to share the magic that is design like only Ball States chapter of TAGA can.
A special thanks to the Ball State Graphic Arts Management department, Ball
State’s organization of LSAMP, the authors of the science research, Konica
Minolta, Hans Kellogg, Rene Church, the Printing Industries of America, and
every member of Ball State’s chapter of the Technical Association of Graphic
Arts that made this journal possible.
Sincerely,
Brandon Treinen
Ball State Chapter President
a Message from our TAGA
Chapter President
6

8. This publication is a compilation of research projects done by a
very special group of Super Heroes! Our heroes are Ball State University
undergraduate students who belong to the Indiana Louis Stokes Alliance for
Minority Participation (IN-LSAMP) in the Sciences Program.
The research within this publication are the summaries of LSAMP
students’ ten-week intensive research projects and we are so pleased to partner
with our Ball State TAGA students who will show them off in this colorful,
appealing, and unusual format! The collaboration with these graphic art
students has been fabulous. The team has shown outstanding communication
skills with our science faculty and students, a sensitivity to the ‘sanctity’ of a
scientists’ research data, and great imagination and style in their presentation.
My sense is that the TAGA team has grown in organizational, collaborative, as
well as technical skills during this project.
What have we gained as scientists? Unfortunately, scientists have
traditionally been bound by classical formats of data presentation and we
have been temporarily cut loose from these boundaries in this collaboration.
We benefit from others ideas and perspectives. We have been reminded that
sparking the interest of non-scientists is essential to our society understanding
science, its benefits, and its consequences.
Finally, this immersive learning program, which is a hallmark of Ball
State University undergraduate education, shows that great things come from
sharing ideas with others outside our discipline. All we had to do was walk
across the street! We are grateful for this opportunity.
Thank you BSU TAGA Team, you are super heros too!
Sincerely,
Patrica Lang
Professor of Chemistry, Ball State University
Co-Principal Investigator, IN-LSAMP
A Message from the Co-Principal
of IN-LSamp at BSU
7

9. 8

10. 9

11. the darkness has come to claim
what belongs to it, and Along
the way threatening the very
foundation of Brimstone.
Brimstone Academy, home
to some of the most
brilliant minds in the
world, stands tall. Ever
since their doors opened,
science has flourished.
But with the light, comes
the dark. And as always...
10

12. Many doubted it was real, hoping it was simply
a test, but there were four People who did
not doubt. They knew what the alarm signaled,
so they sprang into action. Racing across
the campus, they headed to their secret base,
perparing for the mission that awaited them.
As students and
professors at
Brimstone roam the
grounds on their way
to classes and meetings,
they were all stopped
by an ear-splitting alarm.
11

13. It’s him
again...
What do we
have?
Dr. Viktor Hazard
Cybernetic Augmented
Human
Abilities: Advanced
Technological Genius,
Inventor
Psychological
Assessment: Narcissistic
Megalomaniac
12

14. Looks like we’ll
have to split up
and serach the
area!
Early reports suggest that Dr. Hazard
has stolen research from several
different academy members. He may
be trying to sabotage the academy’s
efforts to gather more support.
Classification:
Supervillain
27 past encounters
with the Elementals
Misc. Data: Former student of Brimstone
Academy, expelled for illegal, unapproved, and
dangerous experiments resulting in self-harm
13

15. We need help! Dr. Hazard has stolen
our reserach!
: IN-LSAMP
The IN-LSAMP needs our help!
Hurry! We have
to go!
Moments Later...
14

16. What is IN-LSAMP:
Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation program provides
assistance towards science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)
majors at collaborating universities and colleges in order to increase the number
of students graduating in these fields. IN-LSAMP is funded by the National
Science Foundation and the IN-LSAMP Alliance is comprised of Ball State
University and 5 other academic institutions in the state.
IN-LSAMP at Ball State University:
Ball State University was accepted as a member of the IN-LSAMP
alliance in 2016 and has been a proud member to date. Ball State is on its way
to achieve its goal of doubling its STEM Bachelor’s degrees in a five year plan,
earned by historically underrepresented students. (See https://inlsamp.org/bsu )
The mission of IN-LSAMP is to increase the quality and quantity of
students from historically underrepresented (URM) populations receiving
Bachelor degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) disciplines. To accomplish this, we focus on promoting student
success by engaging students early in their academic career with undergraduate
research, building a community of faculty mentors at our campuses, designing
professional development activities for students, and support academic
persistence through graduation with our network of peer mentors and tutors.
IN-LSAMP offers the opportunity for underrepresented minority STEM
students to participate in a research experience. This has been identified
as a key component in successful persistence in undergraduate STEM
programs. The research scholars are eligible to receive financial support,
funds for research supplies, and travel awards to present their research.
The IN-LSAMP Campus Coordinator works closely with students to match
faculty research mentors and projects with LSAMP eligible students. It is an
essential element of the IN-LSAMP program to encourage and fund students
to engage in original, faculty-mentored research. As it is well-established that
undergraduate research helps to retain students in their major, integrate them
into their discipline, increase their technical abilities, and help them identify
as a scientist, the program funds ten weeks of intensive research during the
summer. Each of our LSAMP Scholars then prepares and presents a poster
summarizing their data and conclusions.
About IN-LSamp
15

17. Dr. Hazard is
dangerous, we have to
end this!
16

18. 1
Synthesis of Substituted
Pyrazolines: Inhibitors
of Bacterial Infections
By: Adam Lloyd,
Susan McDowell, and
Robert Sammelson
17

19. The Overview
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant is a global health concern
New treatments for infections are needed for infections such as Methicillin-
resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
ML 141, a 4,5-dihydropyrazole derivative, was discovered to be a selective
inhibitor of CDC42 GTPase1
New molecules were synthesized that are not cytotoxic or bactericidal2,3,4,5
The molecules interact with CDC42 to prevent bacterial internalization6,7
Adam shows us several reactions he uses in making target molecules
(substituted pyrazolines) that might prevent the bacteria Staphyloccus Aureus,
from invading a skin cell. These new molecules (labelled RSM 16 and 21)
he made were tested for the % inhibition in cells and compared to a known
inhibitor (ML 141). He includes nuclear magnetic resonance graphs (like an
MRI for molecules!) to prove he made the target molecules.
18

20. Figure 3: Acid Catalyzed Aldol Condensation
Figure 2: Base Catalyzed Aldol Condensation
Figure 1: ML 141 Treated Endothelial Cells
19

21. Figure 4: P-Sulfamylphenylhydrazine Synthesis
Figure 5: Pyrazoline Synthesis
Figure 6: New Pyrazoline Derivatives
20

22. Table 1: Biological Data
Figure 7: Future Possibilities
21

23. Figure 8: 1
H NMR New Chalcone Derivative
Figure 9: 1
H NMR New Pyrazoline Derivative
22

24. Adam continues to work in the laboratory preparing new starting molecules
(precursors) that will lead to different substituted pyrazolines. The search is on
for pyrazolines that inhibit bacterial invasion but are not toxic to the human
body. Go Adam!
Acknowledgements
The ReCap
Rachel Pelly
Susan Schrader
Teage Drinnon
Department of Chemistry
Chris Fullenkamp
Tim Crull
McDowell Research Group
Department of Biology
23

25. 1. Surviladze, Z.; Waller, A.; Strouse, J.; Bologa, C.; Ursu, O.; Salas, V.;
Parkinson, J.; Phillips, G.; Romero, E.; Wandinger-Ness, A.; Sklar, L.; Schroeder,
C.; Simpson, D.; Noth, J.; Wang, J.; Golden, J.; Aube, J. A Potent and Selective
Inhibitor of Cdc42 GTPase. Probe Reports from the NIH Molecular Libraries
Program. 2010.
2. Codero, D.; Fullenkamp, C. R.; Pelly, R. R.; Reed, K. M.; Caffo, L. M.; Zahrt,
A. N.; Newman, M.; Komanapalli, S.; Niemeier, E.; Bishop, D. L.; Bruns, H. A.;
Haynes, M. K.; Sklar, L. A.; Sammelson, R. E.; McDowell, S. A. Small Molecule
Inhibitors Limit Endothelial Cell Invasion by Staphylococcus aureus. Curr.
Pharm. Biotechno. 2014, 15.
3. Robinson, T. P.; Hubbard, R. B.; Ehlers, T. J.; Arbiser, J. L.; Goldsmith, D. J.;
Bowen, J. P., Synthesis and biological evaluation of aromatic enones related to
curcumin. Bioorg. & med. chem. 2005, 13 (12), 4007-4013.
4. Hu, Z.; Liu, J.; Li, G.; Dong, Z.; Li, W. Synthesis of Asymmetric
Triarylbenzenes by Using SOCl2
-C2
H5
OH Reagent. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2004, 51,
581-583.
5. Soliman, R. Preparation and Antidiabetic Activity of Some Sulfonylurea
Derivatives of 3,5-Disubstituted Pyrazoles. J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 321-325.
6. McDowell, S. A.; Sammelson, R. E.; Haynes, M. K.; Sklar, L. A. Methods for
treating bacterial infection. US 9763967.
References
24

26. Mr. Lloyd was selected as an IN-LSAMP Scholar in 2017. Currently, he is
seeking a BS degree in biology with a minor in chemistry. He is working in
Dr. Sammelson’s lab where he researches areas of scientific methodology and
the synthesis of potential applications in medicinal or bioorganic chemistry.
His specific research project focuses on synthesizing new antibacterial
derivatives to be tested for medicinal use. When he graduates, he hopes to
attend medical school.
BIOLOGY, 2019
25

27. Dr. Hazard cannot be
allowed to steal this
research. IN-LSAMP is
depending on us!
26

28. 2
Overexpression and
purification of T7-RNA
Polymerase for RNA in
vitro synthesis
Amber Diggs, Jake Durbin,
Julia Niekamp and Emil F. Khisamutdinov
27

29. The Overview
Amber is synthesizing and producing artificial RNA molecules that are
1000 times smaller than a single bacterial cell. These molecules have
potentials to be used as a cargo for drug delivery purposes in medicine.
To make such small RNA objects (often call nanometer particles or
nanoparticles), she first has to isolate protein machinery (a.k.a enzyme)
that are hidden in bacteria cell called E coli. This machinery produces
RNA strands from RNA’s cousin DNA, different RNA strands are then
combined to build up the cargo. The enzyme has its own name RNA
polymerase. Amber uses specific biochemical tools to find, isolate, and
purify the RNA polymerase from E.coli cells. Once enzyme is pure,
Amber uses it to make various RNA nanoparticles that have different
sizes and shapes, similar to cars and trucks variations. To identify that
proper RNA object was produced she injects the material onto a gel-like
material and applies a current, electrophoresis—it’s called, and the RNA
particles are separated by size and visualized as lines on the gel.
28

30. RNA nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging field and has recently received
wide interest in the scientific community. RNA molecules play many
important roles in gene expression and new roles continue to be discovered.
Increasing numbers of new RNA structures are being solved and deposited
each year in the structure databases (PDB and NDB). These structures reveal
that RNA molecules form diverse and often intricate 3D structures to carry
out their roles. These roles generally involve specific binding to different
proteins, nucleic acids (RNA or DNA), or small molecules, including drugs or
metabolites. Like proteins, RNA molecules can undergo significant structural
rearrangements during function. These RNA features can be implemented to
design and fabricate various types of artificial RNA nanoparticles via self-
assembly. When a large amount of RNA is desired, (e.g., for making RNA
nanoparticles for study therapeutic properties in vivo) it is advantageous
to use chemical synthesis based on phosphoramidite technology. However,
one of the major limitations of chemical synthesis is the production of
long RNA polymers, as it becomes very difficult to synthesize individual
RNA strand longer than 50 nucleotides. The transcription reaction using
T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNApol) is alternative method that requires DNA
template to produce RNA polymer. In optimized conditions, T7 RNApol can
be used in vitro to produce milligram amounts of RNA polymers ranging
from 30 - 30,000 nucleotides. In this study, we describe the overexpression
and purification of T7 RNA polymerase enzyme as well as the optimized
transcription condition to produce large amount of RNA nanoparticle.
Abstract
29

31. Figure 1: T7 RNA Polymerase is producing mRNA from a double-stranded
DNA template. Molecular weight: 98000 Daltons (Sausa, 2003
Figure 2: T7 RNA Polymerase recognizes its promoter and starts transcription at
the final G in the promoter sequence. The polymerase then transcribes using the
opposite strand as a template for 5’->3’ transcription.
30

32. Figure 3, Cell proliferation: T7 RNA Polymerase recognizes its promoter and
starts transcription at the final G in the promoter sequence. The polymerase then
transcribes using the opposite strand as a template for 5’->3’ transcription.
31

33. Figure 5, PAGE Electrophoresis: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) PAGE analysis
of isolated protein
Figure 4, T-7 RNA Polymerase isolation: T7 RNA Polymerase recognizes its
promoter and starts transcription at the final G in the promoter sequence. The
polymerase then transcribes using the opposite strand as a template for 5’->3’
transcription.
32

34. Figure 6, PAGE Electrophoresis: Assembly of RNA strands obtained by T7
RNA polymerase to triangular nano-scaffold.
Conclusion
• The preparation of T7-RNA Polymerase described above is straightforward
and suitable for the laboratories needs.
• The transcription yields milligrams of highly pure RNA in a short period of
time.
• Self-assembly of triangular nano-scaffold by newly transcribed RNA strands
has 50% yield efficiency.
33

35. The RNA nanoparticles that Amber synthesized assemble themselves into
a triangular shape that could be used in biosensing, drug delivery, or even
electronics. Cool work, Amber!
Acknowledgements
The Recap
This work was supported by Ball State University ASPiRE grant and by the
National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of
Health under award no. R01GM120487. In addition, we would like to thank Dr.
Emil Khisamutdinov, Dr. Paul Coan CRISP Director, Tori Goldsworthy, and
Department of Chemistry @ BSU.
References
1. Afaf H. El-Sagheer, Tom Brown. “New strategy for the synthesis of
chemically modified RNA constructs exemplified by hairpin and
hammerhead ribozymes.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107.35 (2010):
15329–15334.
2. Sousa R, Mukherjee S (2003). “T7 RNA polymerase”. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res.
Mol. Biol. 73: 1–41.
34

36. Miss Diggs was selected as an IN-LSAMP Scholar in 2018. Currently, she
is seeking a BS degree in biology with a minor in criminology and criminal
justice. She is working in Dr. Emil Khisamutdinov’s lab where she works
on isolating T7 RNA Polymerase. She is a member of the PhD Pathways
Program and has participated in the DISCOVERY research program,
as well as a participant in the Ball State University Police Department
Citizens Policing Academy. After graduation, she plans to attend graduate
school in hopes of becoming a forensic scientist.
BIOLOGY, 2019
35

37. We must be quick! Dr. Hazard
cannot be allowed to win
this time.
36

38. 3
Allosteric Regulation
of Glutamate
Dehydrogenase 1 by
mitoNEET
Chimere B. Nnatubeugo,
Erica M. Johnson, Dr. Michael A. Menze,
and Dr. Mary E. Konkle
37

39. The Overview
Abstract
MitoNEET is a recently discovered mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] protein that is
a binding power of the anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone. MitoNEET contains
a unique ligation, three cysteines and one histidine, of the metal cluster.
However, the cellular function of mitoNEET is currently unknown. Several
functions have been proposed including a role in cellular respiration, as
an iron-sulfur cluster transfer protein, and as an electron-transport protein.
Putative protein-binding partners of mitoNEET were collected by a protein
pull-down experiment. One result of the pull-down assay, glutamate
dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1), is an allosteric enzyme that plays a role in several
metabolic cycles and is known to regulate insulin. MitoNEET binds to GDH1
through a disulfide bond and activates the enzyme. Additionally, mammalian
GDH1 is allosterically controlled by a number of small molecules. It is
activated by ADP and leucine and inhibited by GTP and palmitoyl-CoA.
Enzyme kinetics were used to study how mitoNEET binding affects the
allosteric control of GDH1. These results have significance because all of the
allosteric regulators are physiologically relevant.
Chimere, or ChiChi, along with others in the Konkle research group explored
the protein MitoNeet’s function from a different angle. They reacted it with
Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH1), an enzyme found in nearly all living
organisms that is vital for cell metabolism to form a MitoNeet-GDH1
complex. Then they observed how this complex affected GDH1 enzyme
behavior with other molecules (listed as ADP, GTP, Palmitoyl-CoA and
EGCG). ChiChi shows how they followed the MitoNeet-GDHH1 behavior
using an ultraviolet light, and then shows us several results.
38

40. MitoNEET
• Localized in the outer mitochondrial
membrane primarily facing the cytosol
• Acts as an allosteric activator by forming a
disulfide bond with GDH1
• Classified as an iron sulfur cluster protein
and belongs in the CISD protein family
• In humans, the NEET family proteins share a
39 amino acid stretch called the CDGSH
iron- sulfur domain
Background
Figure 1: MitoNEET
Figure 2: Gluatmate
Dehydrogenase 1
Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1)
• An enzyme found in the mitochondrial
matrix.
• Reversibly converts the oxidative
deamination of glutamate into a-ketoglutarate
and ammonia with the use of cofactors NAD+
,
NADP+
, NADPH, or NADH
• High expression in brain, kidneys, liver, and
pancreas
• Evolutionarily conserved
• If adding mitoNEET reduces GTP inhibition,
it could play a role in a metabolic disease,
HI/HA and therefore be a possible target for
treatment
39

41. Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia (HI/HA)
• Loss of GTP inhibition of GDH1 causing an overproduction of a-ketoglutarate
and NH3
• Crystal structure of GDH1 indicates mutations in exons 6 and 7, which form
the GTP1 binding site
• Exon 11 and 12 contain the HI/HA mutation
Figure 3: Hyperinsulinism (HI/HA)
40

42. Figure 4: Comparison of the ligations for [2Fe-2S] proteins
Figure 5: Reaction catalyzed by GDH1
glutamale
NAD+
or NADP+
NADH
or NADPH
a-ketoglutarate
NH
4
+H2O
GDH1
+
NH3
c c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Experimental Methods
41

43. Figure 6: Experimental proedures
Experimental Methods
(continued)
42

44. Results
Figure 7: Activity of GDH1 pre-incubated with NAD+
43

45. Conclusion
• MitoNEET does not counteract GTP inhibition, and the order of addition does
not have an effect.
• MitoNEET enhances ADP activation, and the order of addition does not have
an effect.
• MitoNEET counteracts palmitoyl-CoA inhibition, and adding palmitoyl-CoA
first results in higher activity than when mitoNEET is added first.
• MitoNEET counteracts EGCG inhibition and order of addition does not matter.
Figure 7: Activity of GDH 1
44

46. Ball State University CRISP
Dr. Mary E. Konkle (PI)
Konkle Research Group
Felicia Roland
Acknowledgements
The Recap
Chimere showed us that the protein MitoNeet influences the behavior of the
GDH1 enzyme with all the molecules they studied, except GTP. Now the
research team can work on proposing a reaction mechanism!
45

47. References
1. Sohda T, Kawamatsu Y, Fujita T, et al. [Discovery and development of a new
insulin sensitizing agent, pioglitazone] Yakugaku Zasshi. 2002, 122:909–18.
2. Li, M.; Li, C.; Allen, A.; Stanley, C. A.; Smith, T. J. The structure and
allosteric regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase. Neurochemical Int [online]
2011, 59 (4), 433–445.
3. Tamir, S.; Paddock, M. L.; Darash-Yahana-Baram, M.; Holt, S. H.; Sohn, Y. S.;
Agranat, L.; Michaeli, D.; Stofleth, J. T.; Lipper, C. H.; Morcos, F.; Cabantchik, I.
Z.; Onuchic, J. N.; Jennings, P. A.; Mittler, R.;
Nechushtai, R. Structure–function analysis of NEET proteins uncovers their role
as key regulators of iron and ROS homeostasis in health and disease. Biochimica
et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2014, (6) 1853.
4. M.E. Roberts, J.P. Crail, M.M. Laffoon, W.G. Fernandez, M.A. Menze, M.E.
Konkle. Identification of disulfide bond formation between mitoNEET and
glutamate dehydrogenase 1. Biochemistry 2013, 52, 8969-8971.
5. Courtney MacMullen, Jie Fang, Betty Y. L. Hsu, Andrea Kelly, Pascale de
Lonlay-Debeney, Jean-Marie Saudubray, Arupa Ganguly, Thomas J. Smith,
Charles A. Stanley; Hyperinsulinism/Hyperammonemia
Syndrome in Children with Regulatory Mutations in the Inhibitory Guanosine
Triphosphate-Binding Domain of Glutamate Dehydrogenase. The Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2001, 86 (4), 1782–1787.
46

48. Miss Nnatubeugo was selected as an IN-LSAMP Scholar in 2018. Currently,
she is seeking a BS degree in chemistry with a concentration in biochemistry
and a minor in biology. She is working in Dr. Mary Konkle’s lab on the
function of MitoNEET and how its role affects other biological processes
in the mitochondria. She is also involved in the Pre-Health Profession Club
(PHPC), serving as a chair in community service at Ball State University.
She is a member of the Student Affiliates of the American Chemical
Society (SAACS) at Ball State as well as PhD Pathways, which mentors
undergraduate minority students considering post-undergraduate education.
Lastly, she has also served as a TA in the chemistry department. After
graduation, she hopes to attend the University of Michigan to further pursue
her doctorate in medicine to one day work as a cardiothoracic surgeon.
BIOCHEMISTRY, 2020
47

49. I hope the others
suceeded in finding the
reserach, it is imparative
that Brimstone has it.
48

50. Investigation of
the Impact of Cyano
Substituents on
the Reactivity of
Oxypyridinium Salts
Jose Rodriguez and Philip A. Albiniak
4
49

51. The Overview
Introduction to Oxpyridinium
Salts
• Effective protecting group chemistry steps:
• Formation
• Transformation
• Cleavage
• Original synthetic pathways for benzyl etherification:
• Williamson ether synthesis with NaH: (basic conditions)
• Coupling with trichloroacetimidates with TfOH: (acidic conditions)
• 2-benzyloxy-1-methypyridinium triflate (BnOPT)1,2
• Bench and temperature stable salt
• Able to transfer benzyl electrophiles to weak nucleophiles under
mild conditions
• Minimal side reactions, while maintaining high yields (up to 96%
product formation)
Jose wants to make new reagent molecules for the sole purpose of making
certain reactions more efficient for chemists. His reagents called a ‘t-butyl
transfer salts’. His first table shows he made 2 different salts (3-CN and 5-CN
derivatives) in good yields under a variety of time and temperature conditions.
50

52. Figure 1
• Potential mechanistic pathway
Potential mechanistic
pathways
Figure 2
51

53. • More SN
1 character shown through experimentation
• Expansion of the utility of the original BnOPT was explored
• Could a t-butyl derivative be synthesized to generate a salt that could create
relative yields as the original BnOPT salt?
t-Butyl Derivatives3
Figure 3
New question: Could an alternative t-butyl transfer salt be designed which would
be more efficiently synthesized?
• The isobutyl derivative 3 could potentially proceed by a hydride shift to
generate the t-butyl cation.
• The pyridyl ether species was able to be formed in reasonably high yields;
however, even when subjected to the optimized conditions for BnOPT, there was
no decomposition of salt 3 to the t-butyl cation
• Moderate electron withdrawing group (EWG) on the pyridyl ring can activate
decomposition of oxypyridinium salts by stabilizing the resultant anion4
52

54. Figure 4
• After further investigation using previous data about the isobutyl derivative3
and cyano-derivatives of the 2-chloro pyridine species4
, experiments were
conducted to create the new salt’s precursor, 2- isobutoxy-3-cyanopyridine (7).
53

55. Figure 5
Table 1
54

56. Future Work
After a sufficient amount of the precursor is synthesized, future experiments
will be focused on the conditions needed to generate the 2nd generation t-butyl
transfer salt (8)
Figure 6
55

57. References
1. Albiniak, P.A.; Dudley, G.B.; Synlett. 2010, No. 6, 841-851
2. Poon, K.W.C., Dudley, G.B.; J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 3923-3927
3. Salvati, A.E.; Hubley, C.T.; Albiniak, P.A.; Tet. Lett. 2014, 55, 7133
4. Bakshi, T.; Substituent Effects on the Synthesis and Reactivity of
2-Benzyloxypyridinium Triflate Derivatives. Masters Thesis, 2014
The Recap
Jose’s new compounds, didn’t react the way he had desired it. Sometimes that
happens! So Jose is going to make the reagent using a different process. The
second entry on the bottom table and the magnetic resonance graph (again!)
shows that he completed the first step of the new reagent very successfully.
Now he’s got to finish that reaction and test it again. If at first you don’t
succeed…
Acknowledgements
Albiniak Research Group
Anna Salvati
Tayyebeh Bakshi
Stefan Harry
Macon Shroyer
Ball State University Chemistry Department
56

58. Mr. Rodriguez was selected as an IN-LSAMP scholar in 2018. Currently,
Mr. Rodriguez is pursuing a BA degree in professional chemistry with a
minor in Spanish. Mr. Rodriguez currently works in Dr. Albiniak’s lab on
producing oxypyridinium-salts to use as a transfer reagent to create new,
mild benzyl ethers. He is involved in SAACS club, which helps grow
the presence of the chemistry field at Ball State as well as the Muncie
community and has volunteered in activities organized by the committee,
such as Science day at Ball Gymnasium. After graduation, he hopes to
be accepted into a doctorate program for chemistry. After achieving a
doctorate degree, he plans to pursue post-doctoral work and become a
professor in chemistry.
PROFESSIONAL CHEMISTRY, 2019, 2020
57

59. 58

60. Investigation of
Reducing Highly
Cross-linked poly
(S-DVB)
Kaylin Laws and Dr. Courtney Jenkins
5
59

61. The overview
Kaylin shows us how she is working on making a brand new polymer that is
inexpensive and useful in the design of new materials. The first step shown in
Methods is to make a polymer of divinyl benzene (DVB) linked with sulfur
atoms called poly (S-DVB). Then she shows us how she took that polymer
and a new reactant that broke those links and allowed sulfur-hydrogen bonds
to form, a process called reduction. Her nuclear magnetic resonance graphs
(remember those in Adam’s project?) showed this happening over time. Next
Kaylin shows chromatography plots (called GPC) that describe the reduced
polymer’s size as it gets reduced. The table showing molecular weights
indicate the reduced polymer’s degradation. Her future goal is to form reduced
polymer’s that don’t degrade.
Background
• Elemental sulfur is cheap and abundant1
• Sulfur has good electrochemical properties1
• Divinylbenzene (DVB) is a inexpensive compound that creates a highly cross
linked polymer when reacted with sulfur radicals1
• Thiol groups have versatile functionality. It can react with various chemical
groups such as alkenes, alkynes, epoxies or other thiol groups2
• Thiols properties make it useful in click chemistry2
• Thiols also possesses high affinity for heavy metals2
60

62. Goals
• Forming polythiols by reducing poly(S-DVB)
• Determining if poly(S-DVB) is still intact after reduction
• Investigating stability of reduced poly(S-DVB).
methods
Synthesis of poly (S-DVB)3
• 0.25 g of elemental sulfur, heated at 185 °C
• Sulfur becomes liquid and goes from yellow to reddish brown color
• 0.25 ml of DVB is injected into vial and reacts for 6 hours
• Polymer is liquid nitrogen cooled to stop reaction
61

63. Figure 1: Synthesis of Poly(S-DVB)
Reduction of S-DVB
• Poly(S-DVB) weighed out into round bottom of the flask.
• Dissolved in 10 ml of dichloromethane and 2 ml of methanol
• NaBH4
was added to reduce the polymer reaction, reduced polymer samples
were removed at different time intervals
• The polymer solution was extracted with DI water and brine 3 times
Figure 2
62

64. Figure 3, NMR of reduced poly(S-DVB) over time
• New peaks where formed around 4 ppm and grew in over time
Figure 4, Gel Permeation chromatography of poly(S-DVB) with different
S:DVB ratios
• Synthesized poly(S-DVB) with different ratios of S to DVB
• Different starting molecular weights
• Solubility varied
• Polymer solubility in DCM
• 70:30 and 30:70 S:DVB samples had solubility issues
• 50:50 and 60:40 S:DVB ratios had good solubility in DCM
63

65. Table 1: Molecular weight of poly(S-DVB) as it is reduced
• Molecular weight of the poly(S-DVB) decreases over time
• The polymer did not degrade completely after being reduced, but it did
degrade substantially
Figure 5: Graph of GPC of reduced poly(S-DVB)
64

66. Conclusion
• Obtained consistent data showing new peaks NMR as poly(S-DVB) is being
reduced
• GPC consistently shows smaller molecular weights as polymer is reduced
• Reducing agent DTT does not react with S-DVB polymer
• NaBH4
successfully reduces poly(S-DVB)
• Modify reduced to poly(S-DVB) by click chemistry
• After synthesis to limit polymer degradation
• Varying ratios of S:DVB
• Using higher molecular weight polymers
Future Work
65

67. Acknowledgements
The Recap
References
Mentor - Dr. Cori Jenkins
Ball State Chemistry Department
CRISP – Dr. Paul Coan
1. Chung Jin Woo. et al. Nature Chemistry, 5(6), 518-524
2. Mao, Junixa, et al. Applied Surface Science 447 235–243 (2018).
3. Zhang Yueyan. et al. Journal of polymer science 55 107-116 (2017).
Kaylin and her research group will keep altering different reaction conditions
until the reduced polymer is stable and has the properties that will make it
useful. Maybe it will be the next super material!
66

68. Miss Laws was selected as an IN-LSAMP scholar in 2018. Currently, she
is seeking a BS degree in Biology with a minor in chemistry. She works in
Dr. Jenkins’ lab on sulfur polymerization and inverse vulcanization. She
also works on campus as a Computer Lab Assistant. She is responsible for
providing assistance to students and faculty and performs basic computer
troubleshooting. After graduation, she plans to work as a Medical
Technologist and fund herself through graduate school and start her own
company.
BIOLOGY; CHEMISTRY, 2019
67

69. 68

70. Herpetological
Surveys of Red Tail
Land Conservancy
Properties: McVey,
White River, Reber, and
Fall Creek woods
Maurice Dantzler and Kamal Islam
6
69

71. The Overview
Introduction
Reptiles and amphibians are excellent bio-indicator species that provide a
benchmark for the condition of an ecosystem. Amphibians are very susceptible
to pollutants within their environments as they exhibit cutaneous respiration
and absorb molecules through their skin. An increase or decrease in reptile
populations provides insight into food web interactions as they serve important
functions as both prey and predator. A decline in amphibian and reptile
populations suggest perturbations to the environment. The purpose of this
study was to provide information to the Red Tail Land Conservancy on the
species of amphibians and reptiles present on their properties. These data may
be used by Red Tail Land Conservancy personnel to manage specific target
species on their properties.
Maurice loves nature and wants to help to understand changes in our
ecosystem. He shows data in his first table collected from observations
he made in the Red Tail Land Conservancy properties near Ball State
in Muncie, Indiana where he counted several amphibian and reptile
species that are sensitive to environmental conditions. From these
counts he calculated an index (Shannon) in his first table that describes
what area might be more diverse in species than another. His last three
figures show what species is most prevalent in each property.
70

72. Objectives
1. To determine what species occur on the four Red Tail properties.
2. To determine if species diversity & species richness differ among the four Red
Tail properties.
3. To determine relative abundance of amphibians and reptiles for each of the
four Red Tail properties.
• A 6 week survey was conducted from July 1st
through August 15th
, 2018. Each
site was visited once a week; McVey Woods was visited twice/week due to its
size.
• Each transect was spaced 150 meters apart.
• All species of reptile and amphibian observed on any of the four Red Tail Land
Conservancy Sites were identified and recorded.
Methods
71

73. Results
Table 1
72

74. Relative abundance of herptiles at four Redtail Land Conservancy Properties Criket Frog
Spring Peeper
Gray Tree Frog
Garter Snake
Queensnake
Nothern Watersnake
American Bullfrog
Common Snapping
Turtle
American Toad
Nothern Leopard
Frog
Green Frog
Painted Turtle
Red-earned SliderRedtail Land Conservancy Properties
RelativeAbundance
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
McVey White River Fall Creek Reber
Figure 1
Figure 2
73

75. The Elementals have beaten
Dr. Hazard before. So
there’s no way he’s getting
away with the rest of the
research!
Figure 3
74

76. Discussion
White River Woods was the most species rich and diverse site of the four
properties. There was a significant difference in species diversity between McVey
and White River woods (p = 0.02), and between White River and Reber woods
(p = 0.004).
Figure 1 - McVey Woods had the most species diversity, and the Cricket Frog
was the most abundant species. The Green Frog occurred at all four sites, but it
was more common at White River, Fall Creek, and Reber woods than at McVey
Woods.
Figure 2 - American Toad, Northern Leopard Frog, and Green Frog were found
at all four sites. McVey Woods had the greatest species diversity with 11 species
(6 amphibians and 5 reptiles), while White River and Fall Creek each had 6
species; Reber Woods was the least diverse of the four properties with only 4
species.
Figure 3 - Amphibians were more abundant than reptiles at all sites. Cricket
Frog, American Bullfrog, American Toad, Northern Leopard Frog, and Green
Frog were the 5 most abundant amphibian species. Northern Water Snake and
Painted Turtle were the two most abundant reptile species.
75

77. Maurice and his group continue to methodically monitor our environment so
we can we detect changes that affect many species of animals. What affects
them, affects us!
Acknowledgements
the Recap
76

78. Mr. Dantzler was selected as an LSAMP scholar in Spring 2018.
Currently, he is seeking a BS in Wildlife Biology. He is working in
Dr. Kamal Islam’s lab as well as Micayla Jones, the Red Tail Land
Conservancy Stewardship Director. His project is focused conducting
a survey within multiple Red tail conservancy properties and creating a
database of Reptilian and Amphibian species. He is involved with the
greek life as a brother of Delta Tau Delta fraternity, a member of the
wildlife society, and a volunteer on the Ball State Herpetology Study. After
graduation, he hopes to become a Reptile/Amphibian Zookeeper.
WILDLIFE BIOLOGY, 2019
77

79. 78

80. Sphero
In The
Classroom
Monica Appel and
Dave Largent Group
7
79

81. The overview
Monica is interested in exploring how school teachers have used
the ‘Sphero’ robot to teach computer science in their classrooms.
She found five scholarly articles and several social media posts on a
Sphero educational site that indicated that the robot is used primarily
in middle and elementary school and in outreach program for a
variety of ages.
Introduction
Recently, computer science has become an important part of students’
curriculum. Innovations like the Sphero SPRK+ have been developed to help
teach computer science principles to students, and has been especially effective
with fostering computer science skills in elementary students. This study seeks
to see if the Sphero activities are related to computer science and what age group
primarily uses it.
80

82. Figure 1: Sphero SPRK+, an educational robot controlled with a tablet
through Bluetooth connection.
Methods
Studies and scholarly articles from 2013-2018 (as Sphero was introduced in
2011) that discussed Sphero in the classroom were referenced. The SpheroEdu
Twitter was also referenced.
81

83. Figure 2: Block language, a different way of programming instead of using
text-based code
Results
• Five scholarly articles were found that discussed Sphero being used in
classrooms or outreach programs.
• Sphero is used for many ages, but primarily elementary students.
• Based social media posts from SpheroEdu Twitter, Sphero was primarily used
for elementary and middle school students.
• Sphero was primarily used in games or to navigate courses students built.
82

84. Figure 3: Sphero activities used in the classroom based on data collected from
SpheroEdu’s Twitter Account
Discussion
• Elementary classrooms primarily use Sphero, though it can be used for all ages
(some may need more guidance)2
.
• Although some activities may not appear to be explicitly computer science
related, it helps facilitate collaboration and problem-solving abilities.
• The effectiveness of Sphero in teaching computer science depends on the
educator’s creativity and hard work.
83

85. Acknowledgements
References
The Recap
Mr. Dave Largent
Ball State Computer Science Department
Monica’s plot shows that most the most popular activities for Sphero are
programming it for its use in games or for travelling a Sphero course that
was constructed by students. How to spark interest in computer science
in young children is an essential part of developing future scientists!
1. Hadfield, S. M., Raynor, J. T., & Sievers, M. D. (2018). Engaging Secondary
and Post-Secondary Students to Learn and Explore Programming Using a
Theme-Based Curriculum and the Sphero SPRK Robot. Proceedings of the
23rd Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education - WCCCE 18.
doi:10.1145/3209635.3209643
2. Newhouse, C. P., Cooper, M., & Cordery, Z. (2017). Programmable Toys and
Free Play in Early Childhood Classrooms. Australian Educational Computing.
Retrieved July 6, 2018, from http://journal.acce.edu.au/index.php/AEC/article/
view/147/pdf
84

86. Miss Appel was selected as an IN-LSAMP SCHOLAR in 2018. Currently,
she is seeking a BS degree in Computer Science and a minor in Spanish.
She works with Mr. Largent’s lab researching computer science in
education. She is an active member of the Latinx Student Union. After
graduation she hopes to be able to work in computer security and is
planning to attend graduate school in the future.
COMPUTER SCIENCE, 2019
85

87. 86

88. Modifying
Polysulfides using
Maleimide
Princess Walker and
Dr. Courtney Jenkins
8
87

89. the overview
Background
• Elemental sulfur is generated as waste during crude oil refinement.1,2
• About 60 million tons of sulfur are produced annually.1
• Elemental sulfur is mainly use for the production of sulfuric acid.3
• Inverse vulcanization allows the formation of diradicals from S8
to react with
monomers to form polysulfides.2
• At temperatures >160 °C
• Reaction occurs without the use of solvent
• Large reaction scale and fast reaction time
• Polysulfides are solvent resistant and can have a high refractive index.1
• Sulfur-containing materials are very advantageous due to their broad
applications.1
• LiS batteries, ion-exchange membranes, engineered plastic, IR transparent
lenses. 2,3
Princess is using sulfur, a waste product from oil refinement, to
make a polymer called a polysulfide (S-DVB). The new part of her
research is then taking S-DVB and modifying it by reacting it again
at mild reaction temperatures without using toxic organic solvent to
incorporate a new monomer. The series of nuclear magnetic graphs
show that the maleimide is being incorporated into the polymer. This
happens whether or not you do the reaction in a solvent.
88

90. Figure 1: Sulfur mountains from petroleum refinery process. 4
Goal
• Modification of poly(S-divinylbenzene) with maleimide
• Modification without organic solvents
• poly(sulfur-divinylbenzene-styrene)
• Purpose: increase versatility of polymer
Polysulfide Synthesis
• Polysulfides contain dynamic sulfur bonds, allowing polymer
modifications5
• Direct copolymerization of elemental sulfur with divinylbenzene
• The reaction occurs in a glass vial with a magnetic stir bar
• Polymer consist of 30% sulfur and 70% divinylbenzene.
• 5 gram scale
• Sample is heated to 185 °C for 1 hour
• Cooled with liquid nitrogen.
89

91. Figure 2: Synthesis of Ploy(S-DVB)
• Solvent free
• poly(s-styrene-DVB)
185C
1h
n m
Figure 3: Reaction of sulfur with DVB over time
Figure 4: Synthesis of poly(s-styrene-DVB)
90

92. Figure 5
Modification with maleimide
s
s s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s s s
s s
s s
ss
s
s
s s
s
s
s
s
s
s s
DMF
100 C
Figure 6: Synthesis of poly(s-DVB-maleimide)
• Modifications of the newly created poly(S-DVB)
• Eight time trials ranging form 15 minutes to 48 hours
• Synthesis occurs in oil-bath at 100 °C, 200 mg scale in 20 µL DMF
• 3:1 ratio of poly(S-DVB) to Maleimide
• Liquid nitrogen cooled
91

93. No DMF on the left: the poly(S-DVB)
is not reacting with th maleimide
(yellow)
DMF on the right: majority of the
maleimide is being incorporated into
the poly(S-DVB)
Figure 7
Figure 8
NMR Data
• NMR spectrum of poly(s-DVB):
• The benzene ring at 7.5 ppm
• HC-S bonds ranging from 2.5-4.5 ppm
• HC-C bonds ranging from 1.0-2.0 ppm
• Maleimide incorporation over time:
• Peak at 6.5 ppm decreases as time increases
• Indicating that the compound is being incorporated into the poly(s-
DVB)
• Percent of maleimide being incorporated:
• As time increase amount incorporated increases
• After 24 hours maleimide incorporation level off.
92

94. Finally, we’re off to
find the last piece of
research and stop Dr.
Hazard once and for all.
.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0
f1(ppm)
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
3.750.754.00
Figure 9: NMR spectrum of poly(S-DVB)
93

95. Figure 10: Maleimide incorporated over time
94

96. Figure 11: Percent of malimide incorporated over time.
95

97. Table 1: Solvent free graft poly(S-DVB): maleimide
96

98. Table 2: Molecular weight of poly(S-DVB) modified with maleimide
GPC Data
• There is no significant drop in molecular weight for most of the time trials
• After 24 hours molecular weight decreases
97

99. Princess has made new polymers with versatile functions that use waste
products and no solvents—that’s doubly good for the environment.
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
The Recap
• The poly(S-DVB): successfully binds to maleimide in DMF.
• Maleimide is incorporated into the poly(S-DVB) creating a graft polymer
Solvent-Free
• The poly(S-DVB-styrene):maleimide without DMF was still able to
incorporate maleimide into the structure
Mentor - Dr. Cori Jenkins
Ball State Chemistry Department
LSAMP
Dr. Anita Gnedza & Dr. Patricia Lang
CRISP – Dr. Paul Coan
98

100. References
1. Diez, S.; Hoefling, A.; Theato, P.; Pauer, W. Mechanical and Electrical
Properties of Sulfur-Containing Polymeric Materials Prepared via Inverse
Vulcanization. Polymers 2017, 9, 59.
2. Chung, W. J., et al. (2013). “The Use of Elemental Sulfur as an Alternative
Feedstock for Polymeric Materials.” Nat Chem 5(6): 518-524.
3. Khalifa Salman, M., Karabay, B., Canan Karabay, L. and Cihaner, A. (2016),
Elemental sulfur-based polymeric materials: Synthesis and characterization. J.
Appl. Polym. Sci., 133, 43655.
4. Boyd, D. A. “Sulfur and Its Role In Modern Materials Science.” Angew.
Chem. 2016, 128, 15712–15729.
5. Griebel, J. J., et al. (2014). “Preparation of Dynamic Covalent Polymers via
Inverse Vulcanization of Elemental Sulfur.” ACS Macro Letters 3(12): 1258-
1261.
99

101. Miss Walker was selected as an LSAMP Scholar in 2017. Currently, she
is seeking a BS in Chemistry with a concentration in Biochemistry with a
Biology Minor. She works in Dr. Cori Jenkins’ lab with polymer synthesis
and instrumentation. Ms. Walker is a member of the National Society of
Leadership and Scholars (NSLS). As an active member of this society, she
participates in community outreach within the Muncie community. Miss
Walker also participates in the PhD Pathways program with the goals of
preparing undergraduates for graduate school and making it possible for
them to attain a doctoral degree. After graduation, she hopes to further her
education in a graduate program center around genetic studies or cancer
research; with the goal of obtaining a doctoral degree in either field.
BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOLOGY, 2019
100

102. The villianous Dr. Hazard
finally appears, causing the
Elementals to spring into
action...
101

103. You thought you
could win, but this
isn’t over! I have
the last piece of
Research.
102

104. Micro-plate
Colorimetric
Detection of Free
Hydrogen Sulfide
Rebeca Mena, Troy Blake, And
Dr. Mary E. Konkle
9
103

105. The Overview
Rebeca and her research team are studying an important protein that
plays a big role in regulating metabolism in the cell and consequently
understanding the chemical reactions it undergoes is important.
MitoNEET, is this protein’s name and it is thought to react with the
sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, but the products of that reaction
have not been identified. Rebeca describes the experimental method
which uses ultraviolet light to detect for the evolution of hydrogen
sulfide. This would happen if the MitoNEET reaction with cysteine
proceeded by breaking off cysteine’s sulfur-hydrogen group.
104

106. Background
MitoNEET is a protein with a [2Fe-2S] cluster in a unique ligation process of
3Cys-1His residues (figure 1). While iron is an essential element to all life,
it can be highly toxic to living systems when not appropriately sequestered.
MitoNEET is an iron-handling protein known to be predominantly localized
on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Through previous research it was
discovered that the protein mitoNEET likely has a significant role in type-II
diabetes and in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and redox. However, the
molecular mechanisms are unknown at this time. Previous experiments in the
Konkle laboratory identified a possible enzymatic activity between
PLP-modified mitoNEET and L-cysteine (an amino acid with key redox
regulatory roles). However, the products of that reaction are still unidentified.
We adapted a published assay (Figure 2.) to determine if the thiol group of
cysteine was being released as H2
S gas or reacted with an additional cysteine
of a protein to form a disulfide bond. If the latter were occurring, then
treatment of dithiothreitol (DTT) would release H2
S gas. A standard curve
using the positive control of Na2
S was determined. In summary, the reaction of
cysteine with PLP-charged mitoNEET does not cleave the thiol group from the
L-cysteine.
Figure 1: The crystal structure of mitoNEET (2qd0)
containing two [2Fe-2S] clusters within its homodimeric
structure shown in colorbyatom
105

107. Experimental Methods
Figure 2: A H2
S source evolves H2
S gas which reacts with the AgNO3
in the
Nafion-Coated Microplate Cover. After one hour the Ag2
S that is produced gives
the brown color seen above indicating the production of H2
S gas.
Nafion Coated Microplate Cover:
Nafion was mixed with glycerol in a 4:1 v/v ratio. AAgNO3
solution (100 mM)
was added to the Nafion and glycerol solution. 15 µL of solution were pipetted
into every other well of every other row on the 96-well microplate cover and
dried over one hour.
106

108. Experimental Methods
(Continued)
Standard Curve using Na2S ∙ 9H2O:
Na2S ∙ 9H2O was diluted using 1x PBS to final concentrations of 100 µM, 80
µM, 60 µM, 40 µM, 20 µM, and 0 µM. The solutions were placed in every other
well and every other row to prevent contamination from the evolved H2S gas
from neighboring samples. The cover was then placed onto the plate. The plate
was incubated for one hour to produce H2S gas from the Na2S in the wells and
analyzed by a plate reader monitoring at λ = 310 nm. The experiment was done
in triplicate.
Analysis of the Products of Cysteine Reacted with PLP-mitoNEET:
MitoNEET (250 µM) and PLP (500 µM) were reacted in a single batch and
subsequently diluted to 120 µM, 90 µM, 30 µM and 0 µM in 1x PBS and
L-cysteine solutions were made at 5 mM, 1mM, and 0 mM with 1x PBS. The
experiment was done in triplicate using the method described above.
MitoNEET, PLP, and Cysteine with the Addition of DTT:
DTT solution (1 µL of 1M) was added to the reactions described above to break
any potential disulfide bonds that may have formed.
107

109. Results And Discussion
Figure 3: Standard curve data from a triplicate of H2
S evolution from
Na2
S. Error bars shown are S.E.M. from triplicate measurements.
108

110. Figure 4: Wells were filled with PLP-MnT and cysteine to 200 µL final
volume
Figure 5: Wells were filled
with PLP-MnT and cysteine
with 1 µL of 1 M DTT solution
to break any potential disulfide
bonds.
109

111. Figure 6: PLP-MnT and cysteine reaction plates incubated for one hour
(Day1) and left overnight (Day 2). These images shows an unexplained
color change in the 5mM Cys wells from Day 1 to Day 2
110

112. Conclusion and Future
Directions
Acknowledgements
The Recap
• Adapted an assay to detect H2
S gas using a 96-well plate and validated it with a
standard curve
• PLP-MnT treated with cysteine does not liberate H2
S gas, in contrast to known
cysteine desulfurase enzymes
• Identify the products of PLP-MnT treatment with cysteine
• Characterize e reactions of PLP-MnT with other known chemical modifiers
Dr. Mary Konkle
Dr. Coan and the Ball State University CRISP program
NSF # 1806266 and 16184
LSAMP
Rebeca saw no gas evolution in her experiments so another mechanism for
the reaction of the protein MitoNeet with the amino acid cysteine needs to be
explored!
111

113. References
1. Jarosz, A. P.; Yep, T.; Mutus, B. Microplate-based Colorimetric Detection of
Free Hydrogen Sulfide. Analytical chemistry, 2013, 85(7), 3638-3643
2. Tamir, S.; Paddock, M. L.; Darash-Yahana-Baram, M.; Holt, S.H.; Sohn, Y. S.;
Agranat, L.; Cabantchik, I, Z. Structure-function analysis of NEET
proteins uncovers their role as key regulators of iron and ROS
homeostasis in health and disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
(BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 2015, 1853(6), 1294-1315
3. Zheng, L.k; White , R. H.; Cash, V.L.; Dean, D. R. Mechanism for the
Desulfurization of L-cysteine Catalyzed by the nifS Gene Product.
Biochemistry, 1994, 33(15), 4714-4720
112

114. Miss Mena was selected as an IN-LSAMP Scholar in 2018. Currently, she
is seeking a BS in Chemistry and Spanish. She works in Dr. Mary Konkle’s
lab on the function of the protein mitoNEET and how its role affects
other biological processes in the mitochondria. She currently serves as a
STEM peer mentor for IN-LSAMP BSU. As a native Venezuelan she is
also bilingual (Spanish and English) and works as a medical interpreter for
hospitals and clinics. Additionally, she has also worked as a supplemental
instructor in general chemistry. After graduation, she hopes to attend
dentistry school and become a dental surgeon.
CHEMISTRY, 2021
113

115. I’m gonna skip the
long villainous
monologue if that’s
okay with you ?
Fine with us. The
quicker this is over
the better!
114

116. We’re putting an end
to this once and
for all, Hazard!
No more last
minute escapes,
it’s over!
Lets do this,
no letting up!
115

117. THank you
116

118. To our Heroes !
“This material is based upon work supported by
the National Science Foundation under Grant No.
HRD 1618408, 2016-2021. Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in
this material are those of the author(s) and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the National
Science Foundation.”
117

119. The Ball State University Chapter of TAGA consists
of many different individuals in the graphic arts
department as well as in the industry and technology
department. Ball State only has about 27 students in
the Graphic Arts Management major. However, many
of them are apart of the TAGA team, which makes
us so great. Each and every one of us has our own
unique capabilities. Each member is excited to create
our own journal and participate in this year’s TAGA
Conference. All of our members are looking forward
to working with some extremely creative minds
on a myriad of projects, creating connections and
networking with other members around the country
and world, and getting a lot of hands on experience
with the production side of the Graphic Arts Field.
118

120. He has worked for the last 2 years trying to
build back up the Ball State Chapter of TAGA.
campus. Overall, he is looking
forward to getting to know
the TAGA members better.
She is a Graphic Arts Management
major and is also a member and
photographer for Indiana Zeta
chapter of Pi Beta Phi. This year she
is looking forward to spreading
the word about TAGA on campus and
getting others excited about this
organization!
Chapter President
Vice President
He is a Graphic Arts Management major
and is also an RA at Park Hall on
119

121. Kelli is a Graphic Arts Management major and
in her free time she enjoys photography
family. She is looking forward to
being a part of the journal making
process and taking our journal
Jared is an Industry and
Technology major and in his free
Journal Editor
Chapter Treasurer
and Spending time with her friends and
to the TAGA conference.
printing. Through TAGA, he is looking
forward to creating the journal and also
seeing other groups’ journals at the TAGA
conference this spring.
time he enjoys drawing, designing and
120

122. major and is also a part of Best
Buddies and Cru on campus. This year
she is looking forward to making
business connections at the TAGA
conference and getting more
hands-on experience in print.
He is looking forward to gaining experience
in design and print jobs while being in TAGA
this year.
Ryan is a Graphic Arts Management
major and in his free time he enjoys
Design Executive
Social Media Executive &
Layout Designer
Katlyn is a Graphics Arts Management
physical fitness and tabletop games.
121

123. She is a Japanese Major with Asian Studies
and a Graphic Arts technology minor. She’s
Japanese Animation Society on
campus. One thing that she is
looking forward to about being
in TAGA is building her portfolio
and working with a team.
and Blockchain Technology Club. A few
things that he enjoys to do in his free time
is designing flat landscapes, cooking, playing
soccer and basketball, and hanging out with
his friends.
He is a Graphic Arts
Management major. one of the
Extracurriculars he is involved in
on campus is the Cryptocurrency
Design Assistant
General Member
involved in the Cardinal Film Society
and is also the treasurer of the
122

124. She is a Graphic Arts Management major.
Some things that she enjoys doing in her
freelancing, and watching movies.
One of the things she is looking
forward to about being in TAGA
is meeting businessprofessionals
at the annual conference and
making new connections.
free time. Some things that he is looking
forward to being in TAGA is working with
some extremely creative minds on a myriad
of projects, creating connections and
networking with other members around the
country and world and getting a lot of
hands on experience with the production
side of the Graphic Arts Field.
He is a Graphic Arts Management
major. He enjoys novel writing,
cooking, drawing, and reading in his
Journal Illustrator
General Member
free time include reading, drawing,
123

125. product. SHE IS pursuing dual master’s
degrees after fifteen years of working
as a graphic designer in film, TV, and print.
HER experience with Universal Studios Home
Entertainment DVD packaging design inspired a
deep interest in connections between design,
paper, and packaging. SHE lookS forward to
seeing what tAGA createS IN THE FUTURE.
SHE has been pleaSED to see tAGA
He is a Graphic Arts Management major with
a minor in business. Along with graphics,
organization at Ball State. In his
free time he enjoys listening to
music, playing video games, spend
time with friends and watching TV.
One thing that Roy is looking
forward to is the experience
TAGA offers.
General Member
GrADUATE
ASSISTANT
Roy is also involved in Byte, an
thrive and create such an impressive final
124

126. HE is an Associate Professor of Art and faculty
of Graphic Communications Management since 1993.
promoting the industry to young
people. “My desire is to instill
Pride in Print and give young
people ownership of their own
learning. There’s immense power in
understanding that one can move
themselves forward towards their
own life’s goals.”
Hans
Kellogg
Hans
Kellogg
offset printing business in Napa Valley. THEY
sold it, AND theN moved to Zambia, Africa
where HE managed an offset printing business.
When THEY came back from Africa HE worked
as a sales person for Dobb Printing company
before starting HIS teaching career. HE now
haS been teaching for 14 years.
HE WORKED FOR a printing company
RUNNING a Heidelberg GTO AND a 4
color Vickers Crabtree press FOR
FACULTY ADVISOR
FACULTY ADVISOR
HIS specialtIES include photography,
digital imaging, print production and
5 years. HE AND HIS WIFE started a small
125

127. Dr. Lang has extensive experience in
programs that aid in retention of STEM
students, in particulaR underrepresented
minority students. She utilizes her
experience and current status as Co-PI
to assist in recruiting a diverse group of
qualified students as well as to evaluate
the successful elements of the program.
As past Chemistry Department Chair. Lang has
worked and continues to work closely
with the math and science chairs and the
administration to support STEM initiatives,
write proposals, advocate for resources
and student learning initiatives. Over her
career, she has mentored nearly 70
research students, half of whom are women
and/or minority students.
IN-LSAMP
CO-PRINCIPAL &
CAMPUS DIRECTOR
126

128. Dr. Gnezda has over a decade of experience
teaching introductory courses in chemistry,
science, and allied science. Through her
interactions with students in these courses
and her appointment as lab coordinator,
she is positioned within the university
to meet and recruit students who are
entering STEM fields, and may BE iNterested
in participating in the IN LSAMP program. In
the past, as the Ball State LSAMP Indiana
coordinator and through her interaction
with the Multicultural Center at Ball State,
she has increased awareness of the LSAMP
program on campus and facilitated students
participation in the program.
IN-LSAMP
CAMPUS
COORDINATOR
127

129. Our Sponsors
Robert Schroeder
Ball State Sponsored Projects
Administration
Ball State School of Art
Special Thanks to
For your donation!
128

130. Our Sponsors
Huston Signs is a full service branding, graphics and
custom signage company serving central Indiana located in
Westfield, IN. We specialize in helping our customers create
their brand and then assisting them in marketing that brand
to the public. We help our customers visually communicate
their brand in the following ways: vehicle wraps and vinyl
lettering, interior wall wraps, electronic message centers,
architectural letters, monument signs, construction site
signs, post and panel signs and way-finding signage. To learn
more visit us at www.hustonelectric.com
129

131. Our Sponsors
130

132. Welcome Zane!
Welcome Zane Antrhop, our production baby
born in December during the creation of our
journal. He is an important member of the Ball
State TAGA team just like his dad, Caleb!
131

133. Final Acknowledgements
132
As we reach the end of Ball State’s centennial year, we are looking
forward to upcoming years with bright eyes. We are so proud to have reached
our goals of more than tripling our membership this year and returning to
the Annual TAGA conference with a journal created from scratch after not
being in attendance with one for several years. As we look forward, we must
also look back and honor those who have helped us get to this moment. The
journal would not have been possible without the efforts of our determined
members. We have grown significantly and gained many valuable experiences,
most important being we learned to work together and combine our creative
minds to form a journal that we believe truly represents our best work. Each
and every member brought their own special talents to the team, and countless
hours were spent working together to focus them into one project. We would
like to express our gratitude towards Konica Minolta for donating our press
and their continued support. A big thank you goes out to Ball State’s faculty
for supporting us and giving us an environment that fosters creativity and
innovation. We would like to especially thank professor Patricia Lang for
working one-on-one with graphic art students to correctly capture the essence
of science research in a new and exciting way. Bringing together these
disciplines has been no easy task, however we are thankful to have had the
opportunity to help highlight such an important and inspiring group of students.
IN-LSAMP is doing great things not only on our campus but in other schools in
Indiana. We are incredibly honored to present their research in our publication.
We are also thankful to be a part of an organization that provides opportunities
to students outside the classroom and prepares them for the future. Ball State
TAGA is proud of our 2019 journal, and we are excited to build our chapter and
continue to grow in years to come.

134. Publisher’s Information
133
Typefaces
Stocks
Software & Equipment
Binding & Finishing Equipment
BigNoodleTitling
Heroes Legend
Heroes Legend Hollow
Times New Roman
VTC Letterer Pro
Cougar Text
LUX Colors Midnight Black Card Stock
Tango Coated Cover C1S
Adobe InDesign
Adobe Illustrator
Abode Photoshop
Fiery
Konica Minolta AccurioPress C2070
POLAR Mohr POLAR 78 ES Cutter